RU2385985C1 - Hydrotechnical channel on permafrost soils of slope - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction. ^ SUBSTANCE: channel includes bed formed by channel bottom and side slopes of its boards, permafrost curtain made of ice soil in lower board of channel versus slope and anti-ice device. Bed is arranged over lower border of seasonal thawing layer, which was arranged at day surface of slope before channel creation, or - over day surface of slope. Lower board of channel is formed with embankment, height of which provides for passage of maximum rated flow of water along channel, and upper board of channel is formed fully or partially by slope. Permafrost curtain is arranged in embankment and is coupled with water impermeable layer of permafrost soils of slope. Anti-icing device may represent an additional part of embankment, which increases height of embankment to a value that provides for accumulation of all ice in the channel, or water drain pipe arranged along channel within the borders of seasonal thawing layer with perforation, enclosed into water-receiving prism from filtering soil material and hydraulically communicated to seasonal thawing layer of slope. In the second case ant-icing device may be arranged on day surface of slope in embankment at upper side from permafrost curtain, and may also be arranged on day surface of slope at upper side from channel and is equipped with permafrost screen, which is arranged in the form of additional embankment. Additional embankment represents a catch ditch, which diverts surface drain from channel, and simultaneously creates an upper part of upper board of channel. At the same time water drain pipe of anti-icing device is arranged on additional embankment of side, which is upper versus axis. ^ EFFECT: invention makes it possible to improve operational reliability of channel and to reduce costs of its construction. ^ 7 cl, 4 dwg, 3 ex

Description

The invention relates to hydraulic engineering, and more specifically to the construction of channels on permafrost slope soils that have vein ice at the surface of the slope and periodically occurring deep ice cracks unfilled with ice, in particular when creating a seasonally active channel bypassing the industrial waste storage.

Known hydraulic (drainage, channel discharge, bypass, etc.) channel on permafrost soils of the slope, containing a bed formed by the bottom and slopes of the sides of the canal, buried in permafrost soils of the slope, and a permafrost curtain made of ice in the lower part of the channel [ 1 or 2].

The disadvantages of the known channel are as follows.

1. In the northern permafrost zone during the last (late Holocene) cooling during unilateral freezing of soils from top to bottom, occurring under conditions of continuous penetration of atmospheric precipitation water from above from above into the frost pores and pores of the soil and from below, migrating into the freezing zone below the seasonal thawing boundary of soils weathering crust almost everywhere a water-gas-tight ice-ground layer-cloak was formed. Separate hollow stress cracks have survived under this cloak to which, in previous periods of freezing, under the influence of slopes from under similar cloaks, water flowed to the nearest discharge sites.

The degree of permeability of frozen rocks under the cloak can be judged, for example, by a study that was carried out at Vilyui HPP-3, where air with smoke was pumped into a prospecting adit, performed on board the river. In this case, smoke exited through hollow wells at a distance of 90 to 160 meters from the source of smoke [3].

Modern geocryology suggests [4, p. 219] that the thickness of the cloak is small and can be measured in the first meters. When the canal deepens, the integrity of the cloak is disturbed in places, which often leads to the development of intense water filtration from the canal and, accordingly, an abnormally fast thawing of permafrost soils. This leads to unacceptable deformations of the channel, and the filtering water from the channel in an unacceptable volume flows into the waste accumulator.

2. The ice formed on the slope during the autumn-winter freezing of the layer of seasonal thawing (frost of permafrost waters) fills the canal from the side of its upper side, which complicates the passage of spring floods through the canal.

3. Unorganized surface runoff from the slope destroys the upper side of the channel.

4. Deepening the channel into permafrost soils is associated with high costs.

These disadvantages of the known channel cause its lack of reliability during operation and high costs when creating.

The task to which the claimed channel is directed is to increase its reliability and reduce the cost of its creation. The technical result achieved by the implementation of the invention is to prevent the waterproofing of the upper layer of permafrost soils (raincoat) when creating a channel, to increase the anti-slip safety of the channel in the cold season, to divert surface runoff from the channel during the warm season, and to reduce costs.

This problem is solved, and the technical result is achieved by the fact that in the hydraulic channel on permafrost soils of the slope containing a bed formed by the bottom of the channel and the slopes of its sides, and a frozen curtain made of ice ground in the downstream side of the channel, according to the invention, all the bed is located at least above the lower boundary of the seasonally propagating layer, which was formed at the day surface of the slope before the channel was created. The lower side of the channel is formed by an embankment, the height of which provides a passage through the channel of the maximum estimated water flow, and the upper side of the channel is formed partially or completely by a slope. The permafrost curtain is made in the embankment and is coupled with a waterproof top layer of permafrost slope soils. The channel is equipped with an anti-slip device, and the channel bed can be located above the day surface of the slope.

In addition, the anti-slip device is an additional part of the embankment in the channel cross section, increasing the embankment height to a value that ensures accumulation of all frost in the canal, which can form from the water entering the canal in the autumn-winter season from the seasonally sloping layer.

The anti-slip device can also be a drainage pipe located along the channel within the seasonally moving layer, made with perforation, enclosed in a water receiving prism from filtering soil material, hydraulically connected to the seasonally spreading layer of the slope and providing drainage from the seasonally flowing layer of the water slope in the autumn-winter season, able to form ice in the channel.

An anti-slip device with a water supply pipe can be located partially or completely on the day surface of the slope in the embankment and on the upper side of the permafrost curtain, while the drainage pipe is located within the lower part of the seasonally spreading layer of the embankment.

The anti-slip device with a water supply pipe can be located on the upper side of the channel completely on the day surface of the slope or with a burial in the seasonally sloping layer of the slope and equipped with a permafrost belt made in the form of an additional embankment. In this case, the drainage pipe is located on the upper side from the axis of the additional embankment within the seasonally spreading layer of this embankment or slope, while the additional embankment forms a uphill ditch, which drains the surface drain from the canal, and can also form the upper part of the upper side of the canal.

It is the location of the channel bed above the lower boundary of the seasonally spreading layer, and even better above the daily surface of the slope and the implementation of the anti-slip device according to the above rules allows to achieve the previously indicated technical result in comparison with the above-mentioned known channel selected as a prototype.

The analysis of the prior art by the applicant did not reveal an analogue, the totality of the signs of which would be identical to all the signs of the proposed channel. Therefore, the claimed invention meets the condition of patentability "novelty."

From the prior art determined by the applicant, the influence of the altitude position of the channel bed relative to the lower boundary of the seasonally sloping layer of the slope on the achievement of the indicated technical result has not been revealed: prevention of waterproofing of the upper layer of permafrost soils. Additionally, for the first time, the anti-slip device is made in the form of an additional part of the embankment forming the lower side of the channel, and the anti-ice belt (additional embankment) for the first time forms the part of the upper side of the channel. Therefore, the claimed invention meets the condition of patentability "inventive step".

The invention is illustrated by the drawings shown in figures 1-4, which depict a cross section of a channel on permafrost soils of the slope, the anti-icing device which in private examples of execution is:

figure 1 - an additional part of the embankment, increasing its height;

figure 2 - drain pipe located in the embankment on the upper side from its permafrost;

figure 3 - drain pipe located on the upper side of the channel within the lower part of the seasonally spreading layer of the additional embankment, which forms the upper part of the upper side of the channel;

figure 4 - drain pipe located on the upper side of the additional embankment within the seasonal slope layer.

Example 1 (figure 1). A seasonally operating hydraulic channel is located on permafrost soils of slope 1, bypassing the industrial waste accumulator 2.

The channel contains a bed 3, located above the day surface 4 of slope 1, a permafrost curtain 5 made of ice ground and paired with a waterproof upper layer of permafrost soils - raincoat 6, and anti-ice device 7. Bed 3 is formed by bottom 8, slope 9 of the bottom relative to the slope 1 side 10 and a slope 11 of the upper side 12. The lower side 10 is formed by the embankment 13, which provides a passage through the channel of the maximum estimated water flow at level 14, and the upper side 12 is formed completely by slope 1. The frozen curtain 5 is located in the embankment and established in winter season by freezing soil abundantly wetted by exposing the mound 13 of cold air. The anti-slip device 7 in the cross section of the channel is an additional part 15 of the embankment 13. This additional part 15 increases the height h of the embankment 13 from the temporary level 16 of its crest 17 to a constant level 18, which provides accumulation in the channel of all of the frost 19 that may form from water, entering the canal in the autumn-winter period of the year from the seasonally spreading layer 20 of slope 1.

In the drawings, additional positions denote:

21 - nutrient groove;

22 - an arrow indicating the direction of movement of icy water in a seasonally spreading layer;

23 - the upper boundary of permafrost soils before the creation of the channel;

24 - the upper boundary of permafrost soils, established after the creation of the channel.

The channel is being constructed in the following sequence.

First, the embankment 13 in height is erected to a temporary level 16 and a permafrost curtain is created in it 5. Planning work is carried out only if necessary and in a minimal amount, without burial in permafrost soils. Then the canal in this form can withstand one autumn-winter period in which the actual volume of water entering the canal from the seasonally moving layer 20 of slope 1 and the ice formed from it 19 is clarified. After that, the constant level 18 of crest 17 is specified, and the embankment 13 is raised to a constant level 18 and in it complete the creation of a permafrost curtain 5.

The channel works as follows.

In the warm season, water enters the canal from the regulating capacity of the watercourse (not shown), as well as rainwater flowing into the canal from slope 1. The waterproof raincoat 6 and the frozen curtain 5 prevent the filtering of water from the canal around the entire perimeter of its live section. At the same time, the water temperature in the channel is lower than the temperature of the atmospheric air blowing around the slope; therefore, the thickness of the seasonally passing layer 20 in the channel usually does not exceed the thickness of such a layer on the slope. Therefore, neither the channel elements, nor the seasonally spreading layer 20 in the channel can damage the waterproof cloak 6.

In the cold season, the flow of water from the control tank into the channel ceases, and the surface layer of the slope 20 and the same layer of the embankment 13 melted in the warm season are covered with snow and slowly freeze. At the same time, the channel accumulates in itself the entire volume of ice 19 formed from the permafrost water of the seasonally spreading layer 20 of slope 1.

The passage through the spring water flood channel is carried out with the implementation of the measures established by the project.

Example 2 (figure 2). The channel differs from the channel described in Example 1 in that the anti-skid device 7 is a water supply pipe 25 located along the channel, made with perforation and enclosed in a water receiving prism 26 from filtering soil material. Such anti-slip device 7 is located on the day surface 4 of slope 1 partially or completely in embankment 13, on the upper side from the permafrost curtain 5 and is hydraulically connected to the seasonally thawing layer 20 of slope 1. In this case, the drain pipe 25 is located within the lower part of the seasonal spreading layer 20 of the embankment 1 and is provided with sealed inspection tubes 27 along its length.

In such a channel, the creation of a permafrost curtain 5 is expediently carried out by means of a seasonally operating cooling device made in the form of freezing columns 28.

The peculiarity of the operation of such a channel is, first of all, in the fact that in the autumn-winter period of the year ice water 22 from the seasonally spreading layer 20 of slope 1 enters the water receiving prism 26 and the drain pipe 25 is removed from the channel. This prevents the formation of ice 19 in the channel, which reduces the geometric dimensions of the channel and simplify its operation.

Additionally, water from the water intake prism 26 abundantly moisturizes the lower, most critical part of the permafrost curtain 5, which, in combination with properly functioning freezing columns 28, ensures high quality of the permafrost curtain 5 and its interfacing with permafrost soils.

Example 3 (FIGS. 3 and 4). The channel differs from the channel described in Example 1 in that the anti-skid device 7 is a water supply pipe 25 located along the channel, made with perforation and enclosed in a water receiving prism 26 from filtering soil material. Such anti-slip device 7 is located on the upper side of the channel on the day surface 4 of slope 1 (Fig. 3) or with a partial deepening in the seasonally spreading layer 20 of slope 1 (Fig. 4) and is equipped with a permafrost belt, which is made in the form of an additional embankment 29. Water discharge the pipe 25 is located on the upper side from the axis 30 of the additional embankment 29 within the seasonally propagating layer 20 of this embankment 13 (figure 3) or slope 1 (figure 4). The additional embankment 29 forms a upland ditch 31, which diverts a surface drain 32 from the channel from the slope 1, and can also form the upper part of the upper side 12 of the channel.

The permafrost curtain 5 in the embankment 13 of such a channel is performed with or without freezing columns.

The peculiarity of the operation of such a canal is, first of all, that in the autumn-winter period of the year ice water 22 from the seasonally spreading layer 20 does not reach the canal, but is intercepted by an additional embankment 29 of the permafrost belt and a drain pipe 25 along the route of the upland ditch 31 is discharged from the canal. In the warm season, upland ditch 31 discharges surface runoff water 32 from slope 1 from the canal.

When implementing the claimed invention, the conditions of "industrial applicability" are fulfilled. Means embodying the invention in its implementation are intended for use in industry, namely in hydraulic construction; the possibility of carrying out the invention using the described or other means and methods known prior to the filing date of the application is confirmed; means embodying the invention in its implementation, are able to provide the specified technical result.

Designations

1 - slope

2 - industrial waste storage

3 - bed (channel)

4 - day surface (slope)

5 - permafrost curtain

6 - cloak

7 - anti-slip device (in general)

8 - bottom (channel)

9 - slope (bottom side)

10 - lower side

11 - slope

12 - high side

13 - embankment

14 - water level in the channel at the maximum design flow rate

15 - additional part (embankments)

16 - temporary level (mound crest)

17 - ridge (embankment)

18 - constant level

19 - ice

20 - seasonally spreading layer

21 - nutritional groove

22 - an arrow indicating the direction of movement of water in the seasonally spreading layer

23 - the upper boundary of permafrost soils before the creation of the channel

24 - the upper boundary of permafrost soils, established after the creation of the channel

25 - drain pipe

26 - water intake prism

27 - sealed inspection pipes

28 - freezing columns

29 - additional embankment

30 - axis of the additional embankment

31 - upland ditch

32 - upper part of the upper side

Information sources

1. Yagin V.P., Vaikum V.A., Povarenkin V.A., Davydov I.A., Neyland N.N. On the issue of placement of solid water-containing wastes of thermal power plants and other industries // Hydrotechnical construction. 1998. No. 6.

2. Hydraulic structures of the tailings of the NMZ. The second phase of construction. Drainage system. Drawings: No. 166-13-3, No. 166-13-15. Krasnoyarsk: Hydroproject, 1987.

3. Frunkin V.N., Sherman M.M. About the construction of the Vilyui HPS-3 on a permafrost semi-rock base // Hydrotechnical Construction. 2003. No. 12).

4. Ershov E.D. General geocryology: Textbook. for universities. - M .: Nedra, 1990.

Claims (7)

1. The hydraulic channel on permafrost soils of the slope, containing a bed formed by the bottom of the channel and the slopes of its sides, and a frozen curtain made of ice in the lower side of the channel with respect to the slope, characterized in that the entire bed is located at least above the lower the boundary of the seasonal spreading layer, which was formed at the daytime surface of the slope before the canal was created, the lower side of the channel is formed by an embankment, the height of which provides a passage through the channel of the maximum estimated water flow The channel is formed partially or completely by a slope, and the permafrost curtain is made in the embankment and is associated with a waterproof top layer of permafrost slope soils, while the channel is equipped with an anti-slip device. 2. The channel according to claim 1, characterized in that the entire bed is located above the day surface of the slope. 3. The channel according to claim 1, characterized in that the anti-skid device is in the cross section of the channel an additional part of the embankment, increasing the height of the embankment to a value that provides accumulation in the channel of all the frost that may form from the water entering the channel in the autumn-winter season of the season from the seasonal slope layer. 4. The channel according to claim 1, characterized in that the anti-skid device is a drainage pipe located along the channel, made with perforation, enclosed in a water receiving prism from filtering soil material, hydraulically connected with a seasonally sloping layer of the slope and providing a tap in the autumn-winter season from a seasonally flowing layer of water that can form ice in the channel. 5. The channel according to claim 4, characterized in that the anti-skid device is located on the day surface of the slope partially or completely in the embankment and on the upper side of the permafrost curtain, while the drainage pipe is located within the lower part of the seasonally spreading layer of the embankment. 6. The channel according to claim 4, characterized in that the anti-skid device is located on the upper side of the channel completely on the day surface of the slope or with deepening in the seasonally sloping layer of the slope and equipped with a permafrost belt, which is made in the form of an additional embankment, while the drainage pipe is located with the upper side of the axis of the additional embankment within the seasonally propagating layer of this embankment or slope, the additional embankment forming a mountain ditch, diverting surface runoff from the channel. 7. The channel according to claim 6, characterized in that the additional embankment forms the upper part of the upper side of the channel.

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