RU2300001C2 - Cylindrical eccentric internal combustion rotary engine (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; rotary internal combustion engines.

SUBSTANCE: proposed cylindrical eccentric internal combustion rotary engine contains supercharger and energy converter made in from of stator cylinder which eccentrically accommodates cylinder of rotor with slots in which blades are fitted. According to first design version, engine is furnished with crowns connected with blades by brace. Blades and crowns have cylindrical contact surfaces being installed for turning relative to each other. Crowns are provided with legs with lugs and sector by means of which crown rests on stator axle secured in center of stator cylinder and rotates on said axle, all crowns being united on stator axle by clamping rings taking up centrifugal forces transmitted to them through sectors. According to second design version, blades are provided with braces, axles, springs and flanges on which roller is installed. Engine is furnished with clamping ring rotating together with blades. Said is secured on roller of one of blades and taken up centrifugal forces acting on blades at rotation of rotor.

EFFECT: increased efficiency and economy of engine.

7 cl, 24 dwg

Description

The invention relates to engine building, in particular to rotary internal combustion engines, and can be used as an engine in various machines and assemblies.

The invention is called “Cylindrical eccentric rotary internal combustion engine (CERDV or CERD)” because its main mechanism is an energy converter, consists of two cylinders of different diameters, eccentrically located in one another. Its power element (propulsion) is a cylinder rotating around its axis. Therefore, it is called rotary. In the engine, the energy of the compressed gases obtained from burning fuel is converted into rotational energy of the rotor, which is why the engine is called an internal combustion engine.

For the operation of the DECs, air and fuel used for internal combustion engines are required.

Separately cylindrical eccentric mechanisms can be used as gas and liquid pumps.

The closest analogue of this invention is a rotary internal combustion engine containing a supercharger, a stator cylinder, a rotor with blades (see WO 03/056156, publ. 10.07.2003).

The aim of the invention is to improve the energy and economic characteristics of an internal combustion engine.

The specified goal can be achieved thanks to two variants of the engine.

Option 1.

A cylindrical eccentric rotary internal combustion engine comprising a supercharger and an energy converter, made in the form of a stator cylinder, in which the rotor cylinder is eccentrically located with grooves in which the blades are inserted, according to the invention it is equipped with crowns pulled together with scapular blades, while the blades and crowns have cylindrical contact surfaces with the possibility of rotation relative to each other, the crowns have legs with paws and a sector whereby the crown rests on the stator axis, mounted in the center of the stator cylinder, and rotates on the axis, and all the crowns are combined on the stator axis by tightening rings, perceiving centrifugal forces transmitted to them through the sectors. The legs of the crown can pass through the cutouts in the scapula. The crown legs can have right and left threads on one side to achieve contact of the required crown density with the inner surface of the stator due to rotation of the leg. To reduce friction between the contact surfaces of the blade and crown, cylindrical rollers can be arranged.

Option 2

A cylindrical eccentric rotary internal combustion engine comprising a supercharger and an energy converter, made in the form of a fixed stator cylinder, around which a rotor eccentrically arranged stator cylinder rotates with blades made in the form of sliders, according to the invention, the blades are equipped with couplers, axles, springs and shelves, of which the roller is installed, while the engine is equipped with a tightening ring rotating together with the blades, mounted on the roller of one of the blades and centrifugal forces acting on the blades during rotation of the rotor. The stator can have landing splined belts, locking covers on the stator from turning. Devices for ignition of the working mixture can be installed in the covers.

In a cylindrical eccentric rotary engine, the energy of compressed gases is converted into rotational energy of the rotor. The engine uses the phenomenon of changes in the distance between the walls of the cylinders of large and smaller diameters, eccentrically located in one another. If we divide the space between the cylinders of the blades (Fig. 1) into several sectors (in our case, four) and rotate one cylinder, call it a rotor, together with the blades relative to another, call it a stator, then the volume of each sector will change from minimum to maximum . If the space between the cylinders from the ends is closed with caps, and in position I, gas is injected into the sector under pressure P _i , then in the position I + Δφ this gas will act on the blade with a large reach h and rotate the rotor towards this blade to position III. Thus, the energy of gas pressure is converted into the energy of rotation of the rotor. The following graphic materials are presented in the application.

Drawings illustrating the invention:

figure 1 - the principle of operation of the energy Converter CERD;

figure 2 - diagram of the DEC with a mixer;

figure 3 is a diagram of a diesel DEC;

4 is a diagram of an energy converter with an external rotor;

5 is a diagram of an energy converter with an internal rotor;

6 is a structural diagram of a DEC with an internal rotor;

Fig.7 is a structural diagram of the DEC with an external rotor;

Fig - energy Converter with an internal rotor;

Fig.9 is a stator;

figure 10 - rotor;

11 - rotor, section AA rotated by 45 °;

Fig - rotor, view A;

Fig.13 is a blade;

Fig.14 - crown;

Fig.15 - crown;

Fig.16 - crown assembly;

Fig - scheme of the crown;

Fig. 18 - neutralization of centrifugal forces;

Fig. 19 is a schematic diagram of an energy converter of a central electric propulsion system with an external rotor;

Fig.20 is a stator;

Fig - rotor with a cover;

Fig.22 is a cover;

FIG. 23 is a diagram of an output shaft output in a central heating engine with an external rotor; FIG.

24 is a slider with a blade assembly.

Designations:

H - supercharger;

P - energy converter;

C is a mixer;

O ₁ is the center of rotation of the stator;

O ₂ - the center of rotation of the rotor;

R is the radius of the larger cylinder;

r is the radius of the smaller cylinder;

h - the departure of the scapula; h _l - the left shoulder blade, h _p - the right shoulder blade;

ΔF is the force acting on the blade due to gas pressure;

k is the shoulder of the force ΔF;

Δφ is the angle of rotation of the rotor;

I, II, III, IV - sectors;

P ₁ , P ₂ , P ₃ - gas pressure in the cavity of the sector;

F _CB - centrifugal force acting on the blade;

N is the reaction force of the support.

1 - stator;

2 - rotor;

3 - cover;

4 - scapula;

5 - the base of the engine;

6 - output shaft;

7 - gears;

8 - crown;

9 - axis of the converter;

10 - incendiary device;

11 - outlet window;

12 - purge window;

13 - discharge window;

14 - half-rotor;

15 - a tightening bolt;

16 - calibrated sleeve;

17 - grooves under the scapula;

18 - working belt;

19 - a sealing belt;

20 - slotted belt;

21 - shank;

22 - pillow block bearing;

23 - consolidation;

24 - the base of the scapula;

25 - working plate;

26 - a support plate;

27 - cutout for crown leg;

28 - blade cover;

29 - contact plate of the scapula;

30 - rollers;

31 - hole for the coupler;

32 - screed;

33 - a lock-nut;

34 - nut;

35 - crown leg;

36 - crown foot;

37 - a tightening ring;

38 - side cover;

39 - contact plate of the crown;

40 - pendulum;

41 - crown head;

42 - screed;

43 - a lock nut;

44 - sector of the crown;

45 - leg nest;

46 - the lodgement of the pendulum;

47 - axis of the pendulum;

48 - overlay;

49 - a lock ring;

50 - crown sector rollers;

51 - screw securing the head;

52 - slider;

53 - spring;

54 - stator mounting belt;

55 - shoulder of the rotor;

56 - shelf;

57 - roller;

58 - splined connection;

59 - adapter;

60 - shaft bearing.

The engine consists of a supercharger H and an energy converter P. Figure 2 shows a diagram of such an engine. Supercharger H pumps air into mixer C. The mixture obtained in the mixer enters the energy converter. A variant is possible in which fuel (gasoline) is injected into the injection cavity by nozzles, which will be located behind the discharge window. With a diesel engine (Fig. 3), only air is pumped into the energy converter, and fuel is injected into the working cavity at high pressure. And the supercharger, and the converter and all other parts are mounted on the base 5 of the engine. The shaft 4 leaves the engine, which transmits the torque to the consumer.

The energy Converter (Fig.4, 5, 8) is the main mechanism in the engine. It is designed to compress and burn the working mixture injected into it by a supercharger in gasoline engines, or to compress the air injected into it and fuel injection in diesel engines, and to convert the resulting heat energy and gas pressure into rotor rotation energy.

Its main components are stator 1 and rotor 2. The converter cylinders are the stator and rotor. The stator, as well as the rotor, can be a cylinder of either larger or smaller diameter.

4, 8 schematically shows an energy converter, the rotor of which is a smaller cylinder. In the energy converter, the rotor 2 with the blades 4 is placed in the stator 1. The space between the stator and the rotor at the ends of the stator is closed by the stator covers 3. At the base of the engine 5, the axis of the converter 9 is fastened inextensibly.

The stator (Fig.9) is the basis for all parts and mechanisms of the Converter. In the present engine, the stator 1 is a cylinder of a larger diameter, in the center of which the axis of the transducer 9 is fastened in the base 5. The space between the stator and the rotor is closed by the stator covers 3. The covers seal the working space of the energy converter and serve as a support for the rotor. There are windows in the stator covers: outlet 11, purge 12 and discharge 13. If the energy converter is so long that it is difficult to supply air and the mixture of the converter through windows in the covers only, the above-mentioned windows must be made in the stator body. This is shown in FIG. 6. Numbers 11, 12, 13 denote respectively exhaust, purge and discharge windows made in the stator body.

Stator covers seal the working belt of the converter. The working belt of the converter is the space in which the working process takes place, and the surfaces entering it. In the stator covers are also placed bearings 22 of the rotor.

The rotor (Fig. 10, 11, 12) converts the forces received from the blades at the moment of rotation and transfers this moment of rotation to the gearbox and further, through the output shaft 6, to the consumer. It consists of two half-rotors 14 connected by tightening bolts 15 and calibrated bushings 16. In the body of the rotor grooves 17 for blades are made. The part of the rotor where the slots for the blades are made is directly involved in the conversion of energy. It is called the working belt of the rotor 18. The working belt is followed by a sealing belt 19, on which the thrust bearing 22, the rotor, and also the sealing elements 23 are located. Next, there is a splined belt 20, on which the gears of the rotor and the eccentric of the pump nozzles are located. The rotor ends with a shank 21, which rotates in the motor housing. The blade (Fig.13) is designed to transfer forces to the rotor obtained from gas pressure. It is a rectangular parallelepiped, one of the sides of which is a concave cylindrical surface, a semicylinder. This surface is in constant contact with the crown and is called the contact plate of the crown 29. The caps 28 are closed from the ends of the blades. The base 24 of the blades can be any structure with sufficient bending stiffness and minimal weight. In the drawing, this is a structure of tubular elements welded in a row between each other. On the basis of the mounting plates 25 are made of heat-resistant and wear-resistant material. Two sections of rollers 30 are installed on the cylindrical surface of the blade 29, through which the blade contacts the crown. Through the cutouts 27 in the scapula are the legs of the crown. The holes 31 are used for screeds 32. In the lower part of the blade there is a support plate 26, which includes screeds. Using nuts 34 and locknuts 33, the necessary contact is established between the blade 4 and the crown 8. The crown (Fig. 14, 15, 16) receives the centrifugal forces (Fig. 17, 18) acting on the blade during rotation of the rotor, provides the necessary contact density with the inner surface of the stator and protects the inner surface of the stator from premature wear, and the motor from lowering the efficiency. The crown consists of the following elements. Crown 8 - 1 pc. Crown leg 35 - 2 pcs. Crown foot 36 - 2 pcs. The tightening ring 37 - 4 pieces. Side cover 38 - 2 pcs. Contact plate 39 - 1 pc. Pendulum crowns 40 - 1 pc. Crown head 41 - 1 pc. Screed 42 - 3 pcs.

Locknut 43 - 4 pcs. Crown sector 44 - 2 pcs. Leg socket 45 - 4 pcs. The lodgement of the axis of the pendulum 46 - 1 pc. Pendulum axis 47 - 1 pc. Cover plate 48 - 1 pc. Circlip 49 - 4 pcs. Head fixing screws 50 - 12 pcs. The crown 8 with its paws 36 through the sector of the crown 44 abuts against the axis 9 of the Converter, located in the center of rotation O ₁ . In the nests of the legs 45, available on the legs and the crown, the legs of the crown 35 are screwed, having on one side the right and left threads. By rotating the legs in one or the other direction, it is possible to achieve contact of the required density between the crown and the inner surface of the stator. A scapula is attached to the crown using screeds 42. The blade and crown have cylindrical contact surfaces 39; the scapula is concave, the crown is convex. To reduce the friction force between these surfaces are cylindrical rollers 30 connected in two sections. In the process, the blade and crown when turning relative to each other simply ride these rollers. The pendulum of the crown 40, to which the couplers belong, has an axis 47, which rotates on its lodgement 46 located in the crown. The axis is closed by a cover plate 48 at the top. The crown is crowned with the head of the crown 41, which is fastened to it with screws 51. All the crowns are connected on the axis by tightening rings 37, which absorb the centrifugal forces F _cb transmitted to them through the sectors of the crowns 44. The tightening rings are kept from axial displacement by the retaining rings 49. To reduce friction between the surfaces of the sector and the tightening ring, rollers 50 are provided.

The supercharger can be of any type. The supercharger provides air purging of the working cavity of the converter from the exhaust gases, preparing the working mixture of the required quality, in the required quantities, pumping the mixture or air into the energy converter in the required quantity.

On the basis of 5 are placed and fastened the nodes and mechanisms of the engine, as well as nodes for mounting the engine in the unit in which this engine will work. Gears 7 are used to transmit the torque from the rotor to other units and engine mechanisms, including the output shaft 6. Output shaft 6 is used to transmit the torque generated in the engine to the consumer. A consumer can be a car transmission, an electric generator, and more.

CERD with an internal rotor operates as follows. The rotor 2 rotates in the stator 1. The rotor is a cylinder of smaller diameter, having grooves located along the axis normal to it. Blades 4 are inserted into the grooves of the rotor, having the ability to move normally in these grooves to the axis of the blade. The covers of the transducer 3, the inner surface of the stator cylinder and the outer surface of the rotor cylinder form cavities. There are four cavities in the engine. When the rotor is rotated (Fig. 1), the volume of the cavity changes from V = V ₀ . to V = V ₃ , and vice versa. When the cavity is in position IV, the working mixture enters the energy converter from the mixer (discharge cycle). When the rotor turns from position IV to position I, the volume of the cavity will decrease from V = V ₄ to V = V ₀ , - the working mixture is compressed (compression cycle). When the cavity reaches the position I + Δφ, ignition of the working mixture occurs. The working mixture is ignited using an incendiary device 10. If diesel fuel is used in the engine, in position IV the cavities are filled with air, and in position I + Δφ fuel is injected. The fuel ignites when it comes into contact with compressed air. Compressed gas obtained as a result of ignition of the working mixture, or fuel, acts on the blades. The blades rotate the rotor. The rotor rotates, the volume of the cavity increases, the pressure in the cavity drops. There is a working stroke. The moment of rotation of the rotor (Fig.6) through gears 7 is transmitted to the output shaft 6 of the engine. In position III, exhaust ports are provided in the stator covers to which exhaust gases exit. When the cavity reaches position III, there is an emission of combustion products (exhaust). Thus, a complete four-stroke cycle of the internal combustion engine was obtained. And such a cycle goes through each of the transducer cavities in one revolution of the rotor.

To effectively relieve exhaust gases and create conditions for the rotation of the rotor (Fig. 9), a purge window 12 is located immediately behind the exhaust window 11. A supercharger pumps air into the main line. A purge line branches off from this line, supplying air to the purge window 12. The air injected into the cavity creates an overpressure zone behind the outlet window. The exhaust gases, encountering this obstacle, do not penetrate further into the cavity, and supported by the blade on one side and pressure air on the other hand, will exit into the exhaust window 11. The air pressure in the purge window must be sufficient to prevent the penetration of exhaust gases into the cavity, but not too large so that as little air as possible escapes into the exhaust window. With an increase in the rotor speed, the centrifugal force acting on the blade also increases, and hence the friction force between the blade and the inner surface of the stator, which leads to premature wear of the contacting surfaces and a drop in engine efficiency. Therefore, vane engines, despite all their advantages, are not widely used. To avoid this phenomenon, crowns are provided in the engine.

The crown (Figs. 14, 15, 16) is, in principle, a bracket surrounding the scapula. With its legs 35, the crown rests on the axis of the transducer 9 and, pressed to this axis by the tightening rings 37, rotates on it. The cylindrical contact surface 39 between the blade and the crown allows them to rotate relative to each other at the required angle (approximately 11 °), and using the axis of the pendulum 47 and couplers 32, which are integral with the axis of the pendulum, the required contact density of the blade with the crown is achieved. The height of the crown is equal to the radius of the stator. The crown guides the blade along the path of the stator radius, providing the entire system with the necessary contact density, avoiding the manifestation of centrifugal forces, by increasing the friction force between the crown-blade system and the inner surface of the stator. The tightening rings 37 (Fig.17, 18) combine the legs of all the crowns. They take on all the centrifugal loads acting on the blade and crown. Centrifugal forces are approximately the same and are directed approximately in opposite directions. The resulting force will be relatively small. It will act on the stator axis, fixed by extension in the base of the engine, and through this axis on the base of the motor.

Consider a variant of an engine in which a cylinder of a larger diameter serves as the rotor in the energy converter. The motor circuit is the same as that of a motor with a rotor inside the stator. The mechanism for obtaining torque remains the same (figure 5): two cylinders of different diameters 1 and 2 eccentrically located in one another and between the walls of the blade 4, rotating with one of the cylinders. That is, the engine belongs to the class of TsERDVS, but in the presented version the cylinder of smaller diameter is fixed motionless and is the stator 1, around which, with the center of rotation О ₂ , together with the blades rotates the cylinder of larger diameter, which is the rotor 2. In this case, there is no need for crowns , but there was a need for another element of the scapula, which can be called a slider.

An energy converter with an external rotor can be used both as an integral part of the TsERDVS, and as all kinds of pumps and superchargers. 7 shows a diagram of an engine in which a larger cylinder is the rotor in the energy converter. The base of the engine is its base 5. All components and parts are mounted on it, and with the help of the mounting units of the base, the engine is attached to the unit. The energy converter (Fig. 19) consists of the following parts: 1 - stator, 2 - rotor, 4 - blades, 7 - rotor gears, 52 - slider, 37 - tightening ring, 10 - nozzle or spark plug.

The stator (Fig.25) is the base of the transducer on which the transducer parts are fastened and around which. The stator itself is mounted at the base of the engine.

The stator is made in the form of a hollow cylinder, on which are placed: a fastening belt 54, a seat belt for the cover (slotted) belt 20, a working belt 18. Through the stator body, through grooves are made, which serve as windows for pumping the working mixture 13 and windows for pumping air (purge windows ) 12. In the landing belt for the cover there is a slotted belt 20. With this belt, the cover is locked on the stator from scrolling. Inside the stator, there is a stator cooling jacket, as well as supercharging lines with the working mixture and a blowing line with air. Thus, the transducer cavities are filled with the working mixture and blown with air not only through the windows in the covers, but also through the stator windows.

The rotor (Fig. 21) senses forces from the blades, converts these forces at the moment of rotation and transfers it through gears 7 to the output shaft 6 and to other engine assemblies. The rotor 2 is a hollow cylinder in which rectangular holes 17 are made to accommodate the vanes of the blades. To the left and right of the blades are the shoulders of the rotor 55, the inner surface of which is a sealing belt 20 of the rotor with a cover, and the gears of the rotor 7 are installed on the outer surface.

The cover of the energy converter is shown in FIG. The energy converter has two covers. They close from the ends the working space of the converter. The covers are made of windows for the converter lines; exhaust port 11 for exhaust gas, purge port 12, discharge port 13. In addition, devices for igniting the working mixture 10 are placed in the caps. The caps seal the working zones of the energy converter.

On Fig. Shovel is shown assembled together with a slider. In the presented engine there are four of them. The blade serves to absorb the forces from the compressed gas and transfer them to the rotor. The blade consists of the base of the blade 24, the slider 51, the pendulum 40, which in turn consists of couplers 32 and the axis 47, springs 53 - 2 pcs., A shelf 56, on which the roller 57 is mounted. Centrifugal forces acting on the blades when the rotor rotates, perceives a tightening ring 37, mounted on the roller of one of the blades, rotating with the blades. From the ends of the blades are closed by covers 28.

The slider 51 is the connecting link between the blade and the working surface of the rotor.

On Fig shows a diagram of a Converter with an external rotor, the output shaft of which through an adapter 59 connected to the rotor by a spline connection 58, through a support bearing 60 goes to the consumer. This is a connection diagram without the use of gears to transmit torque to the consumer.

DAC can be both gasoline and diesel. Gasoline engines can be either carbureted or fuel injection engines. By the number of blades - three-blade and beyond. By the number of converters - single-chamber and multi-chamber. By location - with a parallel arrangement of superchargers with respect to the converter and a sequential arrangement of superchargers.

With the introduction of a cylindrical eccentric rotary blade energy converter (CERLP), engine efficiency has increased, and consequently, economic indicators have improved. Efficiency of one blade of a four-blade TsERD will be greater than the efficiency of the piston of the piston engine by approximately 14.9%. The efficiency of the blades of the three-bladed CERD is 33.8% higher than the efficiency of the piston of the piston engine. A four-blade engine is more economical than a piston engine by about 12.6%. The three-blade DECR is 25.1% more economical than a piston engine. The introduction of a supercharger leads to an increase in engine power. So, a three-blade engine having a volume of the combustion chamber equal to the volume of the combustion chamber of a piston engine is twice as powerful as this engine and much smaller.

Calculations show that the DEC is the most efficient engine, but all these advantages will not have an effect due to the fact that centrifugal forces acting on the blades press them to the stator surface. This leads to an increase in the friction forces between the surfaces of the blades and the stator, as a result of which the engine efficiency decreases, and the friction surfaces wear out. This disadvantage of vane engines negates all their advantages, so rotary vane engines are not widely used. However, the introduction of crowns will neutralize the action of centrifugal forces. The use of rollers in the place of contact of the crown with the blade and the sector of the crown with a tightening ring will reduce friction losses. These design innovations will make it possible to take full advantage of the DECs and lead to both an increase in efficiency and an increase in engine efficiency.

Claims (7)

1. A cylindrical eccentric rotary internal combustion engine containing a supercharger and an energy converter, made in the form of a stator cylinder, in which the rotor cylinder is eccentrically located with grooves in which the blades are inserted, characterized in that it is equipped with crowns pulled together with scapular blades, while the blades and crowns have cylindrical contact surfaces with the possibility of rotation relative to each other, the crowns have legs with paws and a sector by which the crown rests on the stator axis, akreplennuyu in the center of the stator cylinder, and rotates on an axis, and all bits are combined on the stator axis by tightening rings, perceiving centrifugal forces transmitted to them through the sectors. 2. A cylindrical eccentric rotary engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the crown legs pass through cutouts in the blade. 3. The cylindrical eccentric rotary motor according to claim 1, characterized in that the crown legs have a right and left thread on one side to achieve contact of the required crown density with the inner surface of the stator due to rotation of the leg. 4. A cylindrical eccentric rotary engine according to claim 1, characterized in that cylindrical rollers are located to reduce friction between the contact surfaces of the blade and crown. 5. A cylindrical eccentric rotary internal combustion engine containing a supercharger and an energy converter, made in the form of a fixed stator cylinder, around which a rotor cylinder eccentric to the stator rotates with blades made in the form of sliders, characterized in that the blades are equipped with couplers, axles, springs and shelves on which the roller is mounted, while the engine is equipped with a tightening ring rotating together with the blades, mounted on the roller of one of the blades and cerned acting on the rotor blade during rotation of the centrifugal forces. 6. The cylindrical eccentric rotary engine according to claim 5, characterized in that the stator has landing splined belts, locking covers on the stator from turning. 7. The rotary engine according to claim 5, characterized in that devices for ignition of the working mixture are installed in the covers.

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