RU2369715C1 - Facility for rotor-spindle drilling of wells - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil and gas production.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to drilling of oil and gas wells. The facility consists of a drilling column, an axial support made in form of a spindle with a case, hollow shaft with openings and sealing, and of centring elements. An additional case of the facility is installed between the drilling column and the spindle case; a torsion shaft attached to the spindle shaft is assembled inside the additional case of the facility on one axis. An upper cross-beam is arranged in an upper part of the additional case; holes and a seat are made in the upper cross-beam; jet nozzles adjusted by diametre are installed in the holes of the upper cross-beam and serve for flow of flush fluid. A lower cross bar with openings for flush fluid flow and a central faceted hole where a faceted part of the torsion shaft comes in is installed in an upper part of the additional case. An upper compression spring is arranged between the upper cross-beam and an upper part of the torsion shaft. From one to three parallel and/or successive compression springs are put on the torsion shaft in the additional case of the facility; the springs rest on a plate with holes for flush liquid flow and on a collar in a lower part of the torsion shaft. A ring and a branch for adjustment of spring compression are installed above the said springs. The lower end of the torsion shaft has either a thread or slits.

EFFECT: increased mechanical rate of penetration of well and headway per drill bit.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of drilling oil and gas wells and can be used to improve the technology of drilling a section of rocks.

The closest technical solution is the rotary drilling device, taken as a prototype, consisting of a drill string, a drill bit and a housing integrated in one axis between them using housing sub, in which the shaft, axial and radial bearings, seals, plate springs with different winding directions are placed, connecting the housing and the shaft of the device [SU 1726722 A1, cl. ЕВВ 4/06, publ. 04/15/92. Bull. No. 14].

The main disadvantages of the device for rotary drilling are as follows.

In a device for simultaneously transmitting torque M and axial force G to the bit, it is proposed to use twisted twin springs with different winding directions, which is technically difficult to perform due to the limited diameter of the borehole space. For the application of such springs, there are no exact calculations, since their stiffness along the axis, as well as torsion, varies nonlinearly. Therefore, the mechanism of simultaneous transmission of M and G is ineffective, especially if it is necessary to maintain a certain rigidity of the transmission of G to the bit. At the same time, it is technically difficult to change the place of application G along the length (along the axis of the wells) of such springs. The selection of this type and combination of springs in order to simultaneously guarantee the reduction of the possibility and the need to prevent resonance phenomena in the elastic transmission link M and G is difficult. From experience in operating a spindle type with various springs and springs in railway cars, it is known that their potential resource for failure with axial forces of more than 20 kN is very small and limited in time to several hours of operation.

In addition to those noted, there are other drawbacks in the known device: there is no mechanism for increasing the pressure drop in the flow of flushing fluid, which can create the necessary hydraulic axial force G _g on the spindle shaft when jet nozzles of the bit cannot be used, especially when drilling with fillers to eliminate absorption in well.

The task to which the claimed technical solution is directed is to separate the functions of transmitting torque M and axial load G to the bit with the introduction of new elements in the device for rotary spindle drilling.

The technical result consists in increasing the mechanical speed of the hole and the penetration of the bit by increasing the efficiency of the impact of the arms (teeth) of the bit on the rock on the bottom of the well and increase the operating time of the device and bit and a multiple increase in the volume of drillable rock.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the device for rotary spindle drilling of wells contains a drill string, an axial support in the form of a spindle with a housing, a hollow shaft with holes and seals and centering elements, between the drill string and the spindle housing an additional housing of the device is integrated to the spindle shaft a torsion shaft is attached along one axis; in the upper part of the device’s additional housing, an upper beam is built-in, in which holes are made for installing jet nozzles adjustable in diameter and a socket for centering the upper spring resting on the washer and faceted part of the torsion shaft, the lower beam with holes is integrated in the upper part of the device’s additional case for passage of washing liquid through them and a central faceted hole in which the faceted part of the torsion shaft is placed; in an additional device case, one to three springs are worn on the torsion shaft in parallel and / or sequentially working to compress the springs with their support on a plate with holes for the passage of flushing fluid, a ring and a nozzle are installed over the springs to adjust the values of the spring compression, attached to the lower centering element chisel sub; a plate with holes for passage of flushing fluid is mounted on the shoulder or on the conical part of the torsion shaft, and the lower end of the torsion shaft is threaded or with splines.

The causal relationship between the claimed technical result and the essential features of the technical solution is as follows. The increase in mechanical speed is ensured by the fact that the operation of the device is characterized by the effect on the rock by inserting between the drill string and the axial support-spindle used in the downhole motor, an additional device.

In the housing of the auxiliary device with a torsion shaft resting on the spindle shaft, there are several compression steel springs, a lower beam for transmitting torque M and axial force G to the bit, an upper beam fixed in the housing of the additional device above the torsion shaft, with the possibility improved regulation of the hydraulic load on the device shaft and on the bit. To regulate the hydraulic load in the upper crosshead, holes were made for embedding jet nozzles with calculated output diameters and a socket for centering the upper spring resting on the upper part of the torsion shaft.

The drawing shows a device for rotary spindle drilling of wells, where arrows denote G _compress , G _ol , T _p - axial forces from the weight of the compressed part of the drill string, from the pre-loaded springs and the axial support of the spindle; G _g , G - hydraulic force on the device shaft and axial load on the bit.

A device for rotary spindle drilling of wells includes a drill string 1, an axial support 2, made in the form of a spindle with a housing 3, a hollow shaft 4 with holes 5 and seals 6, and centering elements 7 (lower, middle and upper). Between the drill string 1 and the spindle housing 3, an additional device housing 8 is integrated. The additional housing 8 of the device is rigidly connected to the housing 3 of the spindle. Inside the additional housing 8 of the device is located on one axis of the torsion shaft 9, attached to the hollow shaft 4 of the spindle. In the upper part of the additional housing 8 of the device, an upper traverse 10 is integrated, in which holes are made for installing diameter-adjustable jet nozzles 11 in them, and a socket 12. In the upper part of the additional housing 8 of the device, for example, a lower beam 13 with holes is inserted using threads 14 for passage of washing liquid through them, and a central faceted hole 15 is made, in which a faceted part 16 of the torsion shaft 9 is placed. The lower beam 13 is fixed with a lock nut 17. Between the faceted part 16 of the torsion bar about the shaft 9, a washer 19 and an upper steel spring 20 are installed on its upper part 18, inserted for centering by the upper end into the socket 12. In the additional housing 8 of the device, one to three steel springs are worn on the torsion shaft 9 in parallel and / or in series 21 with their support on the ring 22. Above the springs 21 there is a ring 23 and a pipe 24 for adjusting the values of the compression of the springs 21. A bit is connected to the lower centering element 7 through a sub 25. The ring 22 is mounted on the shoulder 26 or on the lower part 27 of the torsion shaft 9. The lower end 27 of the torsion shaft 9 is made with thread or with slots in the shape of a cone.

When forming the assembly of the drill string 1, the length of its steel part in the compressed state l _sr is determined by the formula:

,

,

where C is the speed of sound in the material of a dynamically active section of a drilling tool, m / s;

f _{s the} frequency of axial vibrations of the teeth of the bit, taking into account the deformation of the bottom of the well, Hz;

G _C - axial load on the bottom of the well, N;

G _GW - hydraulic axial force on the spindle shaft, N;

q _squ - the weight of one meter of drill pipe, N / m;

G _TP - axial friction forces of the drill string when moving to the bottom of the well, N.

The device operates as follows. When drilling, a separate transmission of torque M and axial load G from the drill string 1 to the spindle shaft 4 and the bit is carried out. The torque M and the axial load G from the drill string 1 to the spindle shaft 4 and then through the sub 25 to the bit are transmitted through the torsion shaft 9 and the lower beam 13. The torsion shaft 9 and the device spindle shaft 4 are loaded with axial hydraulic force G _g formed by creating pressure differences in the flushing unit of the bit and the openings for the passage of flushing fluid of the upper beam 10, which are regulated along the transverse area. Compensating dynamic and static axial forces from the drill string 1 to the spindle shaft 4 are transmitted through steel springs 20, 21 with their estimated number and design stiffness when feeding drill string 1 to the bottom. The upper spring 20 transfers axial forces to the upper part 18 of the torsion shaft 9, and the spring 21 to the lower part 27 of the torsion shaft 9. As a result, the torque M from the drill string 1 through the lower beam 13 and the torsion shaft 9 is transmitted to the spindle shaft 4 (and the bit) . The hydraulic axial force G _u created in the flow of flushing fluid is transmitted to the bit through the torsion shaft 9 and the hollow shaft 4 of the spindle, and the axial support 2 in the spindle is loaded with an axial force T equal to the difference between the weight of the part of the drill string 1 unloaded at the bottom of the well and the hydraulic efforts G _g . The rest of the axial load G _s on the bit, necessary to ensure its design value, is transferred from the drill string to the axial support 2 of the spindle through the built-in additional housing 8 and housing 3 of the spindle. At the same time, part of the weight of the drill string 1 is transmitted to the spindle shaft 4 through springs 20, 21. One of them 20 is located between the upper faceted part 16 of the torsion shaft 9 and the upper traverse 10, and between the lower traverse 13 and the shoulder (ledge) 31 of the lower part of the torsion bar the shaft 9 is installed from one to several springs 21 under the condition of free flow between the shaft 9 and the housing 8 of the washing fluid, including with a filler in it.

Thus, the proposed device can reduce the length of the pipe, adjust the axial and hydraulic forces on the bit. Consequently, the operating time of the bit increases and the mechanical drilling speed increases.

Claims (1)

A device for rotary spindle drilling, comprising a drill string, an axial support made in the form of a spindle with a housing, a hollow shaft with holes and seals, and centering elements, characterized in that between the drill string and the spindle housing there is an additional device housing inside the additional housing the device is located on one axis of the torsion shaft attached to the spindle shaft, in the upper part of the additional housing there is an upper traverse, in which holes are made for installation in them diameter-adjustable jet nozzles for passage of flushing fluid and a socket, in the upper part of the device’s additional housing there is a lower traverse with holes for passage of flushing fluid through them and a central faceted hole in which the faceted part of the torsion shaft is placed between the upper traverse and the upper part of the torsion shaft the upper compression spring is installed, in the additional device case one to three are put on the torsion shaft in parallel and / or sequentially working on compression of the springs with their support on the plate with holes for the passage of flushing fluid and on the shoulder in the lower part of the torsion shaft, a ring and a nozzle are installed above the specified springs to adjust the values of the springs pressed, the lower end of the torsion shaft is made with thread or with splines.

Images