RU2310316C2 - Method for storage of agricultural products under anaerobic conditions and apparatus for performing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, storage of agricultural products such as grain.

SUBSTANCE: method involves localizing grain mass over storage volume except for space above grain. Apparatus has container made from soft material and provided with cover, water and gas-permeable insert, bottom, and upper straps. There is hose for attachment of water and gas-permeable insert provided in container bottom. Container body is equipped with product discharge lower straps and is fixed in carcass by means of upper straps. Carcass is open at its one side, and is provided with eyelets for container holders, clip with handle for imparting rigidity to carcass during filling of container, and wheels for movement.

EFFECT: reduced product losses due to molding during storage and usage of agricultural products, in particular wet forage grain, with the use of soft compact containers.

3 cl, 2 dwg, 1 ex

Description

The proposed method relates to the storage technology of agricultural products, mainly grain.

Storage of grain masses without access to air is almost the only way that eliminates the need for thermal drying in grain dryers.

It is known that when grain is stored under anaerobic conditions, oxygen is replaced by carbon dioxide and the possibility of self-heating and moldiness and the associated damage to stored products, which are recorded by means of control during storage, is excluded. The rate of substitution increases with increasing grain moisture [1, p. 34] and is described by the following formula

СО ₂ = -0.57W ² + 31.74W - 331.25.

Thus, an atmosphere saturated with carbon dioxide is created in the product medium. As a result, the death of microorganisms and insects occurs at various stages of development, grain preservation is ensured during long-term storage, and rodents are scared away from grain.

A known method of storing agricultural products, mainly grain, including laying in an airtight storage and periodic treatment with an insecticide, by pumping recirculated air through a container with propionic acid [4].

This makes it possible to increase the safety of agricultural products, in particular grain, but sophisticated equipment is required and it becomes possible to influence the used gases with the possible poisoning of people in the process of servicing the storage and processing of processed products.

Closest to the proposed invention is a method of localizing the grain mass by storage volume in polyethylene film sleeves and containers [5]. At the same time, the grain mass is treated with a preservative, which creates an artificial aggressive storage medium. The named method of localization in sealed conditions involves storage in an artificial aggressive environment and does not involve anaerobic respiration.

For storage of grain in anaerobic conditions, metal silos of small and large capacity or trenches are used. The most rapid onset of an oxygen-free state is achieved by their full load, in which there is completely or almost completely no supergrain space. For the unloading of grain from them, special devices are used that ensure the preservation of storage conditions. In addition, as is known [2, p.276] for the preservation of grain after unloading from pressurized storages or opening a trench, it must be used in a short time to avoid moldiness. For this reason, with a small daily consumption of grain, it is recommended to arrange separate sections in trenches.

Known universal complex for storing biological objects in a controlled gas environment (CO ₂ , O ₂ , N ₂ ), in particular during container storage of fruits [3].

A device for storing agricultural products in airtight conditions, containing a soft container with a lid, a water-tight liner and a bottom in the form of petals, providing tightness when tightened with a rope element, while the container body has upper slings for loading, transportation and storage [6].

The known device is difficult to manufacture and assemble the bottom before loading. In addition, sufficient safety precautions are not provided when unloading the container, as when untying the cord tightening the bottom petals, the operator should be near the container.

The objective of the invention is to reduce losses from mold during storage and use of agricultural products, such as wet feed grain, with a natural change in the gas environment and using soft compact containers.

To obtain such a technical result, the proposed method for storing agricultural products under anaerobic conditions, for example, wet feed grain, localizes the grain mass with the most complete exclusion of supergrain space, squeezing the air to the fill level. This contributes to the rapid replacement of oxygen by carbon dioxide.

To achieve the named technical result, we offer a device that, like the one closest to it [6], contains a soft container with a lid, a water-tight liner, a bottom and upper slings. The proposed device differs from the proposed one in that a sleeve is installed in the bottom of the container body for securing the water-tight liner, the container body having lower slings for unloading products and installed in the frame by means of upper slings.

This eliminates the need to use complex unloading devices of grain from silos, preservatives toxic to humans, gases and expensive devices for their introduction and pumping, as well as expensive materials for the construction of stationary and other pressurized grain stores with the necessary sophisticated equipment for loading and unloading.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

figure 1 - a container for storing grain;

figure 2 - frame for installing the container.

The proposed method is carried out in the following sequence: agricultural products, for example wet feed grain, are loaded into a soft container with the most complete exclusion of grain space.

The container for storing agricultural products (figure 1) contains a housing 1 with a cover 2, a liner 3, a sleeve 4, upper slings 5 for securing the container, lower slings 6 for unloading products. The container is installed in the frame 7 (figure 2) with eyes 8 for installing the L-shaped holders 9, bracket 10, handle 11, wheels 12.

Example.

Agricultural products, preferably grain, or other, for which the drying during storage is insignificant and does not affect the reduction of its quality, is loaded into prepared soft compact containers of small capacity. To prepare the container for loading, a replaceable water-, gas-tight liner 3 (Fig. 1) is compressed in the lower part, inserted into the housing and fixed in the sleeve 4 of the container. The container thus prepared is strengthened by the upper slings 5 on the holders 9 of the frame 7 (Fig. 2) and load. After loading the volume of the liner with grain, it is compressed in the upper part, removing air to the level of filling the container (Fig. 1), closed with a lid 2, remove the bracket 10 for the handle 11 from the frame 7 (Fig. 2) and slide the holders 9 out of the slings 5 of the container for its release and storage. Unloading of grain from the container to prepare it for feeding occurs after opening the lid 2 of the container body and opening the upper part of the liner 3. The container is unloaded by the lifting mechanism by turning it over the lower slings 6. At the same time, the containers and liners are reused. Liners can be replaced if they are damaged during unloading. The unloaded feed grain after storage in soft, low-capacity compact containers can be used both for crushing and crushing, depending on the accepted technology of feeding animals.

A device for securing a soft container before loading can be used when loading containers with grain both at stationary grain storage sites and directly from the combine in the process of harvesting crops. In the latter case, the device is placed in the back of a car carrying containers.

Storage of grain products, preferably wet feed grain, in soft, low-weight compact containers contributes to the most complete exclusion of supergrain space and the rapid replacement of oxygen by carbon dioxide during storage. This allows you to reduce the loss of grain from mold during storage and use it in a short time, since the minimum number of unloaded containers with grain is determined by the daily needs of grain for feeding. All remaining containers with grain are stored without changing storage conditions.

An experimental check showed that under the described conditions during the six-month storage of grain, its microbiological damage, insects, rodents and their waste products are not detected. In this case, containers with a capacity of 0.9 m ^{3 were used} .

Information sources

1. Yu.P. Sekanov et al. Changes in the properties of wheat grains during storage under anaerobic conditions. Technique in agriculture. No. 2, 2004.

2. L.A. Trisvyatsky. Grain storage. M .: Kolos, 1975, 399 p.

3. RU 2007903, cl. C1 A01F 25/00, 02/28/94.

4. RU 2084115, cl. C1 A01F 25/00, 07.20.97.

5. Yu.G. Dubov et al. Economic efficiency of cleaning and storage of wet feed grain. J. "Feed Production". 2005, No. 2, p. 26-28.

6. RF patent No. 2228287, cl. B65D 88/22, 05/10/2004.

Claims (3)

1. The method of storage of agricultural products in anaerobic conditions, characterized in that they localize the grain mass by storage volume, excluding supernatal space. 2. A device for storing agricultural products under anaerobic conditions, containing a soft container with a lid, a water-tight liner, a bottom and upper slings, characterized in that a sleeve is installed at the bottom of the container to secure the water-tight liner, and the container body is equipped with lower slings for unloading products and is installed in the frame through the upper slings. 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the frame is open on one side, has eyes for container holders, a bracket with a handle to provide rigidity to the frame when filling the container and wheels for movement.

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