RU231214U1 - Mobile water purification device - Google Patents

Abstract

A mobile water purification device relates to the field of purifying water from various sources to drinking water. The mobile water purification device comprises a housing divided into a main compartment and a control compartment. A mechanical purification filter, a pump pump, a reverse osmosis membrane, an ultraviolet lamp, as well as a source water supply hose, a filtrate discharge hose, a concentrate discharge hose are installed in the main compartment, connected in series, wherein the reverse osmosis membrane is connected by a concentrate discharge hose to a flow limiter, wherein the pump pump is connected to a battery located in the control compartment with the possibility of connecting to an external power grid. Technical result: improving the quality of purification. 4 fig.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of water purification from various sources to drinking water.

A number of mobile (portable and portable) installations designed for water purification are known from the state of the art.

There are numerous known methods of water purification using sorbents such as activated carbon, zeolites, etc. Their common disadvantages are low efficiency of water purification from chemical and biological contaminants, as well as pathogenic microorganisms. Due to the strong variability of the initial water pollution, it is almost impossible to control the residual resource of the sorbent. It is also impossible to prevent salvo emissions of toxic substances accumulated on the sorbent into the water. There are also known methods of water purification using sorbents modified with silver. This allows achieving partial disinfection of water, but creates another problem - silver leaching into the filtered water. Silver, as is known, belongs to heavy metals and, according to SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01, belongs to hazard class 2, that is, silver in water is as dangerous as, for example, arsenic, lead, cadmium.

The highest degree of pollutant removal today is provided by membrane water purification technologies (for example, reverse osmosis systems). As a rule, these are multi-stage water purification systems in which water is first passed through a mechanical filter, then through a sorbent layer, and only after that through a membrane.

A number of mobile (portable) installations designed for water purification are known from the state of the art.

A mobile water purification station is known, mounted inside a heated van body installed on a high-cross-country vehicle chassis, containing a series-connected water intake means, a reagent treatment unit, a sorption unit, a membrane filtration system, an ultraviolet unit and a purified water tank, while additionally including a thin-layer settling unit installed in series behind the water intake means (RU Patent 190581 IPC C02F 1/18, C02F 9/04, C02F 9/08 published 04.07.2019). A disadvantage of the known design is the impossibility of its movement and operation without the use of motor vehicles.

There are known methods of water purification in field conditions, implemented by using small-sized filters, in which the purified water is collected and then pumped using a pump onto filter elements of various natures - membranes, ultramembranes, sorbent and ion-exchange backfills, etc.

Devices using this method of water treatment are implemented, for example, in Russian patents No. 2204433, class B01D 35/26 and No. 2271997, class C02F 1/18, as well as in patent for utility model No. 120370, class B01D 35/26, in which the purified water is pumped by a pump built into the filter housing or connected to it. The disadvantages of these devices include slow water filtration and, in some cases, the use of manual force by the consumer to create the required pressure in the device.

The closest analogue was chosen to be a household filter for purifying drinking water (RU patent 51521, published 27.02.2006) due to the similarity of the design. The household filter for purifying drinking water refers to the purification of both prepared and unprepared drinking water for consumers. To improve operational and technical qualities, increase reliability when filtering drinking water, both in household and field conditions, it contains the first flow-through coarse filter connected to the water supply line, connected to a pressure boosting pump protected by a dry-running sensor, which, in turn, is connected to a pressure sensor and a power supply. The pressure boosting pump is connected to the bypass valve, which is connected to the inlet fitting of the second flow-through fine filter, feeding filtered water to the first flow-through, ultrafiltration membrane filter, in which the branch pipe, by means of a flow limiter, diverts unfiltered water into the drainage line, and through the branch pipe the filtrate, purified from high-molecular organics and colloidal particles, is fed to the third flow-through (carbon) filter, and then, having undergone purification from chlorine and low-molecular organics in the flow-through carbon filter, enters the second flow-through, reverse osmosis, membrane filter, producing chemical, i.e. retaining compounds of iron, manganese, ammonia and most of the salts of heavy metals. From it, through the branch pipe connected to the bypass valve, purified water through a tee enters the postfilter, and then to the consumer's tap. Unclaimed drinking water enters the storage tank. The water, not fully purified in the second flow-through, reverse osmosis, membrane filter, is supplied through a branch pipe via a flow limiter to a pressure boosting pump via a tee. It should be noted that this design cannot be used mobile.

The objective of the proposed utility model is to develop a mobile device for purifying water to drinking level, allowing for the purification of water from various sources.

The technical result is an increase in the quality of purification by a mobile water purification device.

The technical result is achieved by a mobile water purification device comprising a housing in which a mechanical purification filter, a pump, a reverse osmosis membrane, a flow limiter, an ultraviolet lamp are installed; a storage battery, a source water supply hose, a filtrate outlet hose, and a concentrate discharge hose.

The mobile water purification device, mounted inside a closing housing, contains a series-connected mechanical purification filter, a pump pump, a reverse osmosis membrane and an ultraviolet lamp. To ensure autonomous operation of the pump pump, a battery is placed in the housing of the mobile water purification device and the mobile water purification device is connected to an external power grid.

Figure 1 shows a mobile water purification device, Figure 2 shows a control compartment of a mobile water purification device,

where 1 is a mechanical cleaning filter;

2 - pump;

3 - reverse osmosis membrane;

4 - flow limiter;

5 - ultraviolet lamp;

6 - charging switch;

7 - switch;

8 - charger;

9 - battery;

10 - set of transport plugs and fittings;

11, 12, 13 - fittings.

14 - source water supply hose;

15 - filtrate outlet hose;

16 - concentrate discharge hose.

The following can be used as water sources for filtration by a mobile water purification device: wells, boreholes, springs, central water supply systems, rivers and other bodies of water used for water intake by water supply organizations.

During the operation of the mobile water purification device, the liquid goes through several stages of purification.

At the first stage, a cartridge made of high-quality primary polypropylene removes mechanical impurities larger than 5 microns (rust, sand, silt and other suspended matter entering with the original liquid).

The second stage of purification is provided by a reverse osmosis membrane. Today, a reverse osmosis membrane is a thin polymer film applied to an inert substrate that is completely permeable to water. The most important property of the membrane is the ability to swell - that is, to react with molecules and bind to them. This process is called hydration. Other substances dissolved in water cannot react with the membrane material, and when water pressure in the water supply is applied to the swollen membrane, only water molecules begin to leak (squeeze out) through the membrane. When water passes through the membrane, the concentration of dissolved substances in front of the membrane increases, and accordingly, the osmotic pressure increases.

If the osmotic pressure equals the pressure in the system, the water flow through the membrane will stop. To prevent this, the concentrate is constantly discharged into the drain. Over the past decades, membrane materials have changed, the most common of which are polyacetate and polyamide reverse osmosis membranes.

Polyacetate or cellulose. The old generation of semipermeable membranes that let through up to 50% of nitrates. The presence of carbon prefiltration does not help in this case, because it also does not "see" nitrates. The cellulose base of polyacetate membranes provoked active reproduction of bacteria.

Polyamide. This type of membrane has become widespread in the last decade, specifically due to its resistance to bio-germination and selectivity of 92-99%. Polyamide 66, which is essentially nylon, is usually used in reverse osmosis systems. This stage removes 90-99% of all impurities, viruses and bacteria, the molecules of which are not able to pass through the membrane layer.

At the third stage, the ultraviolet lamp destroys pathogenic bacterial cultures, viruses and fungi, disinfecting drinking water. Water purification with ultraviolet light is a highly effective method of disinfection without the use of chemical reagents or heat treatment. Radiation with a wavelength of 200-305 nm destroys pathogenic bacterial cultures, viruses and fungi, disinfecting drinking liquid.

Under the influence of UV rays, chemical reactions occur in the structure of DNA molecules, which lead to irreversible damage. Treatment with ultraviolet light causes the destruction of the structures of cytoplasmic membranes and protective cell membranes, as a result of which pathogenic microflora dies.

The bactericidal effect of using UV installations directly depends on the exposure time, as well as the intensity of the radiation.

Water purification with ultraviolet is an absolutely safe and economical method of disinfection. UV installations are used to disinfect water from artesian wells and boreholes, as well as to treat water that comes from city mains. Ultraviolet rays quickly neutralize dangerous microorganisms, leaving no secondary products in the liquid.

Benefits of water purification with ultraviolet radiation:

- Effective against all types of pathogenic microflora, including spore-forming and vegetative bacteria;

- Environmental safety of the reagent-free method;

- No changes in the chemical composition and taste of water;

- Easy to use and maintain UV installations;

- Minimum operating costs;

- Optimal quality-price ratio.

The fourth stage of purification occurs with the help of a carbon post-filter. The carbon post-filter is an absorbent and restorer of pH acidity to a neutral level. This stage also neutralizes excess soluble gases, thereby increasing the degree of water purification.

The result achieved by the claimed device is the creation of a mobile device for purifying water taken from any water supply source to a level that meets sanitary standards.

Fig. 1 shows a diagram of a mobile device for water purification.

A mobile water purification device mounted inside a closing housing (not shown in Fig. 1) contains a mechanical cleaning filter 1 connected to a water supply hose 14, a pump 2 connected to a battery (not shown in Fig. 1) or to an external network, a reverse osmosis membrane 3, a flow limiter 4 and an ultraviolet lamp 5 connected by hoses 15 and 16 to the reverse osmosis membrane 3.

The body of the mobile water purification device is divided into the main compartment and the control compartment. In the control compartment there is a charging switch 6 of the battery 9, a switch 7 of the mobile water purification device, a charger 8, a set of transport plugs and fittings 10, fittings 11, 12, 13

To turn on the device, switch 7 must be set to the "On" position, and to turn it off, switch 7 to the "Off" position. Charging switch 6 serves to supply electric voltage to the storage battery 9 in the "Checker On" position for charging it and to turn it off in the "Checker Off" position when it reaches full charge, which is indicated by the charger indicator 8.

The hoses are connected to the fittings using locking clips, preventing accidental disconnection of the hoses. Purified water is supplied to the fitting 11 via the attached hose 15, hose 16 is connected to the fitting 12, through which the retentate not used by the consumer is drained. Technical water to be purified is supplied to the mobile water purification device via fitting 13 and hose 14 attached to it.

The filtered water can be supplied to the mobile water purification device by means of the pump 2, which creates sufficient pressure to draw liquid from an open source.

The claimed mobile water purification device operates as follows. Hose 14 is immersed in a container with filtered water, which under pressure created by pump 2 is fed to mechanical purification filter 1, in which water is purified from mechanical impurities with a particle size of more than 5 microns. Then, through pump 2, water enters through hose 14 into reverse osmosis membrane 3, in which purification occurs with the removal of 90-99% of all impurities, viruses and bacteria, the molecules of which are not able to pass the membrane layer. During the process of water purification in the reverse osmosis membrane 3, it is divided into purified water (permeate), supplied through hose 15 to ultraviolet lamp 5, which destroys pathogenic bacterial cultures, viruses and fungi, disinfecting drinking water, and then to the consumer, as well as waste water (retentate), removed from the mobile water purification device through hose 16 with flow limiter 4.

Figures 3 and 4 show a prototype of the device.

Wastewater generated as a result of the water purification system is not suitable for any purpose, including washing for household and domestic purposes. Wastewater is a concentrate of all harmful impurities removed from the filtered liquid.

The device can also operate with an electric power source. For this device, the power source is a network connection via a power supply unit, which is included in the kit, and a Li-ion battery.

To charge the battery, connect the mobile water purification device to a 220 V, 50 Hz power grid. The battery is fully charged using the color indicator.

Scope of application.

Due to the high filtration rate, the mobile water purification device can be used to provide drinking water both for an individual consumer and for a group of people, providing a productivity of 60 l/h. Such productivity, with an average daily human consumption of 3 l of water, is capable of providing a fairly large group of people with purified water for drinking according to SanPiN 1.2.3685-21 "Hygienic standards and requirements for ensuring the safety and (or) harmlessness of environmental factors for humans".

Although various sources (wells, boreholes, springs, central water supply, rivers and other bodies of water used for water intake by water supply organizations) can be used as water sources for filtration by a mobile water purification device, it should be taken into account that the initial degree of contamination of the filtered water affects the service life of the replaceable cartridges.

Claims (1)

A mobile device for water purification, comprising a housing divided into a main compartment and a control compartment, wherein a mechanical cleaning filter, a pump pump, a reverse osmosis membrane, an ultraviolet lamp, as well as a source water supply hose, a filtrate outlet hose, a concentrate discharge hose are installed in the main compartment, all connected in series, wherein the reverse osmosis membrane is connected by a concentrate discharge hose to a flow limiter, wherein the pump pump is connected to a battery located in the control compartment with the possibility of connection to an external power grid.