RU2364079C1 - Automatic hydraulic distributor of liquid flow - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: starting mechanism of hydraulically operated lock valve is designed in the form of hydraulic switch with inlet, discharge and controlling discharge hydraulic communication channels. The discharge controlling channels of communication are connected with atmosphere and working cavities of hydraulic operated lock valve and designed with the possibility of being connected with pressure pipe one by one, and inlet and discharge channels are joined, respectively with pressure pipe through filters and atmosphere. The hydraulic switch is designed in the form of a hydraulic cylinder with a piston and rod, in the form of a switching valve and hydraulic step selector, note that the switching valve and hydraulic step selector are fixed rigidly towards hydraulic cylinder and kinematically connected with the rod of the hydraulic cylinder. The rod end of the hydraulic cylinder is joined with the pressure pipe, and its piston underside cavity can be connected with atmosphere or the pressure pipe one by one through an inverted valve and controlled throttle placed in parallel by using the switching valve and hydraulic channels of communication. Compressed spring force of the hydraulic step selector is higher than product of the total areas of the rod and bulge on the pressure in the pressure pipe, the switching valve contains a piston, small and large seatings, notably that the diametre of the piston is more than one of the throat of the small seating and less than the diametre of the throat of the large seating, the rod of the hydraulic lock valve is hollow, and the working cavity of membrane hydraulic drive is joined with atmosphere and can be connected regularly with the pressure pipe through the controlling communication channels and hydraulic step selector.

EFFECT: invention increases performance reliability, decreases materials consumption and inefficient water drain by involving controlling communication channels in the work for the time which is necessary for delivering fluid to a consumer along the pressure line, minimizes effect of water pressure in the pressure pipe over frictional force between elements of the hydraulic step selector.

5 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to hydro-automatic devices and can be used to convert a constant fluid flow into a discrete flow and supply alternately in several channels to consumers. More specifically, the present invention can be used for dosed supply of liquid to consumers in the food and chemical industries, as well as in agriculture for the discrete supply of irrigation rate in small portions when irrigating crops, which increases the yield of crops and the effectiveness of irrigation systems in general.

A well-known automatic siphon dispenser-dispenser of liquid, including a storage tank, a feeding tube with a tap, a working siphon with a mechanism for starting and stopping the vacuum and a mechanism for automatically switching the fluid flow, consisting of several siphons with drain parts buried in glasses connected by a collector having outlet nozzles, wherein the inlet of each glass of the previous siphon is communicated by a microsiphon with the lower part of the cavity of the glass of the afterbirth guide nozzle [1].

The disadvantage of this automatic siphon dispenser-dispenser is the significant difference between the input (q _sub. ) Flow rate and the discharge (Q _discharge ) flow rate (q _sub. <Q _discharge ), which makes it inappropriate to use it in systems where water supply to consumers is required in a large range of changes in both consumption and duration. This device also cannot be used in closed (pressure) hydraulic systems, which significantly narrows its scope.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed device, selected as a prototype, is an irrigation device comprising an irrigation pipe having water outlets, a mechanism for their inclusion, made in the form of a bucket swinging on a horizontal axis with a counterweight, and a associated valve, while water outlets made in the form of chambers containing a housing with a saddle, drain holes and a cover with an axial hole and an elastic membrane located between the cover and the saddle of the housing, and the control valve in the idea of a piston with a radial drain hole located in the housing, equipped with a cover having an axial outlet, which is communicated through a filter with an irrigation pipe, and the outlet openings are communicated by communication channels with the supramembrane cavities of the outlets [2].

The disadvantages of this device for irrigation are low reliability and large unproductive discharge of fluid through the mechanism of inclusion of outlets. The constructive solution of the water outlet leads to the need to maintain pressure in the control hydraulic communication channels and in the working cavity of the mechanism for switching on water outlets. The communication between the control communication channels and the need to maintain a constant pressure in them to close the outlets reduces the circuit reliability of the device as a whole, since damage (parametric failure) of one of the communication channels continuously affects the normal operation of other communication channels and leads to a breakdown (sometimes a failure ) the operation of the device as a whole. The fluid pressure in the cavities of the hydraulic control valve leads to high friction forces between the piston and the housing, which increases the size of the bucket and contributes to an increase in both unproductive drainage of water and material consumption.

The aim of the invention is to increase reliability, reduce material consumption and unproductive drainage of liquid by turning on control communication channels only for the time that is necessary to supply liquid to a consumer through a given pressure line, minimizing the effect of liquid pressure in a pressure pipe on the friction force between parts hydraulic step finder and using fluid pressure to operate the hydraulic switch.

This goal is achieved in that the mechanism for turning on the hydraulic shutoff valves is made in the form of a hydraulic switch with input, drain and control output hydraulic communication channels, and the output control communication channels communicating with the atmosphere and working cavities of the hydraulic shutoff valves and are made with the possibility of alternating connection with the pressure pipe and the inlet and drain channels are respectively connected with the pressure pipe through the filter and the atmosphere, the hydraulic commutator the torus is made in the form of a hydraulic cylinder with a piston and a rod, a switch valve and a hydraulic step finder, the switch valve and a hydraulic step finder mounted motionless relative to the hydraulic cylinder and kinematically connected to the hydraulic cylinder rod, the rod cylinder cavity is in communication with the pressure pipe, and its piston cavity has the ability alternately communicating with the atmosphere or pressure pipe through a parallel mounted check valve and an adjustable throttle by the valve-switch and hydraulic communication channels, the force of the compressed spring of the hydraulic step finder is selected more than the product of the total areas of the stem and the protrusion of the pressure in the pressure pipe, the valve-switch contains a piston, small and large seats, and the diameter of the piston is larger than the diameter of the small orifice seats and less than the diameter of the passage section of the large saddle, the stem of the hydraulic shutoff valve is hollow, and the working cavity of the membrane hydraulic actuator is in communication with the atmosphere and has ie the possibility of periodic communication with the feed line via the control communication channels and a hydraulic stepping switch.

The essence of the invention is shown in figure 1 is a schematic diagram of an automatic hydraulic fluid flow distributor; figure 2 is a structural diagram of a hydraulic shut-off valve; figure 3 is a structural diagram of a valve switch; figure 4 is a structural diagram of a hydraulic stepper finder (view A in figure 1); figure 5 is a section bB of figure 4.

An automatic hydraulic fluid flow distributor consists of a pressure pipe 1, hydraulic shutoff valves 2 installed on pressure lines I, II, III, IV, V, VI of consumers, a hydraulic switch 3 and a filter 4.

The hydraulic switch contains a hydraulic cylinder 5 with a rod 6 and a piston 7 cavities, a piston 8 with a rod 9, a valve 10, a hydraulic step finder 11, output 12, drain 13 and control hydraulic communication channels 14. The rod 9 has a fixed stop 15 on the side surface and a fixed emphasis 16 on the axis for interaction, respectively, with a hydraulic step finder 11 and a valve switch 10.

Hydraulic shut-off valve 2 (figure 2) contains a housing 17 and a valve 18 with a hollow stem 19 and a hydraulic actuator 20. The valve 18 is pressed by a return spring 21 to the seat 22 of the housing 17, and the cavity of the hydraulic actuator using the plate 23 and the membrane 24 is divided into a working cavity 25 with a fitting 26 and a supramembrane cavity 27.

The valve switch 10 (figure 3) consists of a housing 28 with a working 29 and drain 30 communication channels and a large seat 31, a cylinder 32 with a pressure channel communication channel 33 and a small seat 34 and a rod 35 with a piston 36, valve 37 and fifth 38.

The hydraulic step finder 11 (Fig. 4, Fig. 5) consists of a housing 39 with radial outlet openings 40 ^I , 40 ^II , ... 40 ^VI , a drain hole 41 and a cover 42 with an inlet channel 43, a disk 44 with a protrusion 45, a rod 46 , with an axial hole 47, teeth 48 on the perimeter surface and the rod 49, a pusher lever 50 mounted on the rod 49 with axial rotation and having a groove 51 at one end and a spring-loaded pusher dog 52 at the other end to interact respectively with the stationary emphasis 15 and teeth 48. The protrusion 45 is made with the hole 53, e communicated with an opening 47 stem 46. Disc 44 with the projection 45 is pressed by a spring 54 to the housing 39 and defines a cavity 55.

The valve switch 10 is kinematically connected with the rod 9 of the hydraulic cylinder 5 through a switch 56 (Fig. 1), consisting of a disk 57 mounted on a pivotally fixed support, an emphasis pusher 58, 59 and 60 and a tension spring 61, which provides two stable positions of the disk 57 .

The hydraulic step finder 11 is mounted relative to the hydraulic cylinder 5 motionlessly and through a pusher lever 50 is kinematically connected to the rod 9 of the hydraulic cylinder 5 by means of a fixed stop 15.

The rod cavity 6, the input channel 43 and the pressure communication channel 33 are in communication with the input communication channel 12, respectively, the communication channels 62, 63, 64 and then through the filter 4 and the communication channel 65 with the pressure pipe 1. Piston cavity 7 through the check valve 66 and an adjustable throttle 67 mounted in parallel on the communication channel 68, is able to communicate with the pressure pipe through the working channel 29 and the communication channel 64 and with the atmosphere through the drain channel 30 and the communication channel 69 and 13.

The drain hole 41 is combined with the communication channel 69 via the communication channel 70 and is communicated with the atmosphere through the drain communication channel 13.

The output control communication channels 14 communicate the output radial openings 40 ^I , 40 ^II , 40 ^III ... 40 ^VI with the working cavities 25 of the hydraulic shut-off valves 2 mounted respectively on the pressure lines I, II, III, IV, V, VI.

For normal operation of the automatic hydraulic fluid flow distributor, the following conditions must be observed:

where: F _{spring 54} - the pre-compression force of the spring 54;

F _{spring 61} - pre-release force of the spring 61;

P is the fluid pressure in the pressure pipe 1;

S _rod - the cross-sectional area of the rod 46;

S _protrusion - the cross-sectional area of the protrusion 45;

S _piston is the cross-sectional area of the piston 36;

S _{large saddle} - the flow area of the large saddle 31;

S _{small saddle} - the flow area of the small saddle 34.

For the normal operation of the hydraulic step finder 11, it is necessary to provide the following:

- the extreme right position of the rod 9 should ensure the alignment of the holes 53 with one of the radial outlet holes 40 ^I , 40 ^II , ... 40 ^VI (see figure 1, figure 4, figure 5);

- the extreme left position of the rod 9 should ensure the transition of the pusher dog 52 to the next tooth, that is, the angle of the sector described by the lever 50 when moving from the extreme right to the extreme left position should be greater than the angle 360 ° / n, where n is the number of output radial holes 40 ^{I, II, III ... n} (see figure 1).

An automatic hydraulic fluid flow switch can start work from any position of the rod 9. To describe the operation, as a special case, consider the position of the rod 9 shown in Fig. 1, which brings the valve switch 10 and the hydraulic step finder 11 to the position shown in figure 3, figure 4 and figure 5.

The automatic hydraulic fluid flow distributor operates as follows.

The fluid through the pressure pipe 1 under pressure P enters the hydraulic shut-off valves 2 and then to the consumer only through the pressure line II, since the hydraulic control shut-off valves installed on the pressure lines I, III, IV, V, VI remain closed due to the message their working cavities 25 with the atmosphere through the control channels 14, radial outlet openings 40 ^I , 40 ^III ... 40 ^VI , cavity 55, drain hole 41 and drain hydraulic communication channels 70 and 13, only a hydraulic shut-off valve 2 installed on line II opens from for communicating its working chamber 25 to the discharge pipe 1 via the connection 26, control channel 14, the radial outlet port 40 ^II, holes 45, 47, inlet conduit 43 the lid 42, communication channels 65, 12, the filter 4 and the communication channel 65.

In this case, an insignificant part of the liquid from the pressure pipe 1 through the communication channel 65, the filter 4 and the inlet channel 12 enters the hydraulic switch 3 and then simultaneously enters:

- into the working cavity 25 of the hydraulic shutoff valve 2 installed on the pressure line II through the communication channel 63, the hydraulic stepper finder 11 (condition (1)), the control channel 14, fitting 26 and keeps it open;

- into the stock cavity 6 through the communication channel 62:

- the cavity of the valve switch 10 through the hydraulic communication channel 64 and the pressure channel 33.

Due to condition (4), under pressure of the liquid in the pressure pipe 1, valve 37 remains pressed against the seat 34 with a force equal to P (S _piston -S _seat 34), which ensures that the sub-piston cavity 7 communicates with the atmosphere through the communication channel 68, an adjustable throttle 67, input 29 and drain 30 communication channels made in the housing 28, and drain channels 69 and 13. In this case, the rod 9 begins to move slowly under the pressure of the liquid in the rod cavity 6 on the piston 8 (the beginning of the cycle of the reciprocating movement of the rod 9) in the direction c far right to extreme l howling position at a rate determined by the adjustable throttle 67, displacing water from the subpiston space 7 to the atmosphere (most of the time by the fluid pressure of the line to the user). In this case, the rod 9 with a fixed stop 15 installed in the groove 51, interacting with the lever 50, freely rotating on the axis 49, at the end of the stroke moves the spring-loaded pusher dog 52 to the next tooth 48, made on the surface around the perimeter of the disk 44, without displacing hole 45 in relation to the output radial hole 40 ^II . The rod 9, moving to the left with a fixed stop 16, interacting with the stop 60 of the disk 57 and stretching the spring 61 at the end of the stroke, abruptly transfers it from the upper stable position to the lower one and due to condition (3) and the interaction of the stop 58 with the fifth 38 instantly transfers the valve 37 to the rod 35 and the piston 36 from the seat 34 to the seat 31. The input channel 12 communicates with the piston cavity 7 through the communication channel 64, the pressure channel 33 of the cylinder 32, the bore of the seat 34, the working channel 29 and the communication channel 68 with the check valve 66 installed in parallel and adjustable throttle 6 7. The fluid from the pressure pipe 1 enters the sub-piston cavity 7 at a high flow rate, since the non-return valve 66 does not impede fluid movement in this direction and begins to move the rod 9 to the right at high speed, acting on the cross section of the piston 8 and displacing the liquid from the rod cavity 6 into the input channel 12 through the communication channel 62 and 63. When the rod 9 moves to the right, the fixed stop 15, interacting with the pusher lever 50, with the help of a spring-loaded pusher dog 52 and teeth 48, turns the disk 44, pressed against the housing 39 by m spring 54, clockwise (see 5) and translates the protrusion 45 with the hole 53 from the outlet radial hole 40 ^II to the outlet radial hole 40 ^III , which leads to the communication of the working cavities 25 of the hydraulic shut-off valves 2 installed on the pressure lines II and III, respectively, with the atmosphere and the pressure pipe 1 through a hydraulic step finder 11. Alignment of the hole 53 with the output channel 40 ^III occurs at the extreme right position of the rod 9.

At the same time, the hydraulic shut-off valve 2 installed on the pressure line II closes [the valve 18 of the hydraulic actuator 20 moves from the upper position (open position) to the lower position and presses on the seat 22 (closed position), closing its passage section] under the action of the return spring 21 and the pressure of the fluid coming from the inlet of the housing 17 through the hollow rod 19 into the cavity 27, separated from the working cavity 25 by a plate 23 and a membrane 24, and a hydraulically controlled shut-off valve 2 installed on the pressure line III, opens under pressure fluid in the working cavity 25 coming from the pressure pipe 1.

The liquid from the pressure pipe 1 begins to flow to the consumer through the pressure line III.

The rod 9, approaching the extreme right position, interacting with the stop 60, transfers the spring 61 from the lower stable position to the upper. In this case, the stop 59, hitting the heel 38, due to condition (2) sharply tears the valve 37 from the large seat 31 and presses it against the small seat 34. The under-piston cavity 7 is cut off from the inlet channel 12 and communicates with the atmosphere. The movement of the rod 9 to the left begins (end of the cycle of the reciprocating movement of the rod 9).

Next, the rod 9 of the hydraulic cylinder 7, interacting simultaneously with the valve switch 10 through the switch 56 and the hydraulic step finder 11 through the fixed stop 15, makes a reciprocating motion and alternately communicates the working cavities 25 of the hydraulically controlled shut-off valves 2 with the pressure pipe 1, which ensures alternately opening the shut-off valves 2 and supplying fluid along the pressure lines I, II, III, IV, V, VI.

In view of the insignificance of the duration of the movement of the rod 9 from the extreme left position to the extreme right, the duration of the fluid supply along the pressure lines I, II, III, IV, V, VI is determined by the duration of the movement of the rod 9 from the extreme right position to the extreme left, which is regulated using an adjustable throttle 67.

Thus, the implementation of the hydraulic switch 3 in the form of a hydraulic cylinder 5 with a piston 8 and a rod 9, a kinematically connected valve switch 10 and a hydraulic step finder 11, respectively, through a switch 56 and a fixed stop 15, made it possible to minimize the effect of fluid pressure in the pressure pipe 1 on the friction force between the housing 30 and the disk 44 (protrusion 45) and use the fluid pressure in the pressure pipe to operate the hydraulic step finder 11, which reduces material consumption and voditelnogo liquid discharge to the atmosphere. The new design of the hydraulic stepper finder 11 and the hydraulic shut-off valve 2 with the hollow stem 19 allows the automatic control of the fluid communication channels 14 to be switched off during operation of the automatic hydraulic fluid distributor and only one communication channel 14 can be turned on only for the time that is necessary to supply liquid to the consumer via this pressure line , which dramatically increases the overall circuit reliability.

An experimental sample of an automatic hydraulic fluid flow distributor was manufactured under production conditions in the workshops of the Federal State Research Institute of Raduga, and tests were performed in laboratory conditions. The test results are positive.

Efficiency is ensured in a wide range of changes in the following parameters:

- pressure in the pressure pipe (0.2-0.7 MPa);

- fluid flow in the pressure pipe (2.0-3.8 l / s);

- the duration of the fluid supply to each consumer along the pressure line (20-1500 s).

The application of the invention in the national economy will significantly increase the reliability and efficiency of hydraulic systems.

Information sources

1. RF patent No. 21838221, class. G01F 13/00, F04F 10/00, A01G 25/02.

2. RF patent No.2019097, cl. A01G 25/06, 25/16 - prototype.

Claims (5)

1. Automatic hydraulic fluid flow distributor, including a pressure pipe, hydraulic shut-off valves with a stem and a working cavity installed on the pressure pipe, hydraulic communication channels, a filter and a mechanism for turning on hydraulic shut-off valves, characterized in that the mechanism for turning on the hydraulic shut-off valves is made in the form hydraulic switch with input, drain and control output hydraulic communication channels, and the output control communication channels with bscheny with the atmosphere and the working cavities hydraulically check valves and are adapted to alternately connecting to the discharge pipe, and the inlet and discharge channels communicated respectively with the feed line through the filter and the atmosphere. 2. The automatic hydraulic fluid flow distributor according to claim 1, characterized in that the hydraulic switch is made in the form of a hydraulic cylinder with a piston and a rod, a switch valve and a hydraulic step finder, the switch valve and the hydraulic step finder being fixed relative to the hydraulic cylinder and kinematically connected to the rod of the hydraulic cylinder, the rod cavity of the hydraulic cylinder is in communication with the pressure pipe, and its piston cavity has the possibility of alternating communication with the atmosphere th or pressure pipe through a parallel mounted check valve and an adjustable throttle through a switch valve and hydraulic communication channels. 3. The automatic hydraulic fluid flow distributor according to claim 2, characterized in that the compressed spring force of the hydraulic step finder is selected to be greater than the product of the total areas of the stem and the protrusion of the pressure in the pressure pipe. 4. The automatic hydraulic fluid flow distributor according to claim 2, characterized in that the switch valve comprises a piston, a small and a large seat, the diameter of the piston being larger than the diameter of the passage section of the small saddle and less than the diameter of the passage section of the large saddle. 5. The automatic hydraulic fluid flow distributor according to claim 1, characterized in that the stem of the hydraulically controlled shut-off valve is hollow and the working cavity of the diaphragm hydraulic actuator is in communication with the atmosphere and has the possibility of periodic communication with the pressure pipe through control communication channels and a hydraulic step finder.

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