RU2365571C2 - Method of obtaining year-round smoke mixture sm-y - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to technology of obtaining thermo-condensation smoke mixture for creation of aerosol screens, masking in visible range of light irradiation. Method of obtaining smoke mixture SM-Y includes simultaneous feeding and mixing of smoke mixture components in resonance cavity of reactor of hydrodynamic transformation of liquid steam mechanic energy into sound energy, providing acoustic influence on mixed components. Reactor is made with resonance cavity of diametre D_res - 0.035 m, height H_res - 0.03 m, diametre of effective mixing zone D_ef - 0.175 m. Components are supplied in steams into resonance cavity of reactor at speed not less than 1.7 m/s and total consumption of mixture components not less than 1.50 l/s.

EFFECT: creation of method of obtaining smoke mixture, which will allow to realise carrying out of continuous technological process of homogenisation of uniform components and reduce weight-dimension characteristics of equipment.

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Description

The present invention relates to a technology for producing smoke mixtures (DS), and specifically relates to a method for producing a thermocondensation smoke mixture of an all-weather DS-V based on petroleum products. The invention will find application, for example, in the manufacture of smoke mixtures for creating aerosol curtains masking in the visible range.

At present, various smoke mixtures based on petroleum products and methods for their preparation are known [Textbook of the Sergeant of the Forces of the Russian Chemical Forces, Moscow, 2006, Ministry of Defense].

Known hemp mixture DS-V based on petroleum products, which is designed to create aerosol curtains masking in the visible range, and has high masking characteristics in different ranges of the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation [Kartashev ED, Karasev AN Technological aspects of increasing the efficiency of the use of smoke machines of the Russian Chemical Defense Forces All-Russian scientific and technical conference “Directions for improving methods and means of reducing visibility for the development of promising weapons and military equipment. Abstracts of reports. FSUE NIIC of electronic warfare and evaluation of the effectiveness of reducing the visibility of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, Voronezh, 2006, pp. 112-116].

Known smoke mixture No. 56 of winter and summer modifications, the composition of which is given in table 1 and the method for its production (Technological conditions for smoke mixture No. 56 - TU No. 38.4018-77; TU No. 38.40157-1985, Ufa, NIINeftekhim).

Table 1 The composition of the smoke mixture No. 56 of summer and winter modifications Component Name The percentage of components,% (by volume) ДС №56 summer DS No. 56 winter Selective Oil Purification Extract 70 35 Diesel fuel thirty fifteen Aviation Kerosene TS-1 - fifty Additive AzNII-TsIATIM-1 0.5 (in excess of 100%) 0.5 (in excess of 100%)

A method of obtaining the specified smoke mixture is the operation of pumping into the tank in certain ratios of the starting components. In the tank, the components are mechanically mixed by the circulation pump for at least two hours until they are fully homogenized.

An example of a method of obtaining a smoke mixture No. 56 is shown in figure 1 and is as follows.

The initial components are received at the H-1 circular pump and pumped into the tanks (hereinafter referred to as the reactor) E-1, E-2 and E-3 in the required ratio. The sequence of product downloads is from lighter to heavier. The product is taken from the bottom of the reactor and fed to a higher level.

The additive in barrels is placed on a melter heated by steam, and after heating to 60-80 ° C it enters the heated tank E-4, from there to the intake of the pump N-2. With this pump, the additive is pumped to receive the H-1 circular pump during product circulation. At the end of the circulation, the mixture is left to stand for 1 hour and is selected for analysis, analyzed and fed to the freight fleet.

Smoke mixture No. 56 based on petroleum products is intended to create aerosol curtains masking in the visible range and has high masking characteristics in the visible range of the spectrum of electromagnetic radiation. The specified method for producing smoke mixture No. 56 based on petroleum products was adopted as a prototype.

The disadvantages of the known method of producing smoke mixture No. 56 based on petroleum products is its frequency and high weight and size characteristics of the equipment, which does not allow the effective use of this method of obtaining smoke mixture No. 56 in the field.

The technical task of the invention is to create a method for producing a smoke mixture DS-V, which would allow for a continuous process for the homogenization of homogeneous components (in one pass), to reduce the overall dimensions of the equipment.

According to the invention, it is advisable to obtain a DS-B smoke mixture by a method including a hydrodynamic transducer of mechanical energy of a liquid jet into sound energy, providing acoustic influence on a multicomponent system, the geometric parameters of the resonance cavity of which are: the diameter of the resonance cavity D _res - 0,035 m; the height of the resonator cavity N _res - 0.03 m; the diameter of the effective mixing zone D _eff is 0.175 m.

According to the invention, it is optimal that the flow rate of the components in the resonance cavity is at least 1.7 m / s. According to the invention, it is optimal that the total flow rate of the mixture components in the resonance cavity is at least 1.50 l / s.

The proposed method for producing a smoke mixture DS-V significantly differs in mass and size characteristics from the equipment used to obtain the mixtures claimed in the analogue and prototype.

Inventive step and novelty in comparison with the known solutions are provided by the specific properties of acoustic fields.

The invention and its advantages are associated with the fact that the mixing processes proceed much more intensively in an acoustic field than under ordinary conditions. At present, there are experimental data showing that in an acoustic field there is a significant acceleration of the processes for preparing emulsions (V. Akulichev, in: Powerful ultrasonic fields / Edited by L. D. Rosenberg. - M.: Nauka, 1968, Sirotyuk MG - In the book: Powerful ultrasonic fields / Edited by L.D. Rosenberg. - M .: Nauka, 1968). Effective mixing of the components using an acoustic field can be carried out in a continuous stream. By their properties, acoustic (wave) exposure apparatuses are close to an ideal mixing reactor.

An example implementation of the invention

To implement the proposed method for producing a DS-V smoke mixture, a hydrodynamic converter was made in the reactor of which an acoustic effect on a multicomponent system is provided by hydrodynamic conversion of the mechanical energy of a liquid jet into sound energy. An algorithm is developed and the design solution of the acoustic mixing apparatus is calculated in the following parts:

determining the ratio of the dimensions of the structural elements of the reactor and the number of resonant cavities of the apparatus, depending on the given conditions of the technological mode;

verification calculation - determination of critical parameters depending on changes in the technological regime.

Schematic diagram of a method of producing a smoke mixture DS-V shown in figure 2.

The method of obtaining the smoke mixture DS-V was as follows.

From the tank A along the intake line 3, oil was supplied to the input 1 by the pump (MS-8). At the same time, from the tank B, a second component was also fed to input 2 by a pump - a low-setting fraction of diesel fuel with the calculated amount of antioxidant additive dissolved in it.

The process of homogenization of a system of homogeneous components under acoustic influence was carried out in one pass in a resonant cavity with a diameter of D _res = 0, 035 m, a height of H _res - 0.03 m; the diameter of the effective mixing zone D _eff is 0.175 m. The resonance cavity is located inside the apparatus on the path of the component flows.

Evaluation experiments were carried out to determine the optimal operating conditions of the installation based on an acoustic mixer.

During the experiments, the overpressure of the component flows supplied by pumping equipment with a speed of movement of component flows from 0.7 to 2.0 m / s and a total flow rate of components from 0.69 to 1 was used as an energy source in the reactor of the acoustic mixing apparatus (AAS) , 85 l / s. The prepared mixture was unpacked and aged to assess the presence of delamination of the components. Then, samples were taken from the surface and bottom layers and the density of the mixture in the sample was estimated. The evaluation results are shown in figure 3.

An analysis of the above dependences indicates the presence of optimal operating modes of the installation based on an acoustic mixer.

For the manufactured apparatus, the optimum mode was achieved with a total component flow rate of 1.50 l / s and more, and the speed of the components in the resonance cavity of 1.7 m / s and more.

Table 2 shows the results of the assessment of the physicochemical properties of the DS-V smoke mixture prepared under optimal operating conditions of the installation.

table 2 The results of the assessment of the physicochemical properties of the DS-V smoke mixture prepared by the method of acoustic mixing at optimal plant conditions. Name of parameters Units measuring Requirement for parameters according to the current technical specifications Test data nominee. before off Mixing Point ° C not higher Minus 50 minus 50 Kinematic viscosity, at minus 40 ° С cSt no more 300 224 Flash point in open crucible ° C not less 45 52 Coking % (wt.) no more 0.15 absent. Solids content % (wt.) no more 0.1 absent. Water content % (wt.) no more absent. absent. Density p ⁴ ₂₀ g / cm ³ 0.830 0,900 0.848

The above data indicate that the use of the proposed method in the production of the DS-V smoke mixture based on petroleum products ensured the preparation of the DS-V smoke mixture that meets the requirements of TU in the process continuity mode.

Table 3 for comparison presents the overall dimensions of the reactor (mixer) for the implementation of the proposed method and prototype. The above parameters of the plants indicates that the use of the proposed method reduces the overall dimensions of the reactor (mixer): by weight - up to 20 times, height - up to 7 times, length more than 10 times.

Table 3 Mass and size parameters of plants (reactors) used to implement methods for preparing a smoke mixture. Mixing method Mass and dimensions of the reactor (installation) used to implement the method of preparation of the smoke mixture Mode of operation Circulation pump Reactor periodic stirring diameter 1400 mm (prototype) height 1800 mm weight 2000 kg Acoustic mix Reactor for AAS continuous diameter 120 mm height 250 mm weight 67 kg

Thus, the implementation of the proposed method will significantly reduce the overall dimensions of the installation for the preparation of the smoke mixture DS-V and organize its effective continuous production in the field directly in military units that solve camouflage tasks.

Claims (1)

A method of producing a DS-V smoke mixture, including the simultaneous supply and mixing of the components of the DS-V smoke mixture, characterized in that the supply and mixing of the components of the DS-V smoke mixture is carried out in the resonance cavity of the reactor of a hydrodynamic converter of mechanical energy of a liquid jet into sound energy with acoustic effects on the components being mixed, the components are fed by flows into the resonance cavity with a speed of at least 1.7 m / s and a total flow rate of the components of the mixture of at least 1.50 l / s, while Use reactor resonant cavity diameter D _cut - 0.035 m, height H _res - 0.03 m, the effective diameter of the mixing zone D _eff - 0,175 m.

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