RU236577U1 - Tillage unit - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agriculture, in particular to tillage machines. The tillage unit consists of a supporting frame with longitudinal and transverse beams and a connecting device; racks with working bodies with holders are fixed to the front and rear beams of the supporting frame. In the front part along the joint line of the paw wings and in the middle part of the paw wings, adjacent grooves are made at the top and bottom for platforms with working bodies fixed thereto. The working body is made in the form of a triangular ripper at the top and a triangular paraplough at the bottom. The length of each platform and plugs is half the length of the ripper and paraplough bases. The height of the rippers is less than the height of the paraploughs. The attack angle of the flat paw is 8-12°, the ratio of the thickness of the working bodies to the wing thickness is 1:2. 25 fig.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of agriculture, in particular to soil-cultivating machines.

A cultivator-subsoiler is known, which includes a hitch, hingedly connected to a frame on which support wheels with depth adjustment mechanisms are mounted, rippers located in one row between two rows of arrow-shaped paws, installed with an overlap, wherein each ripper stand is located in one longitudinal plane with the corresponding arrow-shaped paw of the first row (patent RU No. 2365074, IPC A01B 49/02, 2009).

The disadvantage of the known design is that the cultivator paws are not capable of cultivating the soil in different combinations and in different configurations.

The closest to the device in technical essence is the device for soil cultivation selected as a prototype, containing a supporting frame with longitudinal and transverse beams and a connecting device, rollers with drums, a rotary carriage with support and transport wheels and a hydraulic cylinder, on the front and rear beams of the supporting frame, racks with a working element are fixed. Two rows of disk working and two rows of loosening elements are installed behind the rows of disk working elements installed on beams with racks, paws and holders (patent RU No. 2730659, IPC A01B 49/02, 2020).

The disadvantage of the known device is that in order to perform the loosening and slitting operation with changed parameters, it is necessary to change the holder with the ripper and slitter, which requires additional material and operational (financial) costs.

The technical task is to improve the working element of the cultivator paw of the combined unit, to carry out several operations simultaneously: cultivation, soil loosening, slitting, finishing, soil compaction and the possibility of changing the processing scheme.

The technical result of the utility model consists in improving the quality of soil cultivation and increasing economic efficiency.

The technical result consists in the fact that the soil-cultivating unit, comprising a supporting frame with longitudinal and transverse beams and a connecting device, rollers with drums, a rotary carriage with support and transport wheels and a hydraulic cylinder, on the front and rear beams of the supporting frame are fixed racks with working bodies, according to the utility model in the front part along the joint line of the paw wings and in the middle part of the paw wings at the top and bottom adjacent grooves are made for platforms with working bodies fixed thereto, each of which is made in the form of a triangular ripper at the top and a triangular paraplough at the bottom, the length of each platform and plugs is half the length of the ripper and paraplough bases, the height of the rippers is less than the height of the paraploughs, the attack angle of the flat paw is 8-12°, the ratio of the thickness of the working bodies to the thickness of the wing is 1:2.

The utility model is illustrated by drawings.

Fig. 1 shows a soil-cultivating unit, side view;

Fig. 2 - the same, top view;

Fig. 3 - general view of the cultivator paw with working parts;

Fig. 4 - the same, front view;

Fig. 5 - the same view from above;

Fig. 6 - the same side view;

in Fig. 7 - a paw with three rippers;

in Fig. 8 - a paw with three slotters;

Fig. 9 - a fully assembled paw;

in Fig. 10 - a paw with one ripper and a slitter in the nose part of the paw;

in Fig. 11 - a paw with two rippers and two slitters on the wings;

in Fig. 12 - a paw with one slitter in the nose part of the paw;

in Fig. 13 - a paw with two slotters under the wings;

in Fig. 14 - a paw with one ripper and a scarifier in the nose part of the paw and with one ripper and a scarifier to the left of the center line of the paw;

in Fig. 15 - a paw with one ripper and a scarifier in the nose part of the paw and with one ripper and a scarifier to the right of the center line of the paw;

in Fig. 16 - a paw with plugs;

in Fig. 17 - a paw with slots and grooves;

in Fig. 18 - a ripper for the groove of the paw in the nose part;

in Fig. 19 - a ripper for the groove of the right wing;

in Fig. 20 - a ripper for the left wing groove;

in Fig. 21 - a slotter for the paw groove in the nose part;

in Fig. 22 - a slotter for the groove of the left wing paw;

in Fig. 23 - a slotter for the groove of the right wing paw;

in Fig. 24 - plug for the ripper groove;

Fig. 25 - plug for the slot of the slotter.

The soil-cultivating unit comprises a hitch 1, a turnbuckle 2, pivotally connected to a supporting frame 3, links 4 of a parallelogram mechanism 5 with front 6 and rear 7 beams, posts 8 with holders 9 and paws 10 mounted on them. The supporting frame 3 comprises longitudinal beams 11, beams 12 adjustable in width, a middle cross beam 13, on which a hydraulic cylinder 14 with a hydraulic lock 15, connected to the frame 3, is mounted, connected to a carriage 16, on which support and transport wheels 17 are mounted.

On the rear beam 18 of the frame 3, posts 19 are fixed, to which a drawbar 20 and a lever 21 with a bolt 22 intended for adjusting the installation height of the rollers are pivotally connected. The lever 21 is pivotally connected to a rod 23, on which a spring 24 with a nut for adjusting its compression is installed. The drawbar 20 is pivotally connected to the brackets of the frame 25 of the roller section. By changing the length of the section of the drawbar 26, the inclination of the frame 25 and the position of the rollers 27 in height relative to each other are adjusted. The said adjustment is necessary when changing the overall depth of processing and the inclination of the drawbar 20 by means of bolt 22.

On the frame 25, rollers 28 with a slatted-toothed and tubular drum (not shown in the figure) are mounted. The drawbar 20 and the frame 25 of the rollers are connected from above by means of a rod 29 containing a number of holes located along its length. On the drawbar 20, a rod 29 adjustable in installation height is fixed with a harrow 30 with spring teeth and an adjusting rack 31. The rack 31 contains a number of holes allowing the length of the section between the pins to be changed for its fastening on the frame 25.

In the front part along the joint line of the wings of the paw 10 and in the middle part of each wing 32, adjacent grooves 33 and 34 are made at the top and bottom for platforms 35 of the working bodies rigidly fixed thereto. Each working body is made in the form of a triangular ripper 36 at the top and a triangular paraplough 37 at the bottom. The length of each platform 35 and plugs 38 is half the length of the bases 39 of the ripper 36 and paraplough 37.

The length of each platform 35 and plugs 38 is made half the length of the bases 39 of the ripper 36 and the paraplough 37, which allows for a reduction in its metal consumption, and the support of the rear part of its base on the surface of the paw 10 will allow it to be securely fixed to it and perform its function.

One ripper 36 and one paraplough 37 are fixed in the front part along the joint line of the paw 10 and in the middle part of each wing of the paw 10. The height of the ripper 36 is less than the height of the paraplough 37.

The execution of each ripper 36 and paraplough 37 with platforms for grooves 33 of paw 10 makes it possible to reinstall the working bodies according to a different scheme and in different configurations, while the distances between the processed strips will change.

Making the height of rippers 36 lower than the height of paraploughs 37 allows changing the depth of loosening and slitting after their reinstallation.

The angle of attack of the flat paw 10 is 8-12°. The ratio of the thickness of the working parts to the thickness of the wing 10 is 1:2.

The flat paw attack angle of 10 to 8-12° allows for shifting soil cultivation, which improves the quality of soil cultivation.

Making the thickness of the working parts half the thickness of the paw 10 will allow the rippers to withstand frontal loads.

The working bodies are installed with the possibility of varying the soil processing scheme, and, if necessary, it is possible to conduct the working process with one, two and three working bodies. Accordingly, the distances between the processed strips will change.

When dismantling all working parts and installing plugs 38 in their place, in this case one operation to destroy weeds will be performed.

The combined soil-cultivating unit operates as follows.

Before starting work, working bodies 36 and 37 with platforms are inserted into grooves 33 of the nose of paw 10 and in the middle of the wings of the cultivator paw.

When the unit moves, the cultivator paws 10, fixed on the front 6 and rear 7 beams of the supporting frame 3, cut the soil, destroying weeds. At the same time, the rippers 36, installed above the paw 10, loosen the soil, and the slotters 37 perform slotting, which helps regulate the water-air balance.

Behind the cultivator paws 10, rollers 27 and 28 are installed on frames 25, and slatted-toothed and tubular drums are secured, which perform final processing and compaction of the soil.

In one pass of the unit, several operations are performed: loosening, slitting, soil cultivation with destruction of weeds, final processing and soil compaction, which allows for increased economic efficiency.

Cultivation is carried out so that during sowing, the seeds of the agricultural crop are placed on a dense soil bed and covered with a loose soil layer on top.

The soil layers are mixed during cultivation, in particular the lower moist layer with the upper, drier layer. As a result of such mixing, the upper layer will lose its moisture, while the layer that was below will retain capillarity and will be supplied with moisture from the lower layers. The seed material should be placed in the lower layer that was raised during cultivation, which promotes the emergence of friendly shoots.

Therefore, pre-sowing cultivation should be carried out to the seed sowing depth.

On dense and too wet soil, you can increase the cultivation depth to 12 cm, while the soil will be loosened to a depth of 12 cm, and the slitting will be 8 cm. In this case, it is necessary to change the working element to another one with the required parameters.

The root system of most weeds is no more than 10 cm deep. When carrying out pre-sowing cultivation, the cultivator paw copes well with weeds, so pre-sowing cultivation can also provide savings on herbicides.

The use of the utility model will improve the quality and economic efficiency of soil cultivation.

Claims (1)

A soil-cultivating unit comprising a supporting frame with longitudinal and transverse beams and a connecting device, rollers with drums, a rotary carriage with support and transport wheels and a hydraulic cylinder, on the front and rear beams of the supporting frame there are fixed posts with paw holders, paws with wings and working bodies, characterized in that in the front part along the joint line of the paw wings and in the middle part of the paw wings at the top and bottom there are adjacent grooves for platforms with working bodies fixed thereto, each of which is made in the form of a triangular ripper at the top and a triangular paraplough at the bottom, the length of each platform and plugs is half the length of the ripper and paraplough bases, the height of the rippers is less than the height of the paraploughs, the angle of attack of the flat paw is 8-12°, the ratio of the thickness of the working bodies to the thickness of the wing is 1:2.