RU239486U1 - Hemostatic tourniquet - Google Patents

Abstract

This utility model relates to medical equipment and can be used to compress damaged major blood vessels to temporarily stop bleeding. The purpose of this utility model is to simplify and expedite the application of a tourniquet to an injured limb. This model pertains to hemostatic tourniquets that can be applied with one hand and can be used in surgery, traumatology, first aid kits and services, as well as in military equipment, for rescuing the wounded in combat and emergency situations, etc. The utility model is based on the task of creating a hemostatic tourniquet that folds compactly and takes up minimal space in a bag with first aid drugs, is ready for immediate use, reduces the time of application, ensures correct and easy application of a tourniquet to a limb with one hand, the ability to dose the compression force when turning the flywheel, which leads to minimal damage to tissues under the tourniquet, and to avoid the risk of loosening the tourniquet as a result of mechanical impact during transportation, the ability to quickly loosen the taut sling by raising the flywheel; the possibility of making a collar and a sling from a bright material to signal the application to others. The device consists of the following components: a contact tape with one free end and one end with a sewn-on ring; a collar with a hole for placing a part of the sling sewn to the contact tape for tightening the hemostatic tourniquet-tourniquet on the limb; the collar has four paddles for gripping, allowing you to twist the sling; The handle has the ability to loosen the sling tension by lifting the flywheel.

Description

Field of technology

This utility model is a medical device designed to temporarily stop bleeding by compressing damaged major blood vessels. The primary goal of the development is to create a tourniquet with a locking mechanism that allows the injured person to quickly apply the tourniquet to the injured limb.

State of the art

The prior art contains many different devices for compressing blood vessels.

Some of the most frequently used hemostatic devices remain those similar to the Esmarch tourniquet in their mechanism of action, which contain devices for mechanical compression of tissues above the area of injury.

The main disadvantages of these tourniquets are the complexity of independent use and the difficulty in dosing the level of compression pressure on the tissues of the injured limb due to the operational need to begin circular compression of the limb by maximum tightening of the tourniquet around the limbs, the need to apply great force, the low speed of creating the necessary compression pressure on the injured limb when applying it over clothing, the complex technology of their application, significantly limited possibilities in terms of the time it takes to provide compression of the injured vessel, the impossibility of performing precise controlled compression, a traumatic effect on soft tissues, as well as limiting the possibility of using the device only for limb wounds. (Traumatology and Orthopedics: Textbook. Kotelnikov G.P., Mironov S.P., Miroshnichenko V.F. - M .: GEOTAR-Media, 2006. - 400 p.).

A tourniquet-type hemostatic tourniquet utility model is known (Russian Federation Patent No. RU 205924 U1, IPC A61B 17/132, A61B 17/00, 2021). The model comprises a compression band in the form of a flat sleeve made of inelastic tape, the outer surface of which is covered with a Velcro surface. A plastic platform is secured to one end of the compression band. On the side with the locking buckle, the platform has a locking frame with two parallel crossbars. On the opposite side, the platform has a retainer, which is a frame with a crossbar through which a flat sleeve with a strap is threaded. The retainer has two half-rings encircling the Velcro surface of the compression band with a gap designed to accommodate and secure a winch during operation. The strap is secured to the free end of the compression band by stitching. On the other side of the flat compression strap, the strap above the platform on the Velcro surface is passed through a slot in the collar and inserted into the locking frame. The strap is then pulled out of the locking frame and inserted in an S-shape through parallel crossbars into the locking buckle. This changes the geometry of the tourniquet's locking frame, reducing the risk of injury when applying the tourniquet to an already injured limb.

A drawback of this model is that the handle is a rod-shaped device secured with half-rings. This attachment is not secure enough; the handle may slip out of the securing elements during movement or transport of the injured person. The twist lock does not have fine adjustment.

From the Russian Federation patent No. RU 207732 U1, IPC A61B 17/132, 2021, a hemostatic device is known, which is a hemostatic tourniquet, which contains the tourniquet itself, made of a flat tape, and a tourniquet retainer.

To tighten the flat band and stop bleeding, two slings are positioned parallel to each other with a gap in the cavity of the flat, inelastic band. One end of the flat band is secured to a buckle shaped like a rectangular frame, while the other end is connected to a buckle "tongue," which, together with the buckle, forms a loop for applying the band to the patient's limb. The tourniquet retainer is mounted in the center of the flat band and comprises a base on which a tourniquet application time indicator is attached and a reel is positioned, with a lever mounted in its central hole. On the side surface of the retainer reel, on either side of the lever, radial axes with central slots and disc-shaped lateral guides are formed. Radially oriented slots are formed on both edges of the base, in front of and behind the reel. The slings of the flat band are threaded sequentially through the slot in front of the reel, through the slot in the radial axis of the reel, and through the slot behind the reel, respectively. The ends of the slings are secured within the hollow of a flat tape. This invention improves convenience and reduces the time required to apply a tourniquet to an injured limb. It allows for this procedure to be performed quickly and with one hand, requiring minimal physical effort. It stops bleeding from the upper and lower extremities with minimal trauma to the tissue compressed by the tape. A tourniquet application time indicator allows for monitoring the patient's injured limb, eliminating the possibility of prolonged (more than two hours) nerve compression with subsequent paralysis, and preventing tissue necrosis.

Another drawback of this model is the rod-shaped handle, which requires additional clamps, increasing tourniquet application time. It lacks a ratchet, and the sling tension is not very tight.

A known model according to Russian Federation Patent No. RU 227998 U1, IPC A61B 17/132, 2024, is a mechanical hemostatic device comprising a compression module with a support platform made in the form of a plate, at the end of which projections with holes are located for seats for the tensioner axis of an inextensible compression belt; a substrate made of an elastic porous composite material with a thickness of at least 50 mm is attached to the plate from below, in which a through channel is formed in the center across the entire thickness; a pressure piston made of an elastic porous composite material is placed with a loose fit into the cavity of the through channel of the substrate, containing compression rollers with a width and a height of at least 5 mm located along the perimeter together with it; the pressure piston is provided with a manual drive made in the form of a manual drive screw with a drive handle at the end of the screw, with a thread along the entire length and a counter nut secured to a plate located on the pressure piston; the manual drive screw, containing a rotation limiter at the lower end, is placed in a free passage channel located in the pressure piston and is secured on a sleeve with the possibility of free circular rotation in a landing unit located on top on the outer side of the support platform plate; a spring buckle and a compression belt tensioner are attached to the outside of the base of the support platform, located one behind the other coaxially with the compression belt passed through them; a portion of the compression belt from the side of the non-removable end is successively passed through the pressure spring buckle and through a longitudinal slot of the compression belt tensioner, provided with a lever drive handle made with the possibility of providing forced rotation of the tensioner axis; The compression belt is colored to standardize the selection of the length of the portion of the belt that can be extracted from the roll; the free portion of the compression belt, equipped with a fastening element of the connector located at the end of the fastening belt, is designed with the possibility of mechanical connection after encircling the injured part of the body with a mating element of the connector located on the opposite side of the support platform of the compression module; a removable compensating module made of a flexible material is secured to the tension compression belt on belt loops, into the thickness of which plastic inserts are inserted perpendicular to the direction of tightening of the compression belt.

The disadvantages of this model are its rather large size, non-ergonomic design and the complexity of the tensioner design.

In modern conditions, there is a need to produce a tourniquet whose design is sufficiently easy to manufacture and assemble, allowing the application of a hemostatic device not only by medical workers, but also by the wounded person himself.

Disclosure of a utility model

The objective and technical result of this utility model is to simplify the design and create a tourniquet with a locking mechanism that takes into account ergonomic principles, allowing the injured person to use the device and quickly apply the tourniquet to the injured limb. The design also allows for the adjustment of the vascular compression force during the patient's transportation, with subsequent rapid release of the tourniquet by medics.

This device is a type of hemostatic tourniquet that can be applied with one hand and can be used in various fields of medicine: surgery, traumatology, first aid, as well as in military equipment for rescuing the wounded in combat and emergency situations.

The concept behind this useful model is to create a compact and easy-to-transport tourniquet that fits easily into a first-aid kit and is always ready for immediate use. The device significantly reduces tourniquet application time while ensuring proper and easy application with one hand.

The controlled compression force applied by rotating the handwheel ensures minimal tissue damage under the tourniquet and eliminates the risk of tourniquet loosening due to mechanical impact during transport. Furthermore, the sling can be quickly released under tension by raising the handwheel and drum relative to the base and ring, as well as gently released by raising the handwheel, drum, and ring relative to the base.

The tourniquet can be made of brightly colored materials to signal to others that a tourniquet has been applied.

The device consists of the following elements:

1. A contact tape with one free end that passes through the ring, and one end with the ring attached, and a sling sewn to the contact tape for tightening the hemostatic tourniquet on the limb.

2. A crank with a hole for placing part of the sling.

List of figures

The essence of the utility model is explained by drawings, where:

Fig. 1 shows a drawing of the device from above with its constituent parts indicated.

Fig. 2 shows a cross-sectional drawing of the device with its constituent parts indicated.

Implementation of a utility model

The positions on the figures indicate:

1 - base;

2 - ring;

3 - flywheel;

4 - drum;

5 - contact tape ring;

6 - fixing the unused part of the contact tape;

7 - place for indicating the time of application of the turnstile;

8 - contrast tip;

9 - sling;

10 - contact tape.

The tourniquet consists of a collar and a tourniquet.

The tourniquet is a contact tape 10 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2), on the inner side of which there is a Velcro fastener designed to fix the contact tape 10 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) on the limb. The contact tape 10 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) is passed through a special ring 5 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2), which is attached to one of its ends. The other end is free and passes through this ring 5 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2), wrapping the limb. In this case, the free end has a contrasting felt tip 8 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) and a place for applying the time of application of the tourniquet to the limb of the victim 7 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2).

The collar is sewn closer to the end of the contact tape with ring 5 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) using sling 9 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2). Sling 9 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) is threaded through the collar and, twisting with its help, tightens the contact tape on the limb, which helps stop the bleeding.

The crank is used to tighten the strap 9 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2), which in turn tightens the tourniquet on the limb. It consists of four main components.

The base 1 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) is made in the form of a rectangular base on which the remaining elements are placed. At the edge of the base 1 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) there is an eye through which the sling 9 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) is passed, sewn to the contact tape 10 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2). This eye serves to secure the winch to the contact tape 10 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2). The second, larger hole is intended to allow the sling 9 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) to pass inside the winch, where it is twisted. Asymmetrical ratchet teeth are located along the edge of the hole.

The second part is ring 2 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2), on which asymmetrical teeth of the ratchet mechanism are located at the top and bottom. The lower teeth interact with the teeth of the base 1 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2), and the upper ones - with the flywheel 3 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2). The outer side of ring 2 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) has a projection for its grip and removal, and the inner side has a triangular profile with teeth for splined connection with drum 4 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2).

The third part is the flywheel 3 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2). It is equipped with asymmetric ratchet teeth on the inner side, which connect with the ring 2 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2). On the side surface of the flywheel 3 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) there are 4 petals arranged crosswise, providing a convenient grip on the flywheel for tightening the crank. In the center of the flywheel 3 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) there is an opening with a platform for the drum 4 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2).

The fourth part is drum 4 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2). It is equipped with a flange which rests against the flywheel platform 3 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2). At the top there are two holes for the sling 9 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2). Below the flange, on the outer side of drum 4 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2), triangular teeth are located. Together with ring 2 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2), they form a splined connection.

The crank mechanism operates as follows. A person grasps flywheel 3 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) with his palm, resting it against its petals, or takes diametrically opposite petals in his hands. Then, turning flywheel 3 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) clockwise, he sets ring 2 in motion, which, engaging with flywheel 3 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2), rotates relative to base 1 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2).

Drum 4 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2), connected to ring 2 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2), rotates together with it and flywheel 3 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) clockwise, twisting sling 9 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2). To make the next turn, you need to raise your hand and grasp the handle again. However, the ratchet mechanism of ring 2 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) and flywheel 3 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) allows you to rotate flywheel 3 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) counterclockwise without twisting sling 9 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2). In this case, ring 2 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) remains stationary, and drum 4 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) rises to the height of the ratchet mechanism teeth and, being in engagement with ring 2 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2), does not rotate. Accordingly, it is possible to twist sling 9 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) without lifting your hand from flywheel 3 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2), which reduces the time of applying the turnstile.

It is important to note that the rim of drum 4 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2), which rests against the flywheel platform 3 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2), is not connected to it. If ring 2 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) is removed, drum 4 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) will rotate freely relative to flywheel 3.

Once the tourniquet is in place, it may need to be removed. You can unfasten the Velcro fastener on the contact tape 10 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) and remove the entire tourniquet.

However, sometimes it's necessary to reduce compression without completely removing the tourniquet. There are several ways to do this.

The first method is for a slight decrease in compression: flywheel 3 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) is raised together with ring 2 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) so that the teeth of the ratchet mechanism of ring 2 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) and base 1 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) disengage. In this case, drum 4 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) does not unwind, since it is connected to ring 2 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) by a splined connection. By turning the mechanism with ring 2 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) counterclockwise, the compression can be reduced by a small amount.

The second method is a complete reduction of the compression created by twisting the sling 9 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2). In this case, the flywheel 3 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) is lifted without the ring 2 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2). The drum 4 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) comes out of the teeth of the ring 2 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) and unwinds under the action of the sling 9 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2).

Claims (2)

1. A hemostatic tourniquet consisting of a contact tape with a Velcro fastener located on the inside for fixing the contact tape, including a ring of the contact tape attached to one end of the contact tape, and a contrasting felt tip with a place for applying the time of the hemostatic tourniquet on the other end of the contact tape, and a sling sewn to the contact tape for tightening the hemostatic tourniquet on the limb, threaded through a collar; wherein the contrasting felt tip is designed with the possibility of passing through the ring of the contact tape, wrapping the limb; wherein the winch consists of a base in the form of a rectangular base with an eye for threading a sling sewn to the contact tape when fastening the winch to the contact tape and an opening with asymmetrical teeth of the ratchet mechanism when fastening the winch to the contact tape and an opening with asymmetrical teeth of the ratchet mechanism for passing the sling sewn to the contact tape when tightening; rings with asymmetrical teeth of the ratchet mechanism located at the top and bottom, wherein the lower asymmetrical teeth of the ratchet mechanism are designed with the possibility of interaction with the asymmetrical teeth of the ratchet mechanism of the base, and the upper asymmetrical teeth of the ratchet mechanism are designed with the possibility of interaction with the flywheel; a flywheel with asymmetric ratchet teeth on the inner side, configured to be connected to a ring, petals on the outer side for gripping by hand and twisting the crank and an opening in the center with a platform for the drum, and a drum with a flange resting against the flywheel platform, two openings for a sling sewn to a contact tape, and triangular teeth to form a splined connection with the ring; wherein the outer side of the ring has a projection for gripping and removing, and the inner side of the ring has a triangular profile with teeth to form a splined connection with the drum, creating a fixed connection of parts for fixing the tension of the harness, wherein the ring and the flywheel are configured to rotate the flywheel counterclockwise without twisting the sling sewn to the contact tape; The drum flange is designed to allow free rotation of the drum relative to the flywheel without the ring when the contact tape is being wound without lifting the hand from the flywheel; the flywheel is designed to be lifted together with the ring in such a way that the asymmetrical teeth of the ratchet mechanism of the ring and the base disengage with a counterclockwise rotation when the compression is reduced and to be lifted without the ring when the compression is completely removed and the drum is unwound under the action of a sling sewn to the contact tape. 2. A hemostatic tourniquet according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the petals are made in the form of four petals arranged crosswise.