RU238834U1 - GAS CLEANING CYCLONE - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model is designed for purifying dust-laden gases from dust and solid particles (ash, soot) and can be used in the thermal power, petrochemical, and metallurgical industries. A gas cleaning cyclone comprises a vertical cylindrical body with a conical bottom equipped with a nozzle for dust removal, a nozzle for supplying a dust-laden gas flow located tangentially to the body, a cover, an exhaust pipe serving as a diverter for the purified gas and designed as a confuser with a rough inner surface, and a confuser shell around the exhaust pipe. The exhaust pipe is perforated. Due to its distinctive features, the proposed cyclone ensures the purification of dust and gas flows from dust particles of fine, medium, and coarse dispersed phases and has increased environmental efficiency. 1 ill.

Description

The utility model is designed for cleaning removed dust-laden gases from dust and solid particles (ash, soot) and can be used in the thermal power, petrochemical and metallurgical industries.

The problem that exists in the area of contaminated dust and gas flow is that all known cyclones allow the separation of only large and medium-dispersed particles from the dispersion medium (gas) with their subsequent removal, while small dispersed particles, due to their small size and lightness, enter the atmosphere, resulting in intense air pollution and deterioration of the environmental situation.

A cyclone of the CN-15 type is known (Handbook on dust collection edited by A.A. Rusanov - M.: Energia, 1975), which consists of a vertical cylindrical body with a conical bottom, a cover, an exhaust pipe made in the form of a hollow cylinder, equipped with a nozzle for removing dust, a nozzle for feeding a dusty gas flow into the device, located tangentially to the body.

The cyclone operates as follows: a dust-and-gas flow enters through a nozzle located tangentially to the cyclone body. The dust-laden gas flow passes around the body's circumference, around the exhaust pipe, and spirals downward, separating large and medium-sized particles, which are thrown against the body's walls. The flow then slows and reverses direction, causing suspended particles to fall out in the conical bottom. The gases, freed from large and medium-sized particles, move in an upward spiral through the exhaust pipe, through which they are discharged from the cyclone. The collected particles of varying sizes are removed through a nozzle located at the bottom of the conical bottom.

A significant drawback of this cyclone is its low efficiency in removing suspended fine particles from the dust and gas flow. This is due to the small mass of fine particles, which prevents their separation from the gas flow by inertial separation. Consequently, the fine particles, along with the gas purified from the coarse and medium dispersed phases, are released into the atmosphere in significant quantities, thereby polluting the atmosphere and leading to environmental degradation.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed solution is a cyclone for cleaning gases (Patent for Utility Model No. 225506 of the Russian Federation, IPC B04C 5/12. Cyclone for cleaning gases / V.D. Katin, A.A. Zhuravlev - No. 2024102576; Claimed 01.02.2024; Published 23.04.2024, Bulletin No. 12).

A cyclone for cleaning gases comprises a vertical cylindrical body with a conical bottom equipped with a nozzle for removing dust, a nozzle for feeding a dusty gas flow located tangentially to the body, a cover, an exhaust pipe that performs the function of removing purified gas and is made in the form of a confuser, the inner surface of which is made rough.

The device works as follows.

The dust and gas flow enters the cyclone body through the nozzle and, passing circumferentially around the exhaust pipe, spirals downward, separating large particles of the dispersed phase from the dispersion medium (gas). At the bottom of the body, the flow slows and reverses direction, causing large particles of the dispersed phase to fall out and be removed through the dust removal nozzle. The gases, freed from large dispersed particles, move along the ascending spiral of the exhaust pipe, while medium and fine particles are retained by the rough surface of the exhaust pipe. The purified gas flow is then discharged from the cyclone into the atmosphere.

However, a significant disadvantage of this device is its reduced environmental efficiency, due to the increased speed of the outgoing gas flow from the exhaust pipe, which captures medium- and fine-dispersed particles during emission, and also leads to secondary entrainment of particles from the bin.

The technical problem that the claimed utility model is aimed at solving is to increase the environmental efficiency of the cyclone by capturing particles of the medium and fine dispersed phase and thereby reducing air pollution.

The stated objective is achieved in that a cyclone for cleaning gases, comprising a vertical cylindrical body with a conical bottom equipped with a nozzle for removing dust, a nozzle for feeding a dusty gas flow, located tangentially to the body, a cover, an exhaust pipe that performs the function of removing purified gas and is made in the form of a confuser, the inner surface of which is made rough, according to the utility model, is additionally equipped with a confuser shell around the exhaust pipe, and the exhaust pipe is made perforated.

A distinguishing feature of the proposed solution from the prototype is the perforated exhaust pipe, which is designed as a confuser, and the installation of a confuser shell around the exhaust pipe. The addition of the confuser shell creates an additional swirl zone for the cleaned gas before it exits. This promotes more complete settling of any remaining fine dust particles that might otherwise be carried away by the flow. The confuser shell shape ensures smooth and uniform flow acceleration, minimizing turbulence. Perforation of the exhaust pipe allows partial discharge of the cleaned gas into the peripheral zone of the cyclone, creating an additional zone for velocity reduction and settling of the remaining dust. This promotes more efficient separation of the solid and gas phases. Furthermore, perforation promotes a more uniform flow distribution within the cyclone, improving the cleaning process.

The proposed device is illustrated in Fig. 1, which shows a vertical section of the cyclone. The cyclone comprises a vertical cylindrical body 1 with a conical bottom 2, equipped with a dust removal nozzle 3, a nozzle for feeding a dust-laden gas flow into the apparatus 5, located tangentially to the body, a cover 6, a perforated exhaust pipe 4, designed as a confuser, with a rough inner surface, around which a confuser shell 7 is installed.

The cyclone works as follows.

The dust and gas flow enters the cyclone body 1 through nozzle 5 and, passing circumferentially around the perforated exhaust pipe 4, moves spirally downward, ensuring the separation of large particles of the dispersed phase from the dispersion medium (gas). In the conical bottom 2, the flow loses speed and changes its direction, resulting in the precipitation of large particles of the dispersed phase and their removal through the dust removal nozzle 3. The gases, purified from dust particles of the large dispersed phase, move into the area between the perforated exhaust pipe 4 and the confuser shell 7, continuing their spiral movement upward, where a swirl zone and a decrease in flow velocity are created. Upon entering the inner part of the perforated exhaust pipe, particles of the finely dispersed phase are retained by the rough surface of the exhaust pipe, and then the purified gas flow is discharged from the cyclone into the atmosphere. Cover 6 retains the particles inside the body 1.

Thus, the proposed utility model reduces atmospheric emissions of not only coarse particles but also medium and fine particles. The efficiency of dust removal from gases is significantly increased by installing a confuser shell and a perforated exhaust pipe designed as a confuser. This solution allows for the retention of coarse, medium, and fine particles, which in turn significantly improves the efficiency of dust-laden gas flow purification.

Claims (1)

A cyclone for cleaning gases, comprising a vertical cylindrical body with a conical bottom, equipped with a nozzle for removing dust, a nozzle for feeding a dusty gas flow, located tangentially to the body, a cover, an exhaust pipe in the form of a confuser, the inner surface of which is made rough, characterized in that the exhaust pipe in the form of a confuser is made perforated and a confuser shell is installed around it.