RU237751U1 - SEPARATOR FOR VEGETABLE AND MELORON SEEDS - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering and improves separators for seeds of vegetable and melon crops. A separator for seeds of vegetable and melon crops is proposed, comprising a rotating perforated cylinder with the ability to change its angle of inclination, a hopper-doser with a seed feed branch pipe introduced into the cylinder, vacuum pneumatic pipelines, chutes, a cylinder drive and a vacuum pump. The novelty consists in that an inner perforated cylinder is inserted inside the outer rotating perforated cylinder. The openings of the inner perforated cylinder coincide in contour with the openings of the outer cylinder, wherein the upper part of the inner cylinder is pivotally connected by rods with screw fastening them to the brackets of the outer perforated cylinder, and the inner cylinder itself is additionally fastened, for example, to the outer perforated cylinder. Advantages of the separator for vegetable and melon crops: simple design and operation; smaller weight and dimensions; Ensures better seed separation quality due to improved and simplified regulation of vacuum strength and seed orientation relative to airflow forces; increases the yield of vegetable and melon crops by selecting the densest and most viable seeds and their subsequent planting. 3 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering and improves seed separators for vegetable and melon crops.

The seed cleaning machine SM-0.15M [1] is known, containing a sieve mill with sieves, a receiving bin, a feeder, aspiration columns, sedimentation chambers, cyclones, fans, and dust collectors.

The disadvantages of this alternative include its complex design, high material consumption, and high energy consumption for the process. Aspiration columns clean the seeds in a vertical airflow, where the seeds move chaotically. Because of this, flat seeds significantly change their midsection area depending on their position relative to the airflow, which impairs the quality of flat seed separation. Airflow parameters are not adjustable, which degrades the machine's performance.

The ZAV-40.02.000 [2] centrifugal-pneumatic separator is also known, comprising valves, a divider, a mesh drum, a feeder, a chute board, a fan, an adjustment valve, and a waste auger. Seed separation is achieved by centrifugal force from the drum's rotation and by the aerodynamic force of the air, which attracts the seed material to the drum.

The disadvantage of the given analogue is that the air flow passes through the entire area of the mesh drum, which increases aerodynamic resistance and increases energy costs.

A vegetable and melon seed separator is also known from patent No. 2822527 [3], which we have adopted as a prototype. This separator comprises a rotating perforated cylinder, a seed hopper, vacuum pneumatic lines, chutes, a cylinder drive, and a vacuum pump. Two fixed boxes are tightly mounted to the perforated cylinder and connected to a vacuum pump. The vacuum in these boxes is regulated by valves mounted on the pneumatic lines. A disadvantage of this device is the difficulty in regulating the vacuum in the boxes and the separating holes of the cylinder.

The proposed separator for vegetable and melon crops does not have the above-mentioned drawback.

The essence of our utility model is that a separator for seeds of vegetable and melon crops, containing an external rotating perforated cylinder with the possibility of changing its angle of inclination, a hopper-dispenser with a seed feed pipe introduced into the cylinder, vacuum pneumatic pipelines, trays, a cylinder drive and a vacuum pump, is made in such a way that an internal perforated cylinder is inserted inside the external rotating perforated cylinder, the openings of which coincide in contour with the openings of the external one, wherein the upper part of the internal cylinder is pivotally connected by rods with screw fastening them to the brackets of the external perforated cylinder, and the internal cylinder itself is additionally fastened, for example, with bolts to the external perforated cylinder.

Fig. 1 - side view of the vegetable and melon seed separator.

Fig. 2 - section of the separator along "A-A".

Fig. 3 - side view, in section, of a separator for seeds of vegetable and melon crops.

The separator for seeds of vegetable and melon crops consists of an inclined external rotating perforated cylinder 1, a dosing hopper 2, a seed feed pipe 3 introduced into the cylinder 1, vacuum pneumatic pipelines 4 and 5 with pipes 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, trays 12, 13, a shaft 14, bearings 15, 16, a coupling sleeve 17 and a drive 18 in the form of a gear motor for changing the rotation frequency of the cylinder 1, two fixed boxes 19 and 20 installed tightly to the surface of the cylinder, according to the shape of its radius, and each connected to the pneumatic pipeline 4 and 5 by means of pipes 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11.

Pneumatic lines 4 and 5 are connected to vacuum pump 21 and equipped with valves 22 and 23. Seed collection chutes 12 and 13, U-shaped, are installed inside the separator and fed to areas where there is no vacuum acting on the cleaned seeds transported by the cylinder. All working elements are mounted on a frame, which is not shown in the drawing.

For collecting separated seeds of vegetable and melon crops, containers - boxes 24, 25, 26 are installed.

An internal perforated cylinder 27 is inserted inside the external rotating perforated cylinder 1, the openings 28 of which coincide in contour with the openings 29 of the external perforated cylinder 1. In this case, the upper part of the internal cylinder 30 is connected by means of hinges 31 and 32 by rods 33 and 34 with screw 35 and 36 fastening by nuts 37, 38 with brackets 39, 40 of the external perforated cylinder 1, and the internal cylinder 27 itself is additionally fastened by bolts 41 to the external perforated cylinder 1.

The separator for vegetable and melon crops operates as follows. The required angle of inclination of cylinder 1 is set, drive 18 and vacuum pump 21 are turned on. Vegetable or melon seeds are dosed from the dosing hopper 2 through pipeline 3, inside the inclined cylinder 1, for separation and begin to move towards the container - boxes 24 ... 26. Due to the action of vacuum pump 21, air is sucked out from cavities "B" of boxes 19 and 20, with the help of pneumatic pipelines 4, 5 and branches 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, and a vacuum is created, which attracts the moving seeds in zone "B" to the surface of the internal perforated cylinder 27. Moreover, the vacuum value in boxes 19 and 20 is different, for example, in box 20 it is less, and in box 19 - greater.

Since the vacuum level in box 20 is lower, then in this section, shriveled and crushed seeds are attracted to the perforated holes of cylinder 1, and in section of box 19, where the vacuum is higher, seeds of medium density are attracted to the holes of cylinder 27 and the densest and most viable seeds remain in cylinder 27, which go into the container - box 24, and they are used for planting and significantly increase the yield of crops due to their quality.

Shriveled and crushed seeds rise upward under the action of a vacuum, pass into the zone of box 20, where the vacuum ceases to act, they detach from the surface of cylinder 27 in zone “G” and fall into tray 13 and slide along it and end up in the container - box 25.

Medium-density seeds pass through box zone 19, where they are exposed to a greater vacuum, detach from the surface of cylinder 27 and fall into tray 12, where they slide along it and fall into the container - box 26.

The performance of the separator when sorting vegetable and melon seeds is regulated by the amount of vacuum applied to the seeds. This is achieved by adjusting the area of the openings in the cylinders and, consequently, the vacuum suction force applied to the separated seeds. To do this, bolts 41 installed in the oval openings are loosened, and perforated cylinder 27 is moved to the right or left using nuts 37, 38 and rods 33, 34. This changes the area "A" of openings 28, 29, and, simultaneously, the vacuum force applied to the seeds. The magnitude of the change in opening area is monitored visually or using a measuring scale (not shown in the figures).

The performance of the separator and the quality of its operation are achieved by adjusting the rotation frequency of the perforated cylinder 1, changing the vacuum value, changing the angle of inclination of the cylinder 1, and the amount of seed feed from the dosing hopper.

The separator allows you to select the most dense and viable seeds from the seeds, which allows you to increase the yield of vegetable and melon crops by up to 30% when using them as seed material.

Calculations show that this separator pays for itself in less than a year.

Advantages of the separator:

1. Smaller weight and dimensions.

2. Simplicity of design and operation.

3. Ensures better quality of seed separation due to the presence of effective adjustments.

4. Allows you to increase the yield of vegetable and melon crops by selecting the best seeds and sowing them.

Sources of information:

1. V. M. Khalansky, I. V. Gorbachev. Agricultural Machinery. Moscow, Kolos, 2003, p. 624.

2. Bezruchkin I.P. Cleaning of grain material with a centrifugal-pneumatic separator: Study of working processes and organs of machines for harvesting grain crops and post-harvest grain processing / I.P. Bezruchkin, E.G. Bazhenov, V.V. Popov // Proceedings of VISKHOM. - Moscow. - 1969. - Issue. 57. - P. 301-320.

3. RU 2822527 C1, IPC V07V/00 (2006.01), 07/08/2024

Claims (1)

A separator for seeds of vegetable and melon crops, comprising a rotating outer perforated cylinder (1) with the possibility of changing its angle of inclination, a hopper-dispenser (2) with a seed feed pipe (3) introduced into the cylinder (1), vacuum pneumatic pipelines (4) and (5) connected to a vacuum pump (21), trays (12) and (13) installed inside the separator, a cylinder drive (18), wherein an inner perforated cylinder (27) is inserted inside the outer rotating perforated cylinder (1), the openings (28) of which coincide along the contour with the openings (29) of the outer perforated cylinder (1), wherein the upper part of the inner perforated cylinder (27) is pivotally connected by rods (33) and (34) with screw fastening them to the brackets of the outer perforated cylinder, and the inner perforated cylinder (27) itself is additionally fastened with bolts (41) to the outer perforated cylinder (1).