RU231821U1 - SOLID FUEL METAL FURNACE - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the designs of metal furnaces operating on solid fuel and intended for heating rooms, baths (creating steam in saunas), as well as for cooking and heating food in field (hiking) conditions. The technical result of the claimed utility model is to increase the efficiency (efficiency) of the metal furnace for solid fuel. This is achieved by the fact that the metal furnace for solid fuel contains a horizontally oriented firebox, a flue gas duct in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped with an opening for a smoke pipe, on the front side of the furnace there is a window with a door for loading fuel and a window with an ash pan door, there is an enclosing casing and a cavity for heat-accumulating filler, wherein the flue gas duct is located above the firebox at some distance from it at a small upward angle to the surface of the firebox, there is a hot gas afterburning tube located in the rear part of the furnace and entering the hot gas mixing chamber formed by the rear wall of the casing, an inclined metal wall connecting the rear wall of the casing with the upper cylindrical surface of the firebox, as well as the side walls of the mixing chamber itself, between the side walls of the firebox and the vertical side walls of the housing there are air duct gaps for the convection of air flows coming from the lower part of the furnace into the cavity for the heat-accumulating load formed due to the walls of the casing, the surface of the firebox, the walls of the mixing chamber, the flue, the smoke stack, the hot gas outlet and soot shedding tube, which is located between the flue and the firebox so that its lower end is in the opening of the upper surface of the firebox, and its upper end is in the opening of the lower surface of the flue, and the smoke stack and the hot gas outlet and soot shedding tube are coaxial. 5 clauses, 4 figs.

Description

The utility model relates to the design of metal furnaces operating on solid fuel and intended for heating rooms, baths (creating steam in saunas), as well as for preparing and heating food in field (hiking) conditions.

The closest technical solution (prototype) is a household metal stove for solid fuel (RU Patent No. 111262, F24B 1/24, published on 10.12.2011 Bulletin No. 34), containing a horizontally oriented firebox, a flue in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped with an opening for a smoke pipe, on the front side of the stove there is a window with a door for loading fuel and a window with an ash pan door, there is a protective casing and a cavity for heat-accumulating filler.

Disadvantages of the prototype: the efficiency of the furnace is reduced, because:

1) the lower part of the horizontal flue is the upper surface of the firebox, therefore the heat-accumulating load receives less energy to heat the furnace and, accordingly, the surrounding space receives less heat;

2) there is no hot gas afterburning tube, therefore the heat-accumulating filler of the furnace does not receive a sufficient volume of hot air to heat the surrounding space;

3) there is no hot gas mixing chamber, therefore there is no additional heating of the heat-accumulating load, therefore the temperature of heat release by the furnace is reduced; the absence of a hot gas mixing chamber also contributes to clogging of the flue and chimney with particles of burnt fuel, which are manually removed by the consumer through the soot cleaning hole;

4) the presence of reflective shields does not allow for the efficient use of the energy of the heat-accumulating load, thereby reducing the heating of the surrounding space;

5) a small number of structural elements located in the cavity for the heat-accumulating filler, giving off heat to the heat-accumulating load;

6) there is no hot gas outlet tube capable of transferring heat to the heat-accumulating load.

The technical problem solved by the creation of the claimed utility model is that the modern consumer needs metal universal (multifunctional) yen on solid fuel, which are adapted to various conditions of use depending on the need, including in extreme and emergency situations, in field conditions (hikes), etc.

The technical result of the claimed utility model is to increase the efficiency (COP) of a metal furnace for solid fuel.

The technical result is achieved in that a metal furnace for solid fuel, containing a horizontally oriented firebox, a flue in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped with an opening for a smoke pipe, on the front side of the furnace there is a window with a door for loading fuel and a window with an ash pan door, there is an enclosing casing and a cavity for heat-accumulating filler, wherein the flue is located above the firebox at a distance of 150 mm from it at an ascending angle of 10°, there is a hot gas afterburning tube located in the rear part of the furnace and entering a hot gas mixing chamber formed by the rear wall of the casing, an inclined metal wall connecting the rear wall of the casing with the upper cylindrical surface of the firebox, as well as the side walls of the mixing chamber itself, between the side walls of the firebox and the vertical side walls of the housing there are air duct gaps for the convection of air flows coming from the lower part of the furnace into the cavity for the heat-accumulating load formed by the walls the casing, the surface of the furnace, the walls of the mixing chamber, the flue, the smoke stack, the hot gas outlet and soot shedding tube, which is located between the flue and the race so that its lower end is in the opening of the upper surface of the furnace, and the upper end is in the opening of the lower surface of the flue, wherein the smoke stack and the hot gas outlet and soot shedding tube are coaxial with each other. Wherein the flue, made in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped, has a width of the upper and lower edges exceeding the height of its side edges, but less than twice. Wherein the hot gas outlet tube is made curved. Wherein the air duct gaps for the convection of air flows are formed between metal elements of a cylindrical shape, attached to the cylindrical side walls of the furnace and the side internal walls of the housing. Wherein there is a tank for heating water, attached to the outer surface of the rear wall of the housing using brackets. The new essential distinctive features of the claimed technical solution are the following features:

the flue is located above the thin one at a distance of 150 mm from it at an ascending angle of 10°;

there is a hot gas afterburning tube located at the rear of the furnace and entering the hot gas mixing chamber;

the mixing chamber of the hot gases is formed by the rear wall of the casing, an inclined metal wall connecting the rear wall of the casing with the upper cylindrical surface of the firebox, as well as the side walls of the mixing chamber itself;

between the side walls of the firebox and the vertical side walls of the casing, air duct gaps are provided for the convection of air flows coming from the lower part of the furnace into the cavity for heat-accumulating loading;

the cavity for the heat-accumulating load is formed by the walls of the casing, the surface of the firebox, the walls of the mixing chamber, the flue, the smoke pipe and the tube for the outlet of hot gases and the shedding of soot;

the hot gas outlet and soot shedding tube is located between the flue and the firebox so that its lower end is in the opening of the upper surface of the firebox, and its upper end is in the opening of the lower surface of the flue;

The smoke pipe and the hot gas outlet and soot shedding pipe are made coaxial with each other.

The set of new significant distinctive features, along with the features known from the state of the art, is sufficient to solve the specified technical problem and obtain the technical result provided by the utility model - an increase in the efficiency of the furnace.

The essence of the proposed utility model, its feasibility and the possibility of industrial application are illustrated by drawings, where:

Fig. 1 - a furnace in an axonometric projection;

Fig. 2 - front view of the oven, combined with a section;

Fig. 3 - vertical section of the furnace;

Fig. 4 - view of the stove from above.

The following symbols are present on the presented drawings:

1 - firebox (combustion chamber);

2 - grate (removable);

3 - gas duct (gas duct channel);

4 - chimney;

5 - vertical tube;

6 - oven door;

7 - front (face) wall of the furnace;

8 - blower door;

9 - triangular firebox opening;

10 - hot gas mixing chamber;

11 - rear wall of the oven;

12 - inclined metal wall of the hot gas mixing chamber;

13 - upper cylindrical surface of the firebox;

14, 15 - side walls of the hot gas mixing chamber;

16, 17 - side walls of the furnace casing;

18 - enclosing casing (housing) of the furnace;

19 - side cylindrical surfaces of the firebox;

20 - metal elements;

21 - convection gaps;

22 - cavity for heat-accumulating filler;

23 - heat-accumulating filler;

24 - hot gas afterburning tube;

25 - water tank;

26 - brackets;

27 - firewood (fuel).

A metal furnace for solid fuel (hereinafter referred to as the furnace), intended for multifunctional use, contains a horizontally oriented firebox (combustion chamber) 1 (Fig. 1-4), made of a metal cylindrical pipe having a thickness of, for example, 8 mm. In the inner lower part of the firebox 1 there is a grate (removable) 2 (Fig. 2-4).

The flue gas duct (flue gas channel) 3 (Fig. 1-4), made in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped, the width of the upper and lower faces of which exceeds the height of the side faces by at least two times. The width of the upper face of the flue gas duct 3 is, for example, 150 mm. The flue gas duct 3, made at a small ascending angle (for example, with an angle of ascent of 10°) in relation to the surface of the firebox 1 towards the chimney 4, is located above the firebox 1 at some distance from it (for example, 150 mm).

The cylindrical flue pipe 4 is inserted into the opening made in the upper edge of the flue duct 3.

On the opposite parallel face of the flue 3 there is a small opening into which the upper end of the vertical tube 5 (Fig. 2, 3) of small diameter is inserted, the lower end of which is inserted into the opening of the firebox 1 (Fig. 1-4), made in its upper surface 13 (Fig. 1-4). The tube 5 (Fig. 2, 3) is intended for the release of a portion of the hot gases into the flue 3 (Fig. 1-4) and the shedding of soot from the chimney 4. The tube 5 (Fig. 2, 3) is coaxial with the chimney 4 (Fig. 1-4). Soot and unburned fuel residues are shed into the firebox 1 through the tube 5 (Fig. 2, 3).

Door 6 (Fig. 1, 3, 4), closing the opening of the firebox 1 (Fig. 1-4), intended for loading firewood (fuel) 27 (Fig. 3), is made on the front (front) wall 7 (Fig. 1, 2, 4) of the stove.

Below the door 6 (Fig. 1, 3, 4) there is a small opening closed by a small door 8 (Fig. 1-3) of the ash pit, which is designed to remove burnt fuel particles through it, as well as to regulate the oxygen supply to the firebox 1 (Fig. 1-4). The door 8 (Fig. 1-3) is located at a level below the grate 2 (Fig. 2-4).

In the rear part of the upper surface 13 (Fig. 1-4) of the firebox 1, one triangular (acute-angled) opening 9 (Fig. 3, 4) is made for the outlet of hot gases into the mixing chamber 10 (Fig. 1-4), located in the rear part of the furnace, above the firebox 1. The acute angle of the triangular opening 9 (Fig. 3, 4) is directed towards the front (front) wall 7 (Fig. 1, 2, 4) of the furnace.

The chamber 10 (Fig. 1-4) for mixing hot gases is formed by the rear wall 11 (Fig. 1, 2, 4) of the furnace, the inclined metal wall 12 (Fig. 1-4) connecting the rear wall 11 (Fig. 1, 2, 4) of the furnace with the upper cylindrical surface 13 (Fig. 1-4) of the firebox 1, as well as the side walls 14, 15 (Fig. 1-4).

Walls 7, 11, 16, 17 (Fig. 1-4), made of sheet metal, form an enclosing casing (housing) 18 of the furnace in the form of a vertically oriented rectangular parallelepiped (for example, 750 mm high) with an open top. The front wall 7 of the furnace has a thickness of, for example, 6 mm, the rear wall 8 - 8 mm, and the side walls 16, 17 - 2.5 mm.

The side walls 16, 17 of the body 1 are attached to the cylindrical side surface 19 (Fig. 2) of the firebox 1 (Fig. 1-4) by means of metal elements 20 (Fig. 1, 2, 4), for example of a cylindrical shape, arranged one after the other with a certain step along the cylindrical side walls 19 (Fig. 2) of the firebox 1 (Fig. 1-4) on both sides. The number of elements 20 (Fig. 1, 2, 4) is, for example, 6 pieces, including 3 pieces located on each side of the firebox 1 (Fig. 1-4).

The convection gaps (air-conducting gaps of air flow convection) 21 (Fig. 1, 4) formed between the side walls of the firebox 1, the side walls 16, 17 of the casing 18 are intended for the passage of hot air from the lower part of the firebox 1 (Fig. 1-4) to the upper part of the stove, located above the firebox 1 and serving as a cavity 22 for the heat-accumulating filler. The air through the convection gaps 21 (Fig. 1, 4) is additionally heated by the flue duct 3 (Fig. 1-4) and the heater 22 (Fig. 1-4), filled with the heat-accumulating filler (stones) 23 (Fig. 2, 3), ensuring convection air exchange in the room.

The cavity for placing (filling) the heat-accumulating filler (heater) 22 (Fig. 1-4) is formed by the walls of the presence 7, 11, 16, 17 of the casing (body) 18 of the furnace, the surface of the firebox 1, the walls 12, 14, 15 (Fig. 1-4) of the mixing chamber 10, the smoke pipe 4, the tube 5 (Fig. 3), the flue 3 (Fig. 1-4).

The furnace is provided with a cylindrical metal tube 24 for burning hot gases, located in the rear part of the furnace: between the side walls 16, 17 of the casing 18 and the side cylindrical wall 19 (Fig. 2) of the firebox 1 (Figs. 1-4). The tube 24 for burning gases is located outside the firebox 6 (Figs. 1, 3, 4) - near the rear wall 11 (Figs. 1, 2, 4) of the casing 18 (Figs. 1-4). The tube 24 for burning gases is made, for example, curved and has a small diameter (10 mm), and its upper part is located in the chamber 10 for mixing hot gases. The tube 24 is an additional channel for supplying air naturally from the lower part of the casing 18 to the mixing chamber 10 (afterburning of hot gases), which facilitates the afterburning of unburned fuel particles contained in the hot gases coming from the furnace 1 to the mixing chamber 10. The hot gases from the mixing chamber 10 then enter the flue duct 3, actively heating it.

The furnace is equipped with a metal tank 25 for heating water, located on brackets 26 (Fig. 3) attached to the outer surface of the rear wall 11 (Fig. 1, 2, 4) of the casing 18 (Fig. 1-4) of the furnace.

The metal stove is designed for multifunctional (universal) use, as it can be used to heat rooms, baths (create steam in saunas), and also for cooking in field (hiking) conditions).

When using the stove for a bath, the heat-accumulating filler 23 (Fig. 2, 3) is placed above the firebox 6 (Fig. 1, 3, 4) to the top of the walls 7, 11, 16, 17 (Fig. 1-4) of the casing 18 (Fig. 1, 2, 4) of the stove. When using the stove for heating a room, the heat-accumulating filler 23 (Fig. 2, 3) can be located in the lower part, under the flue 3 (Fig. 1-4). When using the stove for cooking and heating food, the heat-accumulating filler 23 (Fig. 2, 3) can be located below the flue 3 (Fig. 1-4), or it can be absent.

A stove for camping conditions is made of black metal, for example, St3, and the said stove weighs from 25 kg to 50 kg or more. A stove for tourism is made of stainless steel in a lightweight version, and the stove weighs from 7.5 kg to 12 kg.

When using the proposed device as a camping/tourist stove, food can be heated and cooked on the upper edge (surface) of the flue 3. The presence of a slight slope of the flue 3 does not negatively affect the location of the cookware for cooking (first and second courses, compotes), since the width of the upper edge of the flue is equal to 1/3 of the width of the casing 18 (Figs. 1-4) of the stove, while the flue 3, which is a plate for saucepans, teapots, etc., is attached to the walls 7, 11 (Figs. 1, 2, 4) of the casing 18 (Figs. 1-4) of the stove. Users assemble the heat-accumulating filler 23 (Figs. 2, 3) for the camping stove in places where they are outdoors/on the territory.

The stove can have the following dimensions: 55×45×75 cm (length × width × height) for rooms with a volume of 15 ^m3. The dimensions of the stove can vary depending on the size of the room (or tent).

The diameter of the firebox 1 (Fig. 1-4) can be of different sizes (for example, from 430 to 630 mm) and depends on the size of the stove, the purpose of the stove and the size of the room. The thickness of the wall of the firebox 1 can be from 8 mm to 10 mm and depends on the purpose of the stove.

Heating and cooking food is possible even when using the proposed stove for heating rooms/saunas, since the flat hot surface of the flue 3 allows the contents of the pans to be heated to the temperature required for cooking (up to 100°C).

The proposed device works as follows:

Fuel in the form of firewood (coal, pressed pellets, etc.) 27 (Fig. 3) of a certain size is loaded into the firebox 1 (Fig. 1-4) of the furnace through the door 6 (Fig. 1, 3, 4), placed on the grate 2 (Fig. 2, 3, 4) and ignited.

The heated gases formed during combustion enter the mixing chamber 10 through the triangular opening 9 (Fig. 3, 4) of the firebox 1 (Fig. 1-4), into which air (with oxygen) also enters naturally through the gas afterburning tube 24 from the lower part of the casing 18. When air is supplied to the hot gas mixing chamber 10, afterburning of the unburned parts of the fuel air mixture and additional heat transfer occur.

The stones 23 (Fig. 2, 3) receive their main heat from the upper and side surfaces of the firebox (Fig. 1-4). The heated gases from the lower part of the furnace, rising upward through the convection gaps 21 (Fig. 4), additionally give off heat to the heat-accumulating filler (stones) 23 (Fig. 2, 3) and the walls 7, 11, 16, 17 (Fig. 1-4) of the casing 18 (Fig. 1, 2, 4) of the furnace. The presence of convection gaps 21 allows for uniform heating of the room due to uniform heat exchange of air masses in the internal volume of the room, bathhouse, tent, etc.

The heat-accumulating filler (stones) 23 (Fig. 2, 3) receive heat from the outer surface of the firebox 1 (Fig. 1-4), the surface of the hot gas mixing chamber 10, the surfaces of the flue 3, and the surfaces of the pipes 4, 5.

The most heated rear wall 11 (Fig. 1, 2, 4) of the casing 18 of the furnace gives off heat to the metal tank 25 with water, located on the outer surface of the rear wall 11 (Fig. 1, 2, 4) of the casing 18 (Fig. 1-4) of the furnace.

Regulation of air access to the firebox 1 is carried out by opening the blower door 8 (Fig. 1, 2, 3).

The ash formed during combustion of the fuel falls through the grate 2 (Fig. 2, 3, 4) into the lower part (inner surface) of the firebox 1 (Fig. 1-4) of the furnace and is subsequently removed through the ash ash door 8 (Fig. 1, 2, 3).

The flue duct 3 (Fig. 1-4) and the exhaust pipe 4 are cleaned spontaneously from the soot deposits that enter the firebox 1 through a small opening for the tube 5 (Fig. 2, 3), located in the upper surface of the cylindrical firebox (Fig. 1-4).

In Fig. 3 the arrows show the direction of the hot air flows.

Unlike the prototype, where the lower part of the flue is the upper surface of the firebox, in the proposed technical solution the flue is located above the firebox at some distance from it at a small upward angle to it and is made in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped, where the width of the upper and lower edges exceeds the height of the side edges by at least two times, which allows additional heating of the heat-accumulating filler (stones) due to the use of the lower part of the flue.

Unlike the prototype, the proposed technical solution has a hot gas mixing chamber, where hot gases from the firebox enter through its triangular opening, as well as additional hot air from an additional air supply channel, so there is an effective afterburning of unburned fuel particles in the mixing chamber, which helps to increase the efficiency of the furnace by increasing the surface temperature of the flue, as well as by using a high surface temperature of the mixing chamber, which helps to additionally heat the heat-accumulating filler and water in the water tank, increasing the efficiency of the furnace when heating a room, creating steam in baths (saunas), and cooking in field conditions. The hot gas mixing chamber helps to additionally transfer heat to the stones, walls and flue of the furnace.

The presence of a hot gas mixing chamber in the proposed technical solution also reduces clogging of the flue and smoke (exhaust) pipe with particles of burnt fuel, which ensures ease of maintenance of the furnace by eliminating additional cleaning of the flue and smoke pipe from soot, i.e. no additional door is required on the front surface of the furnace to clean it from soot.

Unlike the prototype, where there are no convection gaps for air access from the bottom of the furnace to the cavity for heat-accumulating loading, in the proposed technical solution, convection air blowing of stones with air is carried out due to the air flowing from the bottom of the furnace through convection gaps into the cavity for heat-accumulating loading, which increases the efficiency of the furnace by heating the air coming from below into the heat-accumulating loading and its convection in the room. Thus, the speed of heating the room increases.

Unlike the prototype, where the cavity for placing the heat-accumulating load (heat-accumulating filler) is formed by the outer surface of the firebox, the chimney, the reflective shields and the enclosing casing of the furnace, in the proposed technical solution, the said cavity is formed by the presence of the walls of the furnace casing, the outer surface of the firebox, the walls of the mixing chamber, the smoke pipe, the tube and the flue, which allows for the most efficient heating of the heat-accumulating load, increasing the efficiency of the furnace due to a larger number of hot elements.

Due to the maximum heating of the thermal load and the presence of a hot (red-hot) flat flue, the latter can be used to cook and heat food.

In the proposed technical solution, the presence of a water heating tank, which is heated from the back wall of the stove, where the water can be heated to boiling point, expands the functionality of the device, since the boiled liquid can be used for various purposes, including for providing drinking regime.

Taken together, all of the above increases the efficiency (COP) of the proposed furnace.

The proposed technical solution is universal and can be adapted to various life situations depending on needs.

The implementation of the proposed utility model allows solving the stated technical problem and ensuring the achievement of the stated technical result.

The proposed technical solution, which has constructive unity, implements a common functional purpose (functional unity).

The prior art does not contain an analogue characterized by features identical to all essential features of the claimed utility model.

The applicant tested the proposed device, which confirmed its purpose, feasibility and operability, and therefore the claimed utility model complies with the patentability requirement of “industrial applicability”.

Claims (5)

1. A metal furnace for solid fuel, comprising a horizontally oriented firebox, a flue gas duct in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped with an opening for a smoke pipe, on the front side of the furnace there is a window with a door for loading fuel and a window with an ash pan door, there is an enclosing casing and a cavity for heat-accumulating filler, characterized in that the flue gas duct is located above the firebox at a distance of 150 mm from it at an ascending angle of 10°, there is a hot gas afterburning tube located in the rear part of the furnace and entering a hot gas mixing chamber formed by the rear wall of the casing, an inclined metal wall connecting the rear wall of the casing with the upper cylindrical surface of the firebox, as well as the side walls of the mixing chamber itself, between the side walls of the firebox and the vertical side walls of the housing there are air duct gaps for the convection of air flows coming from the lower part of the furnace into the cavity for the heat-accumulating load formed by the walls the casing, the surface of the firebox, the walls of the mixing chamber, the flue, the smoke stack, the hot gas outlet and soot shedding tube, which is located between the flue and the firebox so that its lower end is in the opening of the upper surface of the firebox, and its upper end is in the opening of the lower surface of the flue, and the smoke stack and the hot gas outlet and soot shedding tube are coaxial with each other. 2. A furnace according to item 1, characterized in that the flue gas duct, made in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped, has a width of the upper and lower edges that exceeds the height of its side edges by at least two times. 3. A furnace according to item 1, characterized in that the hot gas afterburning tube is curved. 4. A furnace according to item 1, characterized in that the air duct gaps for the convection of air flows are formed between metal elements of cylindrical shape, attached to the cylindrical side walls of the firebox and the side internal walls of the body. 5. The furnace according to item 1, characterized in that there is a tank for heating water, attached to the outer surface of the rear wall of the housing using brackets.

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