RU2394050C2 - Polymer composition for making polished instrument - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to production of polished fabric-based instruments and particularly to compositions for making polished instruments, and can be used in polishing surfaces of different articles made from steel and different alloys, e.g. for polishing cutlery, art objects, jewellery, as well as processing threads and fabric, giving them good physical and chemical properties. The composition contains the following in pts. wt: 35-60 aqueous dispersion of butadiene styrene or styrene acrylate, 2.0-5.0 aqueous emulsion of silicon fluid, 1.0-3.0 benzylidene aniline oligomer with molecular weight of 3000-5000 and containing primary amine groups 0.3-0.5 wt %, secondary amine groups 5-7 wt % and 33.5-61.5 water.

EFFECT: making a polished fabric-based instrument with high wear resistance owing to higher water resistance, high heat resistance and good physical and mechanical properties at high temperatures, low water absorption.

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Description

The invention relates to compositions for the manufacture of polishing tools and, in particular, relates to the manufacture of polishing tools on a fabric basis, which can be used to polish the surface of various products made of steel and various alloys, and, in particular, for polishing cutlery, products art crafts, jewelry.

Known composition according to the patent of Russian Federation No. 2047446, B24D 3/34, 1995, containing bitumen varnish, phenolic varnish, carbon tetrachloride, butyl alcohol. This composition contains toxic compounds: phenolic varnish, carbon tetrachloride (maximum permissible concentration of 20 mg / m ³ ), bitumen varnish; composition according to Bulgaria patent No. 37304, C08L 29/04, 1985, consisting of a 3-15% solution of polyvinyl alcohol in water. This composition contains a water-soluble polymer (polyvinyl alcohol) with a low solids content (up to 15%), which generally reduces the wear resistance of polishing wheels working in wet environments; composition for impregnation of textile materials according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2187521, C08L 9/10, C08L 0/04, 2002.08.20, containing a combination of DBA-1 latexes - an aqueous dispersion of a triple copolymer of butadiene, butyl acrylate and methacrylic acid amide and SKD-1c - butadiene copolymer with methacrylic acid, taken in a mass ratio of DBA-1: SKD-1s 30: 70-50: 50, calculated on the dry matter - 100.0 parts by weight, a condensed aqueous resin solution based on resorcinol and formaldehyde 350-400 wt. hours, obtained in the presence of caustic soda, aged 7-15 hours at 20-30 ° C, with the ratio of the starting components wt. parts: resorcinol 25, an aqueous solution of formaldehyde 37% concentration 41.0-43.0, caustic soda 10% concentration - 19-21, water 760.0-780.0, ammonia water 25% 8.0 -10.0 parts by weight, water 350-400 parts by weight, this composition contains a toxic resin based on resorcinol and formaldehyde; composition according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2294943, IPC C08J 15/14, B24D 3/04, 2007.03.10, containing epoxynomal block block copolymer, nitrile butadiene rubber, stearin, cryolite, abrasive filler. The composition is complex in composition and contains a toxic additive (ED-20 epoxy resin, for the curing of which toxic polyamines are usually used).

Non-impregnated fabric polishing wheels have little resistance and wear out quickly, especially on the basis of bast fibers (for example, flax, sisal). Such fibers are characterized by stiffness, brittleness and high water absorption. When polishing, the circles are heated to high temperatures (80-120 ° C) and are subjected to thermo-oxidative degradation, which leads to a decrease in the wear resistance of the polishing tool.

As a rule, polishing is carried out using water-based polishing and grinding pastes; therefore, low water absorption and high water resistance of the impregnating compositions and the polishing wheels themselves, impregnated with various compositions, are important. With insufficient water resistance and heat resistance, the performance of polishing wheels on a fabric basis is significantly reduced, especially in aqueous media.

Polishing wheels made of cotton and sisal fabric are used for preliminary and final processing of cutlery made of various materials, crafts, jewelry, dental instruments.

The prototype of the invention is a composition for the production of a polishing wheel on a fabric basis according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2263125, C09K 3/14, B24D 3/32, 2005.10.27, containing, by weight:

Binder copolymer of (meth) acrylic esters and acrylic acid amide 15-50 Liquid sodium glass 3-12 Water 50-85

Sislet-based polishing wheels made using this composition are characterized by good wear resistance when polishing tablespoons. However, to prepare the composition, compounds with diametrically different pH values are used (dispersion with a pH value of 4-6 and water glass with a pH value of 12-13), which can lead to coagulation of the dispersion and the composition requires additional grinding in a paint grater to obtain particles up to 50 microns. In addition, the drying of the impregnated circles is carried out at a temperature of 130 ° C, which is undesirable, since the heat resistance of cellulose (the main component of bast fibers) is 150 ° C. The presence of liquid sodium glass in the composition increases the rigidity and brittleness of the impregnated material, and also reduces the water resistance of the composition (liquid sodium glass dissolves well in water), which adversely affects the operation of tissue circles in humid environments.

The aim of the invention is to obtain a polymer composition that allows to produce a polishing tool on a fabric basis with increased wear resistance due to giving the polishing tool higher water resistance, increased heat resistance, higher physical and mechanical characteristics at elevated temperatures, reduced water absorption.

This goal is achieved in that the composition for impregnating a polishing tool on a fabric basis includes a binder based on an aqueous dispersion of butadiene styrene or styrene acrylate and an additive emulsion of silicone fluid with a benzylideneaniline oligomer having a molecular weight of 3000-5000, the content of primary amine groups 0.3-0.5 wt.%, secondary - 5-7 wt.%, as well as the quantitative content of the components included in the composition.

Benzylideneaniline oligomers are obtained by copolymerization of aniline and benzaldehyde in an organic solvent at a temperature of 100-150 ° C for 10-50 hours in the presence of an initiating agent (haloalkyls, halogens, organic acids). As a result of copolymerization, benzylideneaniline oligomers with the structural formula

where n = 28-47, the molecular weight of the obtained oligomers is in the range of 3000-5000, the content of primary amine groups 0.3-0.5%, secondary - 5-7%.

The use of the proposed polymer composition allows to increase the heat resistance and wear resistance of the products by reducing the rate of thermal oxidative degradation of the manufactured polishing tool.

The presence of a primary amino group provides a chemical bond of the oligomer with fibrous materials, which prevents its washing out during operation of the polishing tool. The antioxidant content in the composition is 1.0-3.0%.

A decrease in the antioxidant content below 1.0% reduces the life of the products due to an increase in the rate of thermal oxidative degradation, an increase in the content of an antioxidant above 3% is impractical, since the rate of thermal oxidative destruction does not significantly decrease.

The analysis of the prior art by the applicant, including a search by patent and scientific and technical sources of information, made it possible to establish that the applicant did not find an analogue characterized by features identical to the distinguishing features of the claimed composition for impregnating a polishing tool on a fabric basis.

The definition from the list of identified analogues of the prototype, as the closest in the set of essential features of the analogue, allowed to identify the set of essential distinguishing features in relation to the presented technical result in the claimed composition set forth in the claims. Therefore, the claimed invention meets the condition of "novelty."

To verify the conformity of the claimed invention with the condition of the inventive step, an additional search was carried out for the known use (A.I. Yatsyuk. A new method of mechanical processing of wood. Publishing Association "Higher School", 1975. 20-22 p .; Polymers Encyclopedia, 194-207 ., 439-455 p., 3 vols., M., 1977; Directory. Abrasive materials and tools. M., NIIMash, 360 pp .; BES, 3rd edition, T.1. M .: Sov. Encyclopedia, 1969).

Butadiene styrene dispersion DL950 is a 50% aqueous emulsion with a particle size of 120 nm, pH 5.0-6.0, which is intended for the manufacture of paints, plasters, putties, as well as primers for concrete and masonry and is highly waterproof.

The styrene acrylate dispersion DL430 contains 49 = 51% solids, pH 7.5. AXILAT DS910 styrene acrylic dispersion contains 49-51% solids, pH 7.5-9.0, and is used for the manufacture of water-based paints.

Silicone fluid is a 70% aqueous emulsion (TU6-02-587 75), used as a release agent for molds in the tire industry, in the manufacture of rubber products, rubbers and plastics.

The search results showed that the claimed technical solution with its combination of features and quantitative composition in parts by weight does not follow from the prior art, since only the claimed combination of features affects the achievement of a technical result.

Compositions for impregnation of polishing wheels on a fabric basis are not known, ensuring the achievement of the goal, which indicates the satisfaction of the criterion of inventive step.

The claimed technical solution can be used at enterprises for the production of art products from metal and various alloys, it is disclosed in the application materials with the completeness sufficient for its implementation. Thus, the proposed solution meets the criteria of the invention for industrial applicability.

Examples of carrying out the invention

The proposed composition for impregnation is obtained by sequential mixing of all components in a reactor with a stirrer at a temperature of 30-60 ° C for 20-30 minutes. As a result of the process, a stable dispersion is obtained with a shelf life of at least 6 months. To determine the most complete characteristics of the composition, cotton and sisalet cloth circles were impregnated, as well as threads and fabrics, followed by their physical, mechanical, and performance characteristics.

Example 1

The starting components for the impregnating composition are taken in the ratio of wt. parts:

In a reactor with a heated jacket, impregnation of linen and sisal threads, half-linen and sisal fabrics is carried out for 25 minutes at a temperature of 25 ° C. The impregnated materials are dried at a temperature of 85-90 ° C for 2 hours.

After drying, the obtained materials were tested for physical and mechanical properties. Physico-mechanical properties are shown in tables 1, 2, 3.

Example 2

The impregnation of materials is carried out analogously to example No. 1 at a temperature of 40 ° C for 20 minutes, drying is carried out at a temperature of 100 ° C for 1.5 hours.

Example 3

The impregnation of materials is carried out analogously to example No. 1 at a temperature of 60 ° C for 15 minutes, drying is carried out at temperatures of 90 ° C - 1 hour, 100 ° C - 1 hour. The resulting composition is impregnated and tested cotton polishing wheels, the test data are shown in table 3

Example 4

The impregnation and drying of materials is carried out analogously to example 1.

Example 5

The impregnation and drying of materials is carried out analogously to example No. 1. The obtained composition was impregnated and tested with sisaletkan polishing wheels. The test data are shown in tables No. 4, 5

Example 6

The impregnation and drying of materials is carried out analogously to example 1.

Example 7

The impregnation and drying of materials is carried out analogously to example 1.

Example 8

The impregnation and drying of materials is carried out analogously to example 1.

The given amounts of functional additives are optimal: when adding the following values, an increase in the physical and mechanical characteristics is not achieved, the above values do not reduce the physical and mechanical characteristics.

Table 1 Physico-mechanical properties of impregnated filaments Example No. Material Tensile strength, kg / mm ² The strength at delamination, kg / cm ² Elongation, e% Water absorption in 24 hours,% At 20 ° C At 100 ° C Raw material Sisal 26.5 25.5 0.7 3.2 101.0 Linen 24.5 22.3 0.8 6.0 95.0 one Sisal 33.9 31.6 1,2 6.8 18.3 Linen 33.1 30,4 1,5 8.3 21,4 2 Sisal 43.8 40.7 1.3 4,5 60,2 Linen 30,2 29.8 1.4 7.2 20.1 3 Sisal 40.7 39.5 1.3 7.2 17.3 Linen 29.4 28.7 1.3 9.9 38,2 four Sisal 35.0 34.1 1.3 11.3 25.5 Linen 31.9 30,2 1.4 10.3 30,2 5 Sisal 37,2 35.1 1,5 9.5 16,4 Linen 35,4 33.0 1.4 9.8 20.1 6 Sisal 40.1 37,2 1,5 8.1 24.3 Linen 36,4 34.2 1.4 9.9 28,4 7 Sisal 38,0 35,2 1.4 7.8 23.6 Linen 35.3 34.1 1.4 9.5 26,4 8 Sisal 30,2 27.1 1,1 5.8 29.5 Linen 28.9 25,2 1,2 5,0 39,4

table 2 Abrasion Resistance Test Data Name of indicator Name of material * Raw material No. of examples one 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 Material wear% ST 19.1 0.9 1,0 2.5 2,4 1.5 1,6 2.1 2,3 PLT 14.2 1,2 0.7 1.8 1,6 1,0 1,0 1.9 1,1 * ST - Sisal tissue PLT - Half-linen fabric

The test for tissue resistance to abrasion (CT and PLT) was carried out on an IT-ZM-1 device for 500 cycles according to GOST 18976-86.

Table 3 Abrasion test data for polishing sisalet cloth wheels * Name of indicator Raw material No. of examples one 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 Wear circle, dry,% 35.0 3,1 4.6 4.8 2.9 3.8 5.2 4,5 4.6 Wear of a circle with a humidity of 20%,% 60.3 10.0 12.1 12.1 9.5 13.3 16,2 15,5 13.5 * Circles made of sisal fabric. Diameter of circles is 80 mm, thickness is 5 mm. In circles, the edge of the table knife was polished with a clamping force of 1 kg / cm ² and a peripheral speed of 40 m / s for 2 minutes.

As can be seen from the data given in tables No. 1-3, sisal and cotton polishing wheels impregnated with the proposed composition, as well as threads and fabrics significantly exceed the starting materials in physical and mechanical characteristics both at normal and at elevated temperatures. The water absorption of the materials impregnated with the proposed composition is 2-6 times lower than that of the starting materials, which determines the greater wear resistance and water resistance of the fabric-based polishing wheels impregnated with the proposed composition working in aqueous media, which is confirmed by the wear resistance test data of the initial and impregnated fabrics, given in table 2, as well as sisalet cloth polishing wheels - table 3.

Table 4 Testing sisalet cloth polishing wheels *. Product Name Consumption rate per 1000 pcs. products ** Number of polished items Product quality Sisalet polishing wheels 150 × 20 × 19 Prototype 1.43 laps 34900 Reference The circles impregnated in example 5 1.32 laps 37900 Not inferior to the standard * Circles are made by Polikrug LLC (Pavlovo, Nizhny Novgorod Region), certificate of conformity No. ROSS RU. MIOS. BOO392. The tests were carried out at OJSC "Plant named after Kirov" (Pavlovo, Nizhny Novgorod region) on a polishing machine PP-5. ** Products - table forks, polishing the plane of the handles.

The data in table 4 show that the number of polished products with polishing wheels impregnated with the proposed composition is higher than that of the prototype by 3000 pieces.

Table 5 Test cotton polishing wheels 400 × 10 × 20 No. p / p Name of positions Indicators one The number of polishing wheels in twenty set, pcs. 2 Workpiece Fireplace Framing 3 Processed material Brass four Operation Polishing 5 Peripheral speed, m / s 60 6 Roughness parameter, Ra, microns: before processing 0.8 after processing untreated 0.1 soaked in example 3 0.1 7 The number of polished products in per 1 circle: 120 wet circles soaked in example 3 360

As can be seen from the materials presented in table 5, a polishing tool made on the basis of the proposed composition is superior to non-impregnated circles in wear resistance by 3 times.

Thus, a composition was obtained for the manufacture of a fabric-based polishing tool, characterized by increased wear resistance compared to the prototype, and also higher physical and mechanical properties of threads and fabrics impregnated with the proposed composition were obtained both at normal and elevated temperatures, which could expand the scope of application the proposed composition. Tests of products (polishing wheels) on the basis of fabrics (sisal fabric and cotton fabric - GOST 29298; 11680; 15530-93) conducted at the NPK Abraziv-Polymer LLC (St. Petersburg), at OJSC Kirov Plant "(Pavlovo, Nizhny Novgorod region) and LLC" Fireplaces of St. Petersburg "(St. Petersburg), tables No. 3, 4, 5, respectively, showed that the proposed composition provides high performance polishing tool, superior in performance to the prototype.

The proposed composition is easy to manufacture, environmentally friendly, the technology of impregnation with the composition is not difficult to perform, since it does not require large time costs and processing temperatures above 100 ° C, which significantly increases the intensity of production of polishing cloth circles and reduces energy costs. The composition for impregnation increases the wear resistance of polishing wheels on a fabric basis, and also improves the physico-mechanical characteristics of the threads, fabrics and products based on them impregnated with the proposed composition, in particular, increases wear resistance and strength at elevated temperatures.

The proposed composition can also be used for impregnation of threads and fabrics to obtain materials based on them with enhanced physical and mechanical properties, which follows from the data given in the application.

Claims (1)

A polymer composition for the manufacture of a fabric-based polishing tool, comprising a binder based on an aqueous dispersion of butadiene styrene or styrene acrylate and an additive - an aqueous emulsion of silicone fluid with a benzylideneaniline oligomer having a molecular weight of 3000-5000, a content of primary amine groups of 0.3-0.5 wt. %, secondary - 5-7 wt.%, with the following ratios of components, parts by weight:
Binder 35-60 Silicone fluid emulsion 2.0-5.0 Benzylideneaniline Oligomer 1.0-3.0 Water 33.5-61.5