RU2368112C1 - METHOD OF CREATION OF LONG-TERM Calli-gonum caput - medusae Schrenk PLANTATIONS - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to agriculture, in particular to technologies for establishing long-term pasture grounds. An object of the invention is to shorten the terms of pasture commissioning. The method includes provision of sprigs and planting thereof. During late autumn period horizontal roots of calli-gonum are extracted mechanically at 6-12 years old natural or cultivated plantations. Sprigs 0.6…1.2 m long and 15…35 mm in diametre are made out of them. At the same time they are planted at the bottom of plowed furrow 0.4…0.6 m deep, plantations of 100…300 pieces per hectare being made with row-spacing of 2.4…4.8 m, after sprig planting layer surfaces are laid out with heavy disk harrows and smoothed with heavy soil-reclamation compactors.

EFFECT: establishing of calli-gonum plantations by planting sprigs made of 6-12 years old rootstock, high degree of establishment being achieved and terms of commissioning for long-term pastures being shortened substantially.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to technologies for creating Kandym plantations as long-term pastures.

A known method of creating Kandym plantings, including tillage, leveling relief, pre-sowing cultivation, seed stratification, early spring sowing of Kandym seeds to a depth of 1-2 cm at a rate of 5 ... 8 kg / ha, post-sowing rolling (see L. S. Gaevskaya, N. S. Salmanov, Pastures of deserts and semi-deserts of Uzbekistan and ways of their rational use. - Tashkent, Publishing House - in the Fan of the Uzbek SSR, 1975. - 139 pp. - P. 110 or Z.Sh. Shamsutdinov. Creation of long-term pastures in arid zone of Central Asia. - Tashkent: Publishing. - in the "Fan" of the Uzbek SSR, 1975. - 176 pp. - S.135 and 136.

The disadvantages of the described method of creating Kandym plantings on long-term pasture include low seed germination, a high degree of death of seedlings and a long commissioning time (more than 9 years).

There is also a known method of creating Kandym plantings, including harvesting cuttings from vegetative parts or Kandym awns and planting them in the ground (see, for example, Z.Sh. Shamsutdinov, I.O. Ibrahimov. Long-term pasture agrophytocenoses in the arid zone of Uzbekistan. - Tashkent: Fan Publishing House of the Uzbek SSR, 1983. - 176 pp. - S.48-50, S.70-85, as well as OI Morozov. Deserted and semi-desert pastures. - M .: Kolos, 1972. - 168 S.-S. 43-44, 129-134).

The disadvantages of the described method of creating pasture plantations from vegetative cuttings of the Kandym head of Medusa include the low survival rate of cuttings and the obligatory presence of large reserves of soil moisture or close occurrence of groundwater.

The essence of the claimed invention is as follows.

The problem to which the claimed invention is directed is the creation of sustainable phytocenoses on long-term pastures from drought-resistant plants, shrubs and trees.

The technical result is a reduction in the commissioning of pastures.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known method of creating kandyma plantations, the head of Medusa Calligonum caput - medusae Schrenk, including harvesting cuttings and planting them, according to the invention, in the late autumn period, horizontal roots are extracted mechanically by means of 6-12 years old Kandyma plantations, from them they form cuttings 0.6 ... 1.2 m long with a diameter of 15 ... 35 mm and at the same time they plant them on the bottom of the plow furrow with a depth of 0.4 ... 06 m, and plantations of 100 ... 300 pieces per hectare form between rows 2,4 ... 4,8 m, and after Adki cuttings cut the surface of the layers with heavy disc harrows and level them with heavy road or reclamation rollers.

Information confirming the possibility of implementing the claimed invention are as follows.

In the old-growth thickets of Kandym, the head of Medusa (aged 6 to 12 years) is harvesting the roots of Kandym. A feature of the biology and agricultural technology of the roots of Kandym is that when the bush is placed once, its roots from the vertically run down root are distributed in radial directions from 15 to 22 m, and in some cases more. The roots are located in the near-surface layer at a depth of 0.2 ... 0.3 m. Extraction of the root mass of Kandym mechanically is carried out by a continuous uprooter with the KND brand - 1.1 to a depth of 0.35 ... 0.40 m in an aggregate with a T-150 path K. The uprooter has a frame, a U-shaped cutting knife, lifts and a drive rotor. The bed with the roots of Kandym is cut 1.1 m wide and up to 0.4 m thick. With the help of knife lifts, the bed rises above the ditch. The fangs of the drive rotor are extracted from the root of the Kandym. The length of the roots is 1.1-14 m. The diameter of the roots varies from 5 to 40 mm. After extracting the roots, workers secateurs cut the roots transversely 1-2 m long and form bundles of 50 pieces. Each bundle in three places is tied with twine. The moisture content of the lignified part of the roots of kandym during production varies from 38 to 56%. Packs are covered with tarpaulin. By truck, bundles of Kandym roots are transported to the landing site. The car body is covered with a canopy. In dry autumn, cuttings from the roots of Kandym are dipped in clay mash. At the same time, soil preparation for planting cuttings is being conducted on the allotted massif. To do this, use the three-section three-tier plow PTN - 3-40 in an aggregate with a tractor of draft class 5 (K-701 M, K - 703, etc.).

During the first pass of the arable unit, formations with a working width of 1.2 m are rotated. In the second pass, cuttings from the roots of Kandym are laid along the vertical degree along the bottom of the open furrow with a step that ensures the creation of plantations from 100 to 300 bushes per hectare. The number of plantings in each case is specified from the appointment of a long-term pasture. Cuttings for planting form a length of 0.6 ... 1.2 m with a diameter of 15 ... 35 mm. The row spacing within 2.4 ... 4.8 m is set taking into account the subsequent tinning by seeders with a working width of 2.1 m (SZS - 2.1) or 3.6 m (NWT - 3.6 SZP - 3.6) for sowing seeds of bluegrass herbs. After planting the cuttings, the surface of the wrapped layers is cut with heavy disc harrows BDT - 3.0 or BTT - 3.7 and, as a rule, in two tracks. After the passage of the disk implements, the size of the soil lumps does not exceed 5 ... 8 cm. After that, the surface of the strips is rolled up with heavy road or reclamation rollers. These mechanized operations achieve, first of all, tight contact of the roots of Kandym with soil layers and the voids between the wrapped layers are destroyed. The surface of the strips is then tinned.

Table 1 shows the effect of the step of planting cuttings in the furrow on the survival rate of cuttings according to field experiments of 2006-2008. As a first control, the well-known technology for planting cuttings from the vegetative shoots of Kandym was adopted. As a second control - sowing Kandym seeds in the early spring in parallel strips along the established Kandym plantation.

Table 2 provides information on the effect of the depth of planting of cuttings on their survival rate at a row spacing of 4.8 m according to field experiments in 2006-2008).

Table 3 presents data on the survival rate of cuttings from the roots of Kandym, depending on their length with an average diameter of 22 ± 3 mm. The length of the cuttings in the ranges of 0.15; 0.35; 0.55; 0.75; 0.95; 1.15 and 1.35 m were formed with pruning shears using a template. The error in the length of the handle does not exceed ± 1 cm.

Thus, the above data testify in favor of the claimed method - the creation of Kandym plantations by planting cuttings from rhizomes of 6-12 years of age. This achieves a high degree of survival and a significant reduction in the commissioning time of long-term pastures.

Claims (1)

A method of creating long-term plantations of Kandym head of the Medusa Calligonum caput - medusae Schrenk, including harvesting cuttings and planting them, characterized in that in the late autumn period horizontal roots are extracted mechanically from the Kandym plantations of 6-12 years old, from which 0.6 long cuttings are formed. ..1.2 m with a diameter of 15 ... 35 mm and at the same time they are planted at the bottom of the plow furrow with a depth of 0.4 ... 06 m, while plantations of 100 ... 300 pieces per hectare with row spacing are formed 2.4 ... 4.8 m, and after planting the cuttings, the surface of the layers is cut so heavy disc harrows and align heavy road reclamation rollers.