RU232536U1 - PALLET FOR STORAGE AND TRANSPORTATION OF LOADS - Google Patents

Abstract

A pallet for storing and transporting goods is proposed, comprising a supporting plate having an upper surface and a lower surface intended for placing goods on its upper surface; as well as several supports attached to the lower surface of the supporting plate parallel to its side faces in such a way that there is free space between them for the passage of forklift forks. In this case, the supporting plate is made of honeycomb cardboard, the supports are made in the form of blocks of stone wool with a density of at least 50 kg/ ^m3 , where each support can have at least two recesses on the lower surface, spaced along the length, and the corresponding recesses of all pallet supports are aligned along one line in such a way as to ensure the passage of forklift forks through them.

Description

The field of technology to which the utility model relates

The utility model relates to means for storing and transporting goods, namely to pallets for placing, storing, loading and moving goods, for example, mineral wool insulation boards.

State of the art

Pallets and skids are often used to place and move cargo in warehouses, which make loading and unloading easier with the help of lifting equipment such as forklifts, cranes, jacks, etc. Pallets are a container unit that has a supporting surface used to collect and assemble cargo, as well as a frame or base on which this surface is installed. Pallets must ensure reliable retention of cargo when transporting it with a forklift or lifting it with another lifting device.

Pallets are made from various materials, such as wood, cardboard, corrugated cardboard, plastic, etc. Pallets can have different sizes and configurations depending on the purpose, location of use, the goods being transported, and the means of transportation used.

The most versatile and durable are metal pallets, but they are the most expensive. Plastic pallets are also widely used due to their good load resistance, the possibility of conveyor use and hygiene. Wooden pallets are also quite actively used, but they are gradually losing their relevance due to the need for special treatment and instability to mechanical damage.

Typically, pallets made from the most common materials are heavy, expensive, and often inconvenient to use. In addition, the production and recycling of wooden or plastic pallets can be associated with significant difficulties and can cause harm to the environment. Such disadvantages significantly limit their scope of use.

Recently, pallets made using cardboard or corrugated cardboard as a supporting plate or its elements have been increasingly used, which increases the environmental friendliness of the technology due to the possibility of recycling, and also reduces the weight of the product without compromising the reliability of the product. In addition, the absence of nails and chips in the design of pallets using cardboard prevents damage to products during transportation.

For example, EA 202192661 (A1) describes a configurable pallet comprising a cardboard base, one or more plastic bases and a load distribution element, which may be in the form of a cardboard top or sheet, including corrugated cardboard, including multi-layer corrugated cardboard. The cardboard base has openings for receiving nine plastic protrusions that serve as feet to provide space between the cardboard base and the ground surface. This space allows an element or tool, such as a forklift, to insert a fork under the cardboard base.

The disadvantage of this solution is the use of plastic elements as legs, which increases the cost of the pallet and reduces its environmental friendliness due to the complexity of processing. In addition, the design is quite labor-intensive to manufacture, since it requires processing of materials to combine elements of complex shape.

Publication EA 035115 (B1) describes a pallet made of corrugated cardboard, as well as a support shell containing legs having their own lifting recesses and a stiffening space. The fastening surface of the support shell is attached to a stiffening plate, which is attached to the lower surface of the load-bearing surface of the pallet. A central support shell is attached to the lower side of the stiffening plate, obtained by bending from a rectangular central base plate made with creases and two lifting recesses, containing support legs including two fastening surfaces, lifting recesses and a stiffening space along the entire length of its two fastening surfaces. In the upper part of the stiffening space of the support legs, completely filled crossbars are installed, and cylinders are installed with filling the space under the completely filled crossbars in the stiffening space of the support legs.

Another disadvantage of the described design is the complexity of the manufacturing technology, which involves complex processing of materials for the manufacture of pallet components and their assembly, which requires special equipment.

Stone wool is proposed as a promising material for the production of pallet supports. Stone wool is a type of mineral wool made primarily from the melt of igneous rocks. One of the main components of the raw material for the production of stone wool are igneous rocks of the gabbro-basalt group and similar metamorphic rocks in chemical composition, as well as marls.

The porous structure of stone wool allows it to withstand heavy loads, while keeping the material lightweight. Stone wool products have increased strength, are affordable and have high performance characteristics, and the hydrophobic component in the binder allows it to be stored in an open warehouse in rainy weather.

The use of mineral wool as support legs for packaging of insulating boards is known, for example, from document EP 0987192 (B1). Mineral wool as a material for supports is a promising material, since it allows to withstand heavy loads, while leaving the material light. Such a technical solution does not require the consumption of wood, reduces the cost of production, and does not require the disposal of pallets, their additional transportation and storage. The disadvantage of the described design for transportation is the lack of a supporting panel and the impossibility of reusing the transport element, as well as the complexity of using different types of loaders with different characteristics of lifting devices.

Thus, the task is to modify a simple-to-manufacture universal pallet for storing and transporting goods with a low manufacturing cost, ensuring reliable retention of the goods placed on it and the possibility of its use with forklifts of different sizes, so that this pallet also ensures reliable retention of the goods placed on it, and also has a low weight and increased environmental friendliness.

Disclosure of a utility model

The technical result of the utility model is to ensure low weight and increased environmental friendliness of the pallet for placing cargo, as well as to ensure reliable retention of the cargo placed on the pallet.

The utility model proposes a new design of a pallet for storing and transporting goods, such as, for example, mineral wool insulation boards, which overcome the disadvantages of known analogues and solve the task at hand by being made in the form of a supporting board having an upper surface and a lower surface intended for placing goods on its upper surface, as well as several supports attached to the lower surface of the supporting board parallel to each other and its side faces so that there is free space between them for the passage of forks of a forklift. In this case, the supporting board is made of honeycomb cardboard, the supports are made in the form of bars of stone wool with a density of at least 50 kg/m ³ .

In a preferred embodiment, each support has at least two recesses on the lower surface, spaced apart along the length, and the corresponding recesses of all pallet supports are aligned along one line in such a way as to ensure the passage of the forks of a forklift through them.

The supports can be attached to the supporting surface using adhesive material or using mechanical fastening.

Alternatively, the supports can be attached to the supporting surface by wrapping with stretch film in an orbital wrapping machine.

In one embodiment, two, three or four supports may be provided on the lower surface of the supporting plate.

In one embodiment, the carrier plate may be made from two layers of honeycomb cardboard bonded together using an adhesive material.

In one embodiment, the supporting plate further comprises on the upper surface a decorative or protective coating, which may be one of the following: paint, bitumen, varnish and/or laminated plastic.

In one embodiment, all supports are the same size and their length is the same as the width of the support plate.

In another embodiment, the length of one or more supports differs from the width of the support plate.

Brief description of the drawings

Preferred embodiments of the utility model are illustrated with reference to the accompanying drawings.

Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of one embodiment of the proposed pallet, containing four supports with side recesses.

Fig. 2 shows a perspective view of one embodiment of a support for the proposed pallet, having recesses.

Fig. 3 shows a perspective view of another embodiment of the proposed pallet, containing three supports without recesses.

Fig. 4 shows a perspective view of another embodiment of the proposed pallet, containing four supports without recesses.

Fig. 5 shows a perspective view of one embodiment of a support for the proposed pallet that does not have a recess.

Fig. 6 shows one of the special cases of the configuration of a pallet with a load placed on it.

Fig. 7 shows another particular case of the configuration of a pallet with a load placed on it.

Fig. 8 shows another particular case of the configuration of a pallet with a load placed on it.

Implementation of a utility model

Fig. 1, Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 show the external appearance of various configuration options of the pallet, which include the following elements:

supporting plate (11) made of honeycomb cardboard;

supports (12) made of rock wool to ensure entry of the forks of the rock wool forklift, attached to the lower part of the supporting surface by means of adhesive material or other suitable method.

The task performed by the supporting surface of the plate (11) is to hold the loads located on the pallet. The production of this surface from honeycomb cardboard allows it to withstand heavy loads, while leaving the material environmentally friendly and safe. Honeycomb cardboard is a type of cardboard, the inner part of which has holes in the form of hexagonal honeycombs. This type of material most often consists of three parts: the upper and lower smooth layer, which overlap the inner cellular part. Products made from such material have increased strength, have an affordable price, do not require additional processing and the use of specialized tools or tools for effective work with it.

The carrier plate (11), made of honeycomb cardboard, is lightweight and resistant to various mechanical, thermal and chemical influences, perfectly preserving the goods and products placed on it. In addition, this material is the most suitable from the point of view of sanitary standards.

Honeycomb cardboard has greater bending strength in the longitudinal and transverse directions than corrugated cardboard, and honeycomb cardboard products can be used both once and repeatedly. Cellulose liners can also be used to increase its strength and moisture resistance. Honeycomb cardboard products can be used both indoors and outdoors. In addition, this material can easily be used to produce products of varying complexity, and it can be used to manufacture bearing surfaces of a given size for a load of a certain weight.

The raw material used to manufacture such material is 100% recyclable natural raw materials, and its components do not cause any harm to the environment. It can also be noted that products made of such material do not require expensive disinfection, since the bearing surfaces made of honeycomb cardboard are supplied new, clean, and it is impossible for microflora to develop in them. Products made of it do not require special marking and phytosanitary control when exporting goods.

An additional advantage of the honeycomb core board (11) is the ability to achieve the desired appearance, for example by branding or painting in the required colours.

The main parameter of honeycomb cardboard is the cell size, it is usually calculated as the diameter of the circle in which the honeycomb hexagon is inscribed. The cell size varies from 10 to 50 mm, the honeycomb height (thickness) - from 10 to 100 mm. The length of the honeycomb web can be different, but the width usually starts from 850 mm.

In terms of the required properties of the supporting plate, honeycomb cardboard panels with any cell size, thickness and lamination type can be used. The determining parameter of honeycomb cardboard for its selection as a supporting surface is the compressive strength, measured in Pa. Suitable honeycomb cardboard (honeycomb panels) must have a compressive strength of at least 2000 Pa. With a lower compressive strength, there is a risk that the panel will not withstand the weight of the load, and more supports will need to be used. A higher strength value is acceptable, but may not be economically feasible.

The carrier plate (11) can be made of one or more layers of honeycomb cardboard. In the case of using several layers, these layers can be connected to each other using adhesive materials or mechanical fasteners, as well as by wrapping the entire pallet with stretch film.

The outer surface of the supporting plate (11) may contain one or more additional layers and/or coatings made of various materials, for example, having a textured surface, a moisture-proof surface, decorative coatings, polymer coatings, coatings of paint and varnish and/or other applicable materials.

Additional layers of the supporting plate (11) can be either solid or made in the form of separate fragments, such as strips, squares or other geometric shapes, or can have holes of various shapes.

To ensure entry of the forks of the forklift for further lifting and transportation of the pallet together with the products, supports (12) are used, attached transversely from below to the supporting plate (12), for example, as shown in Fig. 1, 3 or 4.

In this case, the configuration of the supports (12), their number and location on the lower surface of the support plate (11) can provide the possibility of entry of the forks of the loader from both two (Fig. 3-5) and four sides (Fig. 1, 2), which facilitates the transportation process and ensures its variability. The possibility of gripping from any of the four sides can be ensured by making recesses on the lower sides of the supports (12), distributed over the lower surface of the bearing plate in several rows in such a way that the corresponding recesses of the various supports (12) form a passage for the forks of the loader. Fig. 2 shows a variant of the configuration of one of the supports (12), providing such a possibility.

In the non-limiting embodiments shown in the figures, each support (12) can be made in the form of a bar having a short side (101) and a long side (106), as well as a height (102). In the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, 2, recesses (104) can be made on the lower side of the support, preferably having a rectangular shape, extending across the entire width of the support and having a height (103) less than the height (102) of the support.

In one non-limiting embodiment, the long side (106) may have a size of about 1200 mm, the short side (101) of the support (12) may have a size of about 300 mm, the height (102) may be about 100 mm. In another non-limiting embodiment, the recess may have a height (103) of about 50 mm and a width of about 200 mm. In such an embodiment, the distance (105) between the recesses will be about 700 mm.

The length of the supports (12) preferably coincides with the width of the supporting plate, however, the length of one or more supports (12) may also slightly exceed or be slightly less than the transverse dimensions of the supporting plate (11).

In the configuration shown in Fig. 1, 2, the forks of the loader can enter both the gaps between the supports (12) (on one side of the plate) and the recesses inside the supports (12) (on the other side of the plate).

In one embodiment, there are three to four supports (12) per pallet measuring 2400 x 1200 mm (see Fig. 1, 3-4), depending on the weight of the product being transported. If the total weight of the finished product is less than 300 kg, three supports may be used per pallet. It is also possible to use two supports if the dimensions of the bearing surface are less than 1200 x 1200 mm. It should be noted that any number of supports and recesses in them may be provided, arranged in a symmetrical or asymmetrical configuration so as to ensure entry of the forklift forks from all sides of the pallet. In this case, a symmetrical configuration is preferable for ensuring stability of the pallet with the load and uniform distribution of the load. The supports of one pallet should preferably have the same dimensions and configuration, however, this is not mandatory; If there are recesses, the recesses of each support and all pallet supports may have different sizes, but the corresponding recesses must be located in one line in such a way as to ensure the unimpeded passage of the forks of the forklift through them.

As stated above, the use of rock wool is proposed as a support material in this utility model. This material meets all environmental requirements and is available at the places of production and packaging of mineral insulation, therefore, it is economically advantageous.

Other advantages of stone wool as a material for pallet supports:

high resistance to heat transfer due to the retention of air inside the insulation;

high melting point of fibers - more than 1000°C;

high resistance to mechanical stress;

high values of sound absorption coefficients, which allows for effective reduction of both airborne and impact noise levels;

high resistance to the effects of microorganisms and rodents;

chemical neutrality in relation to building materials;

hydrophobicity;

contributes to saving energy resources.

Supports made of stone wool realize all the advantages of this material and, due to the easy accessibility of processing (easy to cut with a fine-toothed knife, a hacksaw or other suitable tool), a multifunctional form (see Fig. 2) can be easily made from stone wool on site from a semi-finished product.

Stone wool (depending on the type of raw material) can have a different fiber structure, specified technologically: horizontally layered, vertically layered, corrugated or spatial, which expands the possibilities of its application in certain conditions. For supports, it is advisable to use stone wool with the following physical and mechanical characteristics:

a density of not less than approximately 90 kg/ ^m3 , more preferably not less than 110 kg/ ^m3 ;

compressive strength at 10% deformation not more than approximately 10 kPa;

short-term water absorption during partial immersion is no more than approximately 1 kg/ ^m2 ;

water absorption during partial immersion of samples for a specified long time is not more than approximately 3 kg/ ^m2 .

It should be noted that the specific parameters of the mineral wool supports are not essential, since, depending on the available material, the desired properties can be achieved by adjusting the size and/or number of these supports.

The most convenient method for attaching the supports (12) made of rock wool to the supporting plate (11) is gluing. To glue the supporting surface made of honeycomb cardboard to the rock wool supports, an adhesive material can be used, which is a substance or a multi-component composition based on organic or inorganic components, capable of connecting (gluing) different materials. For the purposes of this utility model, there may be used, for example, acrylic adhesives, anaerobic acrylic adhesives, cyanoacrylate adhesives, rubber adhesives (on rubbers), adhesives based on urea-formaldehyde resins, latex-based adhesives, adhesives based on polyvinyl acetate (PVA), eneol-formaldehyde adhesives, adhesives based on organoelement compounds, adhesives based on thermoplastic polymers, inorganic adhesives, metal adhesives, phosphate cement adhesives, sodium silicate-based adhesives, polyurethane adhesives, epoxy adhesives, and other suitable adhesives.

It can also be noted that the rock wool supports can be attached to the supporting surface by any suitable method known from the prior art, for example by mechanical fastening or connection, as well as by wrapping with stretch film in an orbital wrapping machine.

Fig. 6-8 show non-limiting examples of product placement, such as mineral insulation boards, on the proposed pallets, and, accordingly, various configurations and sizes of such pallets, and a different number of supports.

The supporting panel can have a width M from 1000 mm to 1200 mm and a length L of 1200 mm or 2000-2400 mm.

For example, without limitation to the above, the supporting panel may have the following geometric dimensions:

To summarize the above, the proposed technical solution provides an inexpensive, easy to manufacture, lightweight, environmentally friendly and reliable means for storing and transporting goods.

Claims (13)

1. A pallet for storing and transporting goods, comprising a supporting plate having an upper surface and a lower surface intended for placing goods on its upper surface, several supports attached to the lower surface of the supporting plate parallel to its sides in such a way that there is free space between them for the passage of forklift forks, characterized in that the supporting plate is made of honeycomb cardboard, the supports are made in the form of blocks of stone wool. 2. A pallet according to item 1, characterized in that each support has a long side of 1200 mm, a short side of 300 mm, and a height of 100 mm. 3. A pallet according to item 1, characterized in that each support has at least two recesses on the lower surface, spaced apart along the length, and the corresponding recesses of all pallet supports are aligned along one line in such a way as to ensure the passage of forklift forks through them. 4. A pallet according to any of paragraphs 1-3, characterized in that the supports are attached to the supporting surface using an adhesive material. 5. A pallet according to any one of paragraphs 1-3, characterized in that the supports are made in the form of blocks of stone wool with a density of at least 50 kg/ ^m3 , more preferably at least 60 kg/ ^m3 , more preferably at least 70 kg/ ^m3 , more preferably at least 90 kg/ ^m3 . 6. A pallet according to item 1, characterized in that two supports are provided on the lower surface of the supporting plate. 7. A pallet according to item 1, characterized in that three supports are provided on the lower surface of the supporting plate. 8. A pallet according to item 1, characterized in that four supports are provided on the lower surface of the supporting plate. 9. A pallet according to item 1, characterized in that the supporting plate is made of two or more layers of honeycomb cardboard, connected using an adhesive material or by wrapping the entire pallet with stretch film. 10. A pallet according to item 1, characterized in that the supporting plate additionally contains a decorative or protective coating on the upper surface. 11. A pallet according to item 10, characterized in that the decorative coating is one of the following: paint, bitumen, varnish and/or laminated plastic. 12. A pallet according to item 1, characterized in that all supports have the same dimensions. 13. A pallet according to item 1, characterized in that the length of one or more supports differs from the width of the supporting plate.