RU237184U1 - A combined fire extinguishing device using air-mechanical foam of medium expansion with a low-expansion foam monitor nozzle - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to fire extinguishing and fire and explosion prevention technology, namely to means for extinguishing fires and fire and explosion prevention using medium expansion air-mechanical foam. In order to increase the efficiency of fire extinguishing and fire and explosion prevention in a combined fire extinguishing device, including a branch pipe for supplying a fire extinguishing agent from a pressure pipeline and two generators of combined medium expansion foam attached to a crossbar and one air-mechanical low expansion foam generator, the air-mechanical low expansion foam generator is made in the form of a monitor nozzle, containing a housing with a flange for connecting to the branch pipe for supplying a fire extinguishing agent from a pressure pipeline of the fire extinguishing agent on one side, and a cylindrical casing of the nozzle attached to the housing to form cavities for supplying air to the nozzle on the other side, and a central nozzle coaxially installed in the housing with swirler cups located around it with nozzles installed at the outlet from them. In this monitor, the central nozzle and swirler cups are fixed in the housing by means of a transversely mounted diaphragm with a central opening for the central nozzle and peripheral openings for the swirler cups. The swirler cups have solid bottoms facing the fire extinguishing agent supply direction and asymmetrical openings in the side walls. The combined fire extinguishing device is designed with the ability to generate and deliver a stream of combined air-mechanical foam under pressure to the fire, explosion prevention and fire zone with an expansion ratio of 30±10 and a delivery range of up to 100-120 m. 8 Item 1, 23 Illustrated.

Description

Field of technology

The utility model relates to fire extinguishing and fire and explosion prevention equipment, namely to means for extinguishing fires and fire and explosion prevention using air-mechanical foam of medium expansion, and can be used for the rapid formation and uniform distribution of foam of medium expansion or sprayed water over the area of a fire of flammable liquids and liquefied gases, solid flammable materials, as well as for cooling and/or fire and explosion prevention protection of buildings, structures, machinery, equipment, flammable and explosive materials in manual, automated and remote modes of operation and control.

State of the art

In fire-fighting technology, monitor nozzles are known that provide the supply of fire extinguishing agent in the form of sprayed water or low-expansion air-mechanical foam to the source of the fire, and generators of medium-expansion air-mechanical foam.

Known monitor nozzles with nozzles provide a relatively long range, the ability to regulate the flow rate and spray angle of the fire extinguishing agent, however, using known monitor nozzles it is possible to obtain only air-mechanical foam with a low expansion rate and a delivery range of up to 40-50 meters, which in some cases does not provide the required fire extinguishing efficiency and adequate operator protection.

To increase the range of fire extinguishing agent jets from monitor nozzles, nozzles are often used.

A nozzle for delivering fire extinguishing agent by fixed fire monitor nozzles included in a fire truck kit is known. The nozzle comprises a housing having an inlet end adapted for connection to a liquid supply device, an outlet end, and a screen. The screen completely covers the outlet end of the housing, with a gap for the passage of liquid between the screen and the outlet end of the housing. The technical result of providing, in the form of providing, regulation of the gap for the passage of liquid in the nozzle, and, consequently, the flow rate, independent of the effect of the liquid flow on the screen, is achieved by means of a fixed installation of the screen and the presence of a sleeve loosely enclosing the outlet end (3) of the housing (1). The sleeve (9) can move along the housing under the action of a drive including a "screw-nut" transmission and a servo drive. The sleeve is kinematically connected to the output link of the "screw-nut" transmission, the input link of which is connected to the servo drive. When the sleeve moves, the gap for the passage of liquid changes and the flow rate of liquid changes [RU 135926 A62C 31/02. Published 27.12.2013. Bulletin No. 36].

A nozzle for a fire monitor nozzle for supplying fire extinguishing liquid to a fire site is known, comprising a flow-forming nozzle, a nut, a streamlined insert secured to longitudinal stabilizing ribs in the nozzle, wherein the nozzle of the fire monitor nozzle and the fairing in a cross-section along its longitudinal axis changes shape from a circle to an oval shape with the long axis of the oval located parallel to the horizontal line of the fire front level, the nozzle, the fairing and stabilizing plates are made with blade edges at the ends of the outlet of the liquid stream jet, the fairing and stabilizing plates at the inlet of the jet are made with streamlined shapes, the blade edge of the nozzle is made by recessing the outlet end of the nozzle with a semicircle, which makes it possible to increase the range, width and force of the supply of the stream of fire extinguishing agent while reducing its consumption in the area of the fire extinguishing. [RU 173819 A62C 31/02. Published 12.09.2017. Bulletin No. 26].

A portable fire monitor nozzle is known for distributing a fire extinguishing agent into a combustion zone, which, in order to increase the efficiency of fire extinguishing, contains a receiving body with a nozzle, consisting of a pressure and a dispensing branch pipes, interconnected by means of a check articulated valve, connected through a block of a rotary pressure device with annular sealing cuffs with a locking device, equipped with a control handle, and mounted on a tripod adjustable base, and a hose line is connected to the dispensing branch pipe, having a nozzle control unit at the free end, wherein an air-foam nozzle and a water nozzle for an additional compact stream, fixed as a spare one on the base, are used as nozzles, and a four-blade damper is installed inside the barrel body by means of a replaceable ring device fixed on the barrel [RU 2411971 A62C31/00. Published 20.02.2011. Bulletin No. 5].

A combined monitor nozzle is known, comprising a housing with a pressure gauge, connected at one end to a receiving fitting, a water supply valve with a handle, a foam mixer, and a handle for guiding the nozzle. The nozzle is characterized in that a branch with a half-coupling is mounted to the body of the outlet nozzle between the water supply valve and the foam mixer, forming an additional upper nozzle. In this case, the foam mixer is designed as an ejector with a nipple for sucking in a foam generator, and a cross-shaped stabilizer is installed in the outlet nozzle [RU 50251. Published 27.12.2005. Bulletin No. 36].

A low-expansion foam generator for subsurface fire extinguishing in a tank is known, comprising a housing with an opening for air supply, an opening for foam outlet from the housing and a nozzle for feeding a foaming agent solution, formed with a branch pipe, a cylindrical mixing chamber installed in the housing opposite the nozzle, a diffuser connected to the outlet opening of the mixing chamber, the nozzle branch pipe is made with a diameter the size of which is not less than the size of the internal diameter of the mixing chamber, wherein the mixing chamber is secured to the nozzle branch pipe, and holes for air supply are formed on its side surface. In a preferred embodiment of the generator, the mixing chamber is secured to the nozzle branch pipe using a threaded connection [RU 171877. Published 20.06.2017. Bulletin No. 17].

The Osipov fire nozzle is known, comprising a universal water-foam nozzle with an ejector device, designed as a confuser-diffuser branch pipe with specific geometric dimensions and angles. The nozzle is mounted on a trolley, suspended from a fire engine. A container with a hardener for producing fast-hardening foam or an additive for improving the fire-extinguishing properties of the substance supplied for extinguishing is also mounted on the trolley. The nozzle is equipped with an intake device for replenishing these components from an external container. The invention improves the operating efficiency, improves mobility and expands the scope of application of the nozzle [RU 2111782 A62C 31/02 A62C 31/12. Published 05/27/1998].

A foam generator of the KSS type is known, intended for use in automatic fire extinguishing systems by generating high-expansion polydisperse foam in conditions of smoke in a room while blocking fast-burning products with high-expansion polydisperse foam and containing a sprayer, a foam nozzle and a two-phase flow diffuser. The atomizer is connected to the foam nozzle body, made in the form of a cylindrical shell, installed coaxially and axially symmetrically relative to the atomizer, and on the foam nozzle body, in the part located closer to the atomizer, at least three windows for ejecting air are made, and at the outlet a two-phase flow divider is fixed, made in the form of a circular mesh, and the atomizer body is made with a channel for supplying liquid and has a coaxial sleeve, rigidly connected to the body with a nozzle fixed in its lower part, made in the form of a cylindrical two-stage sleeve, the upper cylindrical stage of which is connected by means of a threaded connection with a central core, installed with an annular gap relative to the inner surface of the cylindrical sleeve, and consisting of a cylindrical part with a swirler fixed coaxially in its lower part, made in the form of a cylinder with a central throttle hole, on the outer surface of which at least a two-start screw thread is made [RU 2502538 A62C 31/02. Published 27.12.2013. Bulletin No. 36].

A foam generator is known for use in automatic fire extinguishing systems by generating high-expansion polydisperse foam in smoke-filled rooms during blocking of fast-burning products with high-expansion polydisperse foam. To enhance fire extinguishing efficiency, the generator comprises a nozzle connected to a foam nozzle body, which is designed as a shell mounted coaxially and axisymmetrically relative to the nozzle. The body has at least three air ejection ports in the section closest to the nozzle. At the outlet, there is a two-phase flow divider designed as a circular mesh, a fluid supply channel, and a coaxial, rigidly connected sleeve with a nozzle secured at its bottom, designed as a cylindrical two-stage sleeve. The upper cylindrical stage of the sleeve is connected by a threaded connection to a central core, mounted with an annular gap relative to the inner surface of the cylindrical sleeve and consisting of a cylindrical portion with a spherical segment secured coaxially to it at the bottom, having throttling holes whose axes are located along the radii of the spherical surface forming the spherical segment. The annular gap is connected to at least three radial channels formed in the two-stage sleeve, connecting it to an annular cavity formed by the inner surface of the sleeve and the outer surface of the upper cylindrical stage, wherein the annular cavity is connected to a channel in the housing for supplying fluid. On the side surface of the cylindrical part of the central core, in its lower part connected to the spherical segment, at least two rows of cylindrical throttle holes are made, with axes lying in planes perpendicular to the axis of the core, and in each row at least three holes are made, while the axes of the throttle holes in adjacent rows are shifted by an angle lying in the range of 15÷60° [RU 2450840 A62C 31/02. Published: 20.05.2012. Bulletin No. 14].

A device for increasing the jet throw is known, in which the main working flow is divided into two independent coaxial flows, one of which is the working flow, and in the peripheral jet (flow) due to the suction of atmospheric air and an aqueous solution of surfactants, high-expansion foam is formed, which protects the main jet (flow) from external disturbances. The device comprises a housing, a cylindrical nozzle, coaxially fixed inside the housing and directing the supply of the peripheral jet, a pipeline for supplying a working agent, coaxially located inside the nozzle, and a branch pipe, radially fixed in the interannular space of the cylindrical nozzle and the pipeline and intended for supplying air and a surfactant into the annular gap between the main and peripheral flows, wherein perforations are made in the pipeline for supplying the working agent, and the cylindrical nozzle is plugged with a washer, which is inserted into the pipeline and welded tightly [RU 2225732 A62C 31/12. Published March 20, 2004. Bulletin No. 8].

A nozzle for a fire nozzle is known, which includes a conical body, inside which a flow body is installed, secured with stabilizing plates in a quantity equal to at least three, and a cylindrical spray branch pipe, characterized in that the conical body is made by twisting and butt-welding a reamer from a sheet material with a thickness of 0.2÷2 mm, wherein in the reamer there are through holes, at least three, for securing the stabilizing plates of the flow body in them. In this case, the cylindrical spray nozzle is made with an internal diameter that is 1.5÷2 mm larger than the diameter of the smaller cone of the conical body, and is attached to it by spot welding in a circle, forming gaps between the welding points, with the possibility of air penetration into them to form a two-phase flow at the surface in order to reduce the friction of the fire extinguishing liquid against the walls of the shower, leading to an increase in the flow rate and the range of the jet [RU 146274 A62C 31/02. Published 10.10.2014. Bulletin No. 28].

A monitor nozzle with a spray nozzle is known for delivering fire extinguishing liquid in the form of sprayed water or foam in jet and raster modes with a maximum capacity of 20 l/s and 40 l/s, including a cylindrical body with a flow regulator installed inside, and with an outlet channel in the form of a free space of a conical shape, limited on the inside by a screen made in the form of a socket, characterized in that the flow regulator is made in the form of a stabilizer, the screen is installed at the end of the stabilizer, on the outside the outlet channel is limited by a guide in the form of a sleeve turning into a socket, on the outer surface of the body a slider is installed with the possibility of its reciprocating movement along the outer surface of the body, wherein the slider is connected by a tape thread to a pusher fixed on the body, and in addition a steering wheel is installed on the slider with the possibility of moving the guide relative to the slider [RU 127640 A62C 31/02. Published 10.05.2013. Bulletin No. 13].

Known is a generator of air-mechanical foam of medium and low expansion for a monitor nozzle, developed earlier by the authors of the applicant, and a monitor nozzle with a generator of air-mechanical foam of medium and low expansion, which in order to increase the efficiency of fire extinguishing and fire and explosion prevention by providing the ability to generate and deliver foam of medium and low expansion to increased distances with the ability to regulate the expansion of the foam in the case of using water with additives of a foaming agent as a fire extinguishing agent or sprayed and dispersed water in the case of using water without additives of a foaming agent as a fire extinguishing agent, the generator of air-mechanical foam for a monitor nozzle, which forms a flow of water with additives of a foaming agent under pressure, contains a housing in the form of at least one hollow cylinder and a mesh coaxially installed in the housing in the form of an axisymmetric truncated cone with open bases on the side of the inlet to the generator of the flow of water with additives of a foaming agent coming from the monitor nozzle and on the side of the outlet from an air-mechanical foam generator. The housing with the mesh installed therein is provided with means for coaxially connecting to the monitor nozzle, forming an annular gap between the walls of the housing with the mesh installed therein and the monitor nozzle, with the possibility of ejecting air through the said annular gap between the walls of the housing with the mesh installed therein and the monitor nozzle and the mesh installed in the housing into the flow of water with foaming agent additives coming out of the monitor nozzle and obtaining a flow of air-mechanical foam at the outlet of the generator. The monitor nozzle is provided with an air-mechanical foam generator of the design specified above [RU 2713249 A62C31/02. Published 04.02.2020. Bulletin No. 4].

A device for increasing the jet throw is known, in which the main working flow is divided into two independent coaxial flows, one of which is the working flow, and in the peripheral jet (flow) due to the suction of atmospheric air and an aqueous solution of surfactants, high-expansion foam is formed, which protects the main jet (flow) from external disturbances. The device comprises a housing, a cylindrical nozzle, coaxially fixed inside the housing and directing the supply of the peripheral jet, a pipeline for supplying a working agent, coaxially located inside the nozzle, and a branch pipe, radially fixed in the interannular space of the cylindrical nozzle and the pipeline and intended for supplying air and a surfactant into the annular gap between the main and peripheral flows, wherein perforations are made in the pipeline for supplying the working agent, and the cylindrical nozzle is plugged with a washer, which is inserted into the pipeline and welded tightly [RU 2225732 A62C 31/12. Published March 20, 2004. Bulletin No. 8].

A device for combined fire extinguishing and fire and explosion prevention is known, which, for the purpose of increasing the efficiency and safety of fire extinguishing and fire and explosion prevention, comprises a medium- and low-expansion foam generator, including nozzles for delivering fire extinguishing agent to medium-expansion foam generating grids and a low-expansion foam generating nozzle, and a fire extinguishing agent supply pipeline. A three-way valve with an additional low-expansion foam generating nozzle connected thereto is installed on the fire extinguishing agent supply pipeline, with the ability, upon switching the shut-off element of the three-way valve to the appropriate operating position, to deliver fire extinguishing agent both to the medium- and low-expansion foam generator and to the additional low-expansion foam generating nozzle, or only to the medium- and low-expansion foam generator, or only to the additional low-expansion foam generating nozzle. When using an aqueous foaming agent solution as a fire extinguishing agent, the device generates either combined medium- and low-expansion foam with an average expansion of 30-40, or low-expansion foam with an expansion of 5-10. When using water as a fire extinguishing agent, the device generates either combined atomized and dispersed water with an average dispersion of 150 µm, or dispersed water with a dispersion of more than 200 µm [RU 186119 A62C 15/00, A62C 37/00, A62C 31/12. Published 09.01.2019. Bulletin No. 1].

The applicants previously developed a system and method for pulsed fire suppression on seagoing vessels, offshore platforms, and coastal facilities. The utility model, when used, improves the performance and effectiveness of extinguishing rapidly developing hydrocarbon fires by increasing the range of a combined jet of low- and medium-expansion foam to 100 meters or more. The method involves delivering a pulsed, combined water-air jet of low- and medium-expansion foam to the fire zone. A system for extinguishing fires on sea vessels, offshore platforms and coastal facilities comprises a pumping station with a water supply unit, a foam concentrate tank and a fire extinguishing unit, all located in a container and connected by pipelines, designed with the capability of creating and delivering, under pressure, a pulsed combined water-air jet of foam with an expansion ratio of, in particular, from 7 to 20 and medium-expansion foam with an expansion ratio of, in particular, from 20 to 100 [RU 2442626 A62C 35/00, A62C 5/02. Published 20.02.2012. Bulletin No. 5].

The applicants previously developed a method and devices for fire and explosion prevention and fire extinguishing using hybrid air-mechanical foam, obtained by turbulent mixing during the co-movement of jets of low-expansion air-mechanical foam and medium-expansion air-mechanical foam, and the delivery of at least one jet of hybrid foam, obtained by turbulent mixing during the co-movement of jets of low-expansion air-mechanical foam and medium-expansion air-mechanical foam, to the fire and explosion prevention and fire zone. This increases the effectiveness of fire and explosion prevention and fire extinguishing due to the increased range, uniformity, and softer distribution of water-air foam over the fire area [RU 2757479 A62C 3/06, A62C 5/02. Published 18.10.2021. Bulletin No. 29].

The peculiarity of the method and device for fire and explosion prevention and fire extinguishing RU 2757479 is that, compared to conventional air-mechanical foam of medium expansion, the range and power of the hybrid foam jets are increased, but insufficient for the effective and safe extinguishing of large-scale emergency expansion fires and fire and explosion prevention.

A device for fire and explosion prevention and extinguishing large-scale emergency transport and emergency industrial fires using combined hybrid foam is known to have been previously developed by the applicant's authors. The device, in order to increase the effectiveness of fire and explosion prevention and extinguishing large-scale emergency transport and emergency industrial fires by increasing the range, uniformity and softer distribution of water-air foam over the fire area, and increasing safety, contains a nozzle of air-mechanical foam with an expansion ratio of 5-10 located below and a generator of air-mechanical foam with an expansion ratio of 25-50 located directly above it, made with the possibility of forming and supplying under pressure into the fire and explosion prevention and fire zone a jet of combined air-mechanical foam with an expansion ratio of 20-40, obtained as a result of turbulent shock-free mixing in the process of joint co-movement of a jet of air-mechanical foam with an expansion ratio of 25-50 and low-pressure air-mechanical foam. expansion with an expansion ratio of 5-10 at their mass ratio by aqueous solution of foaming agent from 1:1 to 1:3, wherein the generator of air-mechanical foam with an expansion ratio of 25-50 is designed with the possibility of forming, by means of turbulent mixing in the process of co-movement under the pressure of coaxial, contacting or intersecting jets of air-mechanical foam with an expansion ratio of 25-70 and air-mechanical foam with an expansion ratio of 5-10 [RU 2829480 A62C3/0, A62C5/02. Published 10/30/2024. Bulletin No. 31].

The closest in technical essence and achievable technical result (prototype) is a device previously developed by the applicant's authors for combined extinguishing of large-scale fires of classes A and B and for fire and explosion prevention with air-mechanical combined foam of low and medium expansion, which, in order to increase the efficiency of fire extinguishing and explosion and fire prevention by increasing the range and uniformity of distribution of foam of medium and low expansion over the area of the fire and to increase the safety of the process of extinguishing fires and fire and explosion prevention at particularly fire and explosion hazardous facilities, contains two generators of combined foam of low and medium expansion, fixed on a crossbeam, containing a housing with a package of grids for generating foam of medium expansion, located inside the housing, a block of nozzles located in front of the housing for feeding an aqueous solution of foaming agent to the package of grids for generating foam of medium expansion, a nozzle for forming low expansion foam, a pipeline for supplying an aqueous solution of foaming agent to the nozzles and the nozzle for forming low expansion foam and a means of connecting foam generator to a pressure pipeline of an aqueous solution of foaming agent, a means of automated rotation of the crossbar with foam generators fixed to it in the vertical and horizontal planes [RU 2693612 A62B 15/00. Published 03.07.2019. Bulletin No. 19 (prototype)].

A common drawback of known water-foam fire extinguishing devices is the complexity of their designs, insufficient efficiency for extinguishing large-scale emergency transport fires, due to insufficient range and low foam generation capacity.

Task and technical result

It is known that when extinguishing large-scale industrial, forest, emergency transport and emergency industrial fires, controlled, rapid and uniform coverage of the entire fire-hazardous area with fire extinguishing agents is required, preferably with medium-expansion water-air foam with an expansion rate of 30±10 from the most remote positions.

The main technical problem (an inventive task that has not yet been resolved) that hinders the possibility of effective use of known fire extinguishing means (foam generators and monitor nozzles) with a relatively short range is the need for personnel to be present in the immediate vicinity of the fire.

In this regard, there is a pressing need to quickly prevent fires and explosions, reduce combustion intensity, and extinguish various large-scale fires using various fire extinguishing agents that are simple in design and use, including air-mechanical foam of medium and low expansion, and sprayed water, over large areas of fire involving flammable liquids, solid flammable materials, liquefied natural and hydrocarbon gases (LNG and LPG), when and where prompt coverage of the entire fire-hazardous area with various fire extinguishing agents is required from the most remote positions to prevent fires and extinguish fires.

This is only possible with the availability and widespread use of structurally simple and technologically advanced, yet easy-to-use devices for generating medium and low expansion foam and sprayed water in various designs with the ability to be moved and controlled remotely.

The technical result achieved through the use of the proposed device is an increase in the efficiency of fire extinguishing and fire and explosion prevention through the creation and use of devices that are technologically advanced in manufacture, simple and functional in use, with the ability to generate and deliver significant volumes of medium and low expansion foam from remote positions.

The essence of the utility model

The stated problem is solved and the required technical result is achieved by the fact that the device for combined fire extinguishing with air-mechanical foam of medium expansion contains

a branch pipe for supplying fire extinguishing agent from a pressure pipeline and two generators of combined low and medium expansion foam attached to a crossbar and a low expansion foam generator located in parallel below in the form of a low expansion foam or sprayed water monitor nozzle of an original design, containing

a housing with a flange for connection to the fire extinguishing agent supply pipe from the fire extinguishing agent pressure pipeline on one side and a cylindrical casing of the barrel attached to the housing to form cavities for supplying air to the barrel on the other side and

a sprayer coaxially mounted in the housing, containing

a central nozzle and swirler cups located around it with nozzles installed at the outlet of them,

manufactured with the ability, when operating together, to form and deliver under pressure into the fire, explosion and fire prevention zone a flow of combined air-mechanical foam with a multiplicity of 30±10,

obtained as a result of turbulent shock-free mixing during the joint co-movement of a jet of air-mechanical foam with an expansion of 30-60 generated by a medium-expansion foam generator and low-expansion air-mechanical foam with an expansion of 10-15 generated by a low-expansion generator.

The casing of the gun mount is equipped with a diffuser and in the gun mount

The central nozzle and swirler cups are fixed in the housing by means of a transversely mounted diaphragm with a central opening for the central nozzle and peripheral openings for the swirler cups.

The swirl cups are made with solid bottoms facing the direction of the fire extinguishing agent supply and asymmetrical openings in the side walls.

In this case, the combined fire extinguishing device can be

equipped with a means for regulating the pressure and volume of fire extinguishing agent supplied from the pressure pipeline to the monitor nozzle,

equipped with automated barrel rotation in vertical and horizontal planes and oscillatory movements with the possibility of their remote control and

manufactured with the possibility of its installation on a means of transportation in the form of a tractor, motorcar, automobile, automobile trailer, watercraft, aerial platform, fire-fighting foam lift, fire train, motor-mechanical sliding ladder or manipulator, on a stationary platform or on a gas and oil production platform.

Brief description of the drawings

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by drawings and photographs of full-scale samples developed by the authors, which show in detail modifications of the original design of combined fire extinguishing devices with medium expansion foam generators and a low expansion foam generator in the form of a low expansion foam or sprayed water monitor nozzle, on which the following are indicated by position numbers: 1 - a branch pipe for feeding a fire extinguishing agent in the form of an aqueous solution of a foam generator or water from a pressure pipeline of the fire extinguishing agent to the medium expansion foam generators and to the monitor nozzle; 2 - a nozzle nozzle; 3 - a barrel casing; 4 - screws for fastening the barrel casing to the nozzle; 5 - a medium expansion foam generator additionally installed above the monitor nozzle; 6 - a protective ring on the end of the barrel casing; 7 - a cylindrical body of the nozzle; 8 - a flange for fastening the nozzle body to the branch pipe for feeding the fire extinguishing agent; 9 - flange for fastening the barrel casing to the sprayer body with radially located holes for supplying air to the barrel; 10 - central nozzle coaxially located in the sprayer body; 11 - swirler cups; 12 - edge holes in the diaphragm located along the circumference of the central nozzle for the outlet of swirling flows of fire extinguishing agent from the swirler cups; 13 - bolts for fixing the central nozzle in the central hole of the diaphragm; 14 - bolts for fastening the diaphragm to the sprayer body; 15 - holes for bolts for fastening the barrel casing to the sprayer.

Fig. 1 shows a general view of the proposed combined fire extinguishing device with a monitor nozzle of the original design of the UKTP PURGA 250 type, in which the position numbers indicate the fire extinguishing agent supply pipe 1, the cylindrical body of the nozzle sprayer 2, the cylindrical casing of the barrel 3 and the screws for fastening the casing of the barrel to the body of the sprayer 4.

Fig. 2 is a photo of the nozzle attachment unit to the fire extinguishing agent supply pipeline from the pressure pipeline, where the fire extinguishing agent supply pipe 1, the flange 8 for attaching the nozzle nozzle to the fire extinguishing agent supply pipe, the cylindrical body of the nozzle 2 and the flange 9 for attaching the nozzle casing to the nozzle body with radially located holes around the circumference for air to enter the monitor nozzle are shown.

Fig. 3 shows a view inside the barrel from the foam outlet side.

Fig. 4 shows a general view of the barrel casing 3, showing the screws 4 for fastening the barrel casing to the sprayer and the protective ring 6 at the end of the barrel casing.

Fig. 5 is a side view of the body 7 of the barrel sprayer with a flange 8 for fastening the body of the sprayer to the fire extinguishing agent supply pipe and a flange 9 for fastening the barrel casing to the body of the sprayer with cutouts for openings for air to enter the barrel.

Fig. 6 is a view of the barrel sprayer from the side where the fire extinguishing agent is supplied to the barrel, where the flange 8 for fastening the sprayer body to the fire extinguishing agent supply pipe and the flange 9 for fastening the barrel casing to the sprayer body are shown.

Fig. 7 shows a section of a nozzle installed at the outlets of the fire extinguishing agent from the swirler cups.

Fig. 8 is a view of the longitudinal section of the swirler cup 11 with longitudinal asymmetric rectangular openings in the side walls with corners rounded with a radius R.

Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional view of the swirler cup 11 with asymmetrical rectangular openings in the side walls.

Fig. 10 is a cross-sectional view of the central nozzle 10.

Fig. 11 shows a view of a diaphragm with a hole in the central part for the central nozzle, with large holes for the exit of the fire extinguishing agent from the swirler cups and with small holes for the diaphragm fixing bolts.

Fig. 12 is a sectional view of a sprayer with a diaphragm with fastening bolts 13, a central nozzle 10 and swirler cups 11 installed in its body 7.

Fig. 13 shows a view of the sprayer from the side where foam or sprayed water is released.

Fig. 14-21 show photographs of design variants of combined fire extinguishing devices (CFED) developed by the applicant under the applicant's trademark "PURGA" of varying performance (from 150 to 300 liters per second by volume of fire extinguishing agent) with a low-expansion foam monitor nozzle (when using an aqueous solution of foaming agent as a fire extinguishing agent) or sprayed water (when using an aqueous solution of foaming agent as a fire extinguishing agent), as well as with a medium-expansion foam generator installed above the proposed monitor nozzle.

Fig. 22 and 23 show, respectively, the irrigation map and the map of the radius of action of the combined fire extinguishing device "UKTP" under the applicant's trademark "PURGA" with the proposed monitor nozzle with a capacity of 150-300 liters per second of fire extinguishing agent.

Implementation and industrial realization of the utility model

A characteristic feature of the original design of the monitor nozzle, shown in detail in the drawings, proposed as part of the combined fire extinguishing device, is the presence of a sprayer at the monitor nozzle, containing a cylindrical body, a central nozzle coaxially located in it with swirler cups located in a circle around it with solid bottoms facing the supply side of the fire extinguishing agent, asymmetrical openings in the side walls and nozzles at the outlet, which together ensure the formation of a laminar central flow of the fire extinguishing agent at the outlet of the sprayer and edge turbulently swirling flows of a mixture of the fire extinguishing agent and air, which, as a result of their intensive mixing in the nozzle, create at the outlet of the nozzle a long-range flow of air-mechanical low-expansion foam or sprayed water with an expansion ratio of 10-15 when using a foaming agent solution or water as a fire extinguishing agent, respectively.

When a low-expansion foam stream coming out of the barrel comes into contact with two medium-expansion foam streams coming out of two generators mounted on the crossbar located above, during their joint co-movement, a combined stream of air-mechanical foam is formed with a final average expansion of 30±10 at the moment of entry into the fire zone.

The low-expansion foam jet generated in the barrel, which has a higher density and greater kinetic energy than medium-expansion foam, moves at a higher speed, entraining the medium-expansion foam jet. It is the first to strike the burning surface and, with its higher heat capacity, cools the burning surface. This protects the subsequent medium-expansion foam jets generated in the two generators from thermal impact and rapid destruction.

The following two jets of medium expansion foam primarily isolate the combustion zone from flammable vapors, gases and atmospheric oxygen.

The combined action of low- and medium-expansion foam jets ensures effective fire extinguishing and fire and explosion prevention at accident sites involving flammable and explosive materials.

At the same time, the low-expansion foam jet positioned below, having a higher density, greater kinetic energy and, accordingly, a greater range, ensures a longer delivery range of two jets of medium-expansion foam compared to conventional medium-expansion foam generators, which also ensures effective fire extinguishing and fire and explosion prevention at accident sites and with flammable and explosive materials.

It is known that air-mechanical foam is an effective and widely used fire extinguishing agent, which is a dispersed system consisting of air bubbles separated by films of liquid containing a foaming agent [GOST R 50588-2012. Foaming agents for fire extinguishing. General technical requirements and testing methods].

The main physical and chemical properties of foam are:

multiplicity - the ratio of the volume of foam to the volume of foaming agent solution contained in the foam;

dispersion - the degree of grinding of bubbles (size of bubbles);

viscosity - the ability of foam to spread over a surface;

durability - the ability of foam to resist the process of destruction [ibid.].

Depending on the multiplicity value (K), foams are divided into four groups:

foam emulsions, K < 3;

low-expansion foams, 3 < K < 20;

medium expansion foams, 20 < K < 200;

high expansion foams, K > 200 [Sharovarnikov A.F., Sharovarnikov S.A. Foaming agents and fire extinguishing foams. Composition, properties, application. Moscow: Pozhnauka, 2005. - 335 p.].

The fire extinguishing properties of air-mechanical foam include:

cooling effect - caused by the presence of a significant amount of liquid in the predominantly low expansion foam;

insulating action - preventing the entry of flammable vapors, gases or air into the combustion zone, causing the cessation of combustion.

The cooling effect of the foam is due to the water released from the foam.

The insulating effect is due to the formation of a foam layer, which prevents oxygen from reaching the fire zone, including:

separation effect, which consists of isolating the liquid from the vapor phase;

displacement effect, which causes the isolation of a combustible substance from the air;

a blocking effect in which the foam prevents the evaporation of the flammable liquid.

Low expansion foams (3 < K < 20), due to the significant amount of water in the interbubble partitions (in the Plateau-Gibbs channels), predominantly exhibit a cooling effect, caused by the cooling effect of the foam itself and the water released from the foam.

Medium expansion foams (20 < K < 200), due to the smaller amount of water in the interbubble partitions (in the Plateau-Gibbs channels), predominantly exhibit an isolating fire extinguishing effect, caused by the creation of an oxygen-depleted and water vapor-saturated atmosphere above the combustion zone, which helps to slow down and completely stop the combustion.

Due to the greater amount of water present in low-expansion foam and the correspondingly greater density (weight per unit volume), low-expansion foams can be delivered from greater distances than medium-expansion foams, which significantly impacts the safety of firefighting personnel during large-scale fires and explosive accidents involving liquefied gases.

Medium expansion foams provide high insulating performance, but due to their lower density they can be applied and reach the fire zone from short distances.

It is also known that at different stages of fires and fire and explosion hazardous situations, namely at the stages of occurrence, development, intense combustion, extinction and possible renewal of a fire or emergency situation, it is effective to use at different periods either air-mechanical foam of different (low, medium or high) expansion, or sprayed and dispersed water, which accordingly requires the timely use of various foam generators and fire nozzles capable of generating either high-expansion foam, or medium-expansion foam, or low-expansion foam, or to ensure the supply of sprayed or dispersed water.

It is also known that air-mechanical foam with an expansion ratio of 30±10 is optimal for fire extinguishing and fire and explosion prevention, since it allows not only to effectively contain the high temperature of the flame without significant destruction of the volume of the foam itself, that is, to more effectively isolate the surface of the fire, but also to deliver foam jets over significantly greater distances compared to high-expansion foam jets or combined jets of high- and medium-expansion foam.

An effective modern fire extinguishing agent is the air-mechanical hybrid foam of medium expansion, previously proposed by the applicant's authors, consisting of polydisperse bubbles with a thickened (water-saturated) shell - foam of reduced (low) expansion, and bubbles with a thinned (dehydrated) shell - foam of high (medium) expansion, which, when mixed during joint movement, form foam of medium expansion [RU 2757106, A62C 5/02. Published 11.10.2021. BI 29; RU 2757479, A62C 5/02. Published 18.10.2021. BI 29] and devices previously developed by the applicant for extinguishing fires and preventing fires and explosions using medium expansion foam [RU 2693615, RU 2693612, RU 2664266, RU 2700028, RU 2703592, RU 2703594, RU 2708109, RU 2589562], which provide for the delivery of medium expansion foam over distances of up to 30-50 m.

At the same time, known medium expansion foam generators cannot provide medium expansion foam from remote distances, which limits their use in extinguishing large-scale forest, industrial and emergency transport fires due to the high risk to fire department personnel working in the fire zone.

The proposed monitor nozzle of an original design provides a solution to the current problem of delivering air-mechanical foam of medium expansion from remote positions.

The proposed combined fire extinguishing device, which has in its composition two generators fixed on the cross-arm: a medium expansion foam generator and a low expansion foam generator in the form of a monitor nozzle of an original design, can be used in extinguishing various forest, emergency transport, emergency industrial and other large-scale fires, in particular in extinguishing various fires of flammable and combustible liquids, liquefied natural and hydrocarbon gases (LNG and LPG), solid combustible materials, vehicles and industrial and technical equipment, as well as for the creation of light and heat protection screens and cooling in areas of accidents, catastrophes, natural disasters, for degassing and decontamination, camouflage of civilian and military objects.

The monitor nozzle as part of the proposed combined fire extinguishing system functions as follows:

A fire extinguishing agent in the form of a foaming agent solution or water is supplied under pressure from a pressure pipeline into the sprayer and enters the central nozzle located therein and swirler cups with solid bottoms facing the direction of the fire extinguishing agent supply, asymmetrical openings in the side walls and nozzles at the outlet, arranged in a circle around the central nozzle, with the latter having a laminar central flow of the fire extinguishing agent with an expansion ratio at the sprayer outlet and edge turbulently swirling flows of a mixture of the fire extinguishing agent and air, which, as a result of their intensive mixing in the barrel, create at the barrel outlet a long-range flow of low-expansion air-mechanical foam or sprayed water with an average expansion ratio of 10-15 when using a foaming agent solution or water, respectively, as a fire extinguishing agent.

As the authors' research has shown, the use of the proposed low-expansion air-mechanical foam or sprayed water monitor is most effective in combination with a single medium-expansion foam generator located directly above it.

When the proposed monitor nozzle is used in combination with two medium expansion foam generators, the co-moving streams of low expansion foam or dispersed water moving from below, having a higher density and, accordingly, a larger reserve of kinetic energy compared to medium expansion foam and sprayed water, move at a higher speed, entraining the streams of medium expansion foam moving from above, are the first to touch the burning surface and, having a higher heat capacity, cool the burning surface, and the following stream of medium expansion foam creates an insulating layer in the fire zone.

As a result, the subsequent flows of medium expansion foam or sprayed water formed as a result of mixing are protected from thermal effects and rapid destruction and evaporation, which also increases the effectiveness of fire extinguishing and fire and explosion prevention.

At the same time, the jet of low expansion foam or dispersed water located below, having a higher density, greater kinetic energy and, accordingly, a greater range, ensures a longer delivery of up to 60-120 m of medium expansion foam or sprayed water compared to conventional medium expansion foam or sprayed water generators.

The original design of the proposed low-expansion monitor nozzle as part of the combined fire extinguishing device, together with the medium-expansion foam generator in the combined fire extinguishing devices of various designs developed by the authors, ensures the combined movement with mixing of low- and medium-expansion foam flows, which ensures the delivery of fire extinguishing agents over remote distances and increases the efficiency of fire extinguishing and fire and explosion prevention by delivering air-mechanical foam of medium expansion or sprayed water with an optimal expansion of 30±10 to the fire or fire and explosion prevention zone.

Full-scale tests of the samples shown in the photo, in design variants with a capacity of 150 to 300 liters of fire extinguishing agent per second, demonstrated the possibility of generating low-expansion air-mechanical foam or sprayed water and medium-expansion foam at a distance of up to 100 meters or more.

Thus, the use of the proposed technical solutions ensures the confident achievement of the technical result, namely, it significantly increases the efficiency of fire extinguishing and fire and explosion prevention by providing the ability to generate and deliver medium and low expansion foam to increased distances with the ability to regulate the foam expansion in the case of using water with foam additives as a fire extinguishing agent or sprayed and dispersed water in the case of using water without foam additives as a fire extinguishing agent, and also proves that all essential features of the utility model are in a causal relationship with the technical result obtained from the use of the utility model.

Specific materials, design features and manufacturing technologies of the device and/or its individual parts are selected in the usual manner in relation to the specific conditions of its operation.

The production of prototypes and the examples of tests in real conditions shown above demonstrated the confident achievement of the technical result.

Various materials and design solutions known in fire extinguishing technology, typically used in the manufacture and use of monitor nozzles, foam generators and devices with monitor nozzles with foam generators, can be used as individual elements and units of the proposed extinguishing devices.

Full-scale field tests demonstrated a confident solution to the task and the achievement of the required technical result, namely, the implementation of this utility model allows for an increase in the effectiveness of fire and explosion prevention and extinguishing of large-scale emergency transport and emergency industrial fires by increasing the range, uniformity and softer distribution of combined air-mechanical foam over the fire area, increasing the safety of the fire extinguishing process and fire and explosion prevention at particularly fire and explosion hazardous facilities and in the elimination of technological and transport accidents by preventing fires, explosions, reducing the intensity of combustion and extinguishing fires in the transport, energy, oil production, oil refining, gas production, gas processing and chemical industries.

The use of a fire extinguishing agent in the form of a combined foam, which has the combined enhanced kinetic properties of low-expansion foam jets and the enhanced fire extinguishing properties of medium-expansion foam, is due to the need to ensure rapid fire extinguishing at particularly explosive and fire-hazardous facilities associated with the rapid development of a fire and the transition of a fire from the initial stage of development in a matter of minutes to catastrophic fires with difficult to predict consequences.

By combining the high kinetic energy characteristics of a long-range, low-expansion air-mechanical foam jet formed by a monitor nozzle and the increased fire-extinguishing properties of two medium-expansion foam jets with an average total expansion of 30±10, the use of the proposed utility model ensures:

rapid extinguishing of various fires over large areas;

extinguishing a fire with high energy;

extinguishing large-scale fires from a distance (up to 160 meters or more) using long-range jets of combined hybrid foam, which is especially important in cases where it is impossible to approach the sources of large fires due to transport, high-temperature, explosive, and other restrictions.

The analysis also shows that all general and specific features of a utility model are essential, since each of them is necessary, and all together they are not only sufficient to achieve the purpose of the utility model, but also allow the utility model to be implemented industrially.

Taking into account the novelty of the essential features, the technical solution to the problem, the significance of all general and specific features of the utility model proven in the section "Prior Art" and "Essence of the Utility Model", the technical feasibility and industrial applicability of the utility model proven in the section "Implementation of the Utility Model", the successful solution of the problem and the confident achievement of the required technical result in the implementation and use of the utility model, as well as the presence of a cause-and-effect relationship between the essential features and the technical result, in our opinion, the claimed utility model satisfies all the requirements of protectability imposed on utility models.

Claims (9)

1. A combined fire extinguishing device comprising a branch pipe for supplying a fire extinguishing agent from a pressure pipeline and two generators of combined medium expansion foam attached to a crossbar and a generator of air-mechanical low expansion foam located in parallel below, characterized in that the generator of air-mechanical low expansion foam is made in the form of a monitor nozzle containing a housing with a flange for connection to the branch pipe for supplying a fire extinguishing agent from a pressure pipeline of the fire extinguishing agent on one side, and a cylindrical casing of the nozzle attached to the housing to form cavities for supplying air to the nozzle on the other side, and a central nozzle coaxially mounted in the housing with swirler cups located around it with nozzles installed at the outlet from them. 2. A combined fire extinguishing device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that in the monitor barrel the central nozzle and swirler cups are fixed in the housing by means of a transversely installed diaphragm with a central opening for the central nozzle and peripheral openings for the swirler cups. 3. A combined fire extinguishing device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the swirl cups in the monitor nozzle are made with solid bottoms facing the direction of the fire extinguishing agent supply and asymmetrical openings in the side walls. 4. A combined fire extinguishing device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the end of the barrel casing in the monitor nozzle contains a diffuser. 5. A combined fire extinguishing device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that the air-mechanical medium expansion foam generator comprises a housing with a stack of medium expansion foam generating meshes located inside the housing, a block of nozzles located in front of the housing for supplying an aqueous foaming agent solution to the stack of medium expansion foam generating meshes, a low expansion foam generating nozzle, a pipeline for supplying an aqueous foaming agent solution to the nozzles and the low expansion foam generating nozzle, and a means for connecting the foam generator to a pressure pipeline of the fire extinguishing agent. 6. A combined fire extinguishing device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that it is manufactured with the ability to form and deliver under pressure to the fire and explosion prevention and fire zone a flow of combined air-mechanical foam with an expansion ratio of 30 ± 10 with a delivery range of up to 100 m, obtained as a result of mixing in the process of joint co-movement of an upstream combined flow of air-mechanical foam of medium expansion with an expansion ratio of 30 to 60 and a downstream flow of air-mechanical foam of low expansion with an expansion ratio of 10 to 15. 7. A combined fire extinguishing device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that it is equipped with means for regulating the pressure and volume of the fire extinguishing agent supplied. 8. A combined fire extinguishing device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that it is equipped with means for automated rotation in vertical and horizontal planes and/or oscillatory movements. 9. A combined fire extinguishing device according to paragraph 1, characterized in that it is manufactured with the possibility of its installation on a means of transportation in the form of a tractor, motorized car, automobile, automobile trailer, watercraft, aerial platform, fire foam lift, fire train, motorized sliding ladder or manipulator, on a stationary platform or on a gas and oil production platform.