RU236260U1 - Portable hand-held trainer for conducting training sessions on restoring impaired eye movement processes and training eye muscles in various conditions - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to medicine, to the field of neurology, neuropsychology, and ophthalmology, and can be used in conducting classes on restoring the impaired process of eye movements in neurological patients with visual agnosia, as well as for training the eye muscles in order to prevent visual impairment when working on a computer, and classes aimed at improving visual acuity in various diseases associated with impaired functioning of the eye muscles. The utility model is a device consisting of a holder designed to hold the device with a hand and made in the form of a rod (1), at the upper end of which a control element (2) is located, designed to fix the gaze and control the eye movement of the student during the exercises, and at the lower end of the rod (1) there is an eye (3) with a through hole, providing the possibility of installing an accessory in it, contributing to the additional convenience of wearing the device for conducting classes in various conditions. Thus, the portable hand trainer is a simple-to-manufacture and easy-to-use compact device designed for work aimed at both the central and peripheral sections of the visual analyzer, the effectiveness of which is ensured by the fact that, starting from the first lessons, the work process is carried out using an external means facilitating the control of eye movements and training of the eye muscles of the student, allowing for classes to be held on restoring the impaired process of eye movements with a wide contingent of neurological patients with visual agnosia, including bedridden patients and patients with impaired movements of one of the hands, as well as classes on training the eye muscles to prevent visual impairment when working on a computer and classes on training the eye muscles to improve visual acuity in various diseases associated with disorders of the eye muscles. At the same time, the portable hand trainer contributes to an additional increase in the effectiveness of classes on restoring the impaired process of eye movements and training the eye muscles by providing the opportunity for students to constantly carry it with them for the purpose of conducting restorative and training classes in various conditions.

Description

The utility model relates to medicine, to the field of neurology, neuropsychology, and ophthalmology, and can be used in conducting classes on restoring the impaired process of eye movements in neurological patients with visual agnosia, as well as for training the eye muscles for the purpose of preventing visual impairment when working on a computer, and classes aimed at improving visual acuity in various diseases associated with impaired functioning of the eye muscles.

An important feature of the declared device is that, due to its portability, trainees can carry it with them, which makes it possible to conduct training sessions to restore the process of eye movements and train the eye muscles in various conditions, for example, on walks.

The process of eye movements is one of the necessary components that ensure the functioning of the human visual analyzer, in the functioning of which the normal work of the eye muscles plays an important role.

The visual analyzer is a complex neuroreceptor system that perceives and analyzes visual stimuli. The visual analyzer includes three sections: peripheral (eye), conductive (optic nerve, visual and subcortical nerve formations) and central (visual zone of the cerebral cortex) (Dictionary "Correctional Pedagogy and Special Psychology". Visual analyzer, found on the Internet at https://correction_pedagogy.academic.ru/741/Визьком анализатор).

One of the disorders of the central part of the visual analyzer is visual agnosia, which occurs when the occipital and frontal parts of the cerebral cortex are damaged, as a result of which patients have difficulty perceiving “noisy” images of objects and things, and with more severe damage to the occipital parts of the cerebral cortex, real objects and things.

The process of visual perception has a complex structure and can be disrupted due to damage to its various components.

One of the important components necessary for the normal functioning of visual perception is the process of eye movements that trace the contour of the perceived object or subject, and perform a number of other complex movements during the perception of various objects and subjects (Yarbus A.L. The Role of Eye Movements in the Process of Perceiving Images. Moscow: Nauka, 1965).

In the cerebral cortex there are two oculomotor “centers” that control gaze movements: the posterior “center” is located in the parietal-occipital regions of the cerebral cortex and serves for the reflex regulation of gaze movements, ensuring the act of fixation and tracking of a moving point, and the anterior “center” is located in the middle regions of the premotor zone (Brodmann’s area 8) and is the apparatus that regulates voluntary translation of the eyes and active search movements of the gaze (Luria A.R. Lectures on General Psychology, St. Petersburg: Piter, 2006).

Currently, various methods are used for training in restoring the impaired process of eye movements in neurological patients with visual agnosia.

Thus, the method of M.G. Khrakovskaya is known, designed to restore the process of eye movements, their optical-motor activity in neurological patients with visual perception disorders. At the early stages of work on this method, tasks are used aimed at restoring eye movements according to automated reading algorithms: from left to right and top to bottom, line by line. Gradually, during the lessons, the volume of visual information and the complexity of the tasks increase. This type of tasks allows you to increase your readiness for perception due to the regulation of movement and fixation of the gaze. Then, tasks are used aimed at identifying and classifying the details of objects according to specified visual features, etc. (Khrakovskaya M.G. Optimization of neuropsychological rehabilitation strategies using the example of restoring visual gnosis. // Neurorehabilitation-2009: materials of the 1st International Congress. - M., 2009. - P. 48).

The disadvantages of this method when used for conducting classes to restore the impaired process of eye movements and training the eye muscles in various conditions are:

a) this technique is based on the use of automated eye movement algorithms, without the use of any additional external means that make it easier for the patient to control eye movement;

b) this technique provides the ability to restore eye movements only in the plane of the sheet with the working material;

c) this technique helps train the eye muscles that ensure eye movements only in the plane of the sheet with the working material;

d) This technique is intended for use during classes only at a desk.

Also known is the method of L.S. Tsvetkova, designed to restore reading in case of disorder of the process of eye movements. This method is based on the use of an additional external means that controls the patient's gaze and facilitates the implementation of the disordered process of eye movements. As an external means, a special cardboard frame is used, which is placed on a word, leaving the whole word or several of its letters visible, which the patient must read, then the frame gradually moves along the line from word to word, leading the patient's gaze and including in the work his intact kinesthetic sensations (Tsvetkova L.S. Restorative training in local brain damage. Moscow, Pedagogy, 1972).

The disadvantages of this method when used for conducting classes to restore the impaired process of eye movements and training the eye muscles in various conditions are:

a) this technique is intended only for the restoration of eye movements in case of reading process disorders;

b) this technique provides the ability to restore eye movements only in the plane of the sheet with the working material;

c) this technique helps train the eye muscles that ensure eye movements only in the plane of the sheet with the working material;

d) This technique is intended for use during classes only at a desk.

Also known is the method of L.E. Selyavko, designed to restore the impaired process of eye movements based on the “Methodological manual “Linear simulator for group classes to restore the impaired process of eye movements and voluntary attention in neurological patients” (Patent RU 109874 S dated 07/24/2018).

This manual contains sheets of work material in the form of circles sequentially connected by lines, into which one patient writes the letters of words of a phrase, and the other patient reads them, moving his gaze along the lines connecting the circles with the letters inscribed in them in different directions: horizontally, vertically and diagonally. At the same time, a pointer is used as an external means that facilitates the patient's implementation of the impaired process of eye movements (Selyavko L.E. Neuropsychological manual "Linear simulator for classes on the restoration of the impaired process of eye movements and voluntary attention" Methodical almanac "Neurorehabilitator" No. 1. Moscow: Publishing house "Sputnik +", 2020. - P. 52-55).

The disadvantages of this method when used for conducting classes to restore the impaired process of eye movements and training the eye muscles in various conditions are:

a) this technique provides the ability to restore eye movements only in the plane of the sheet with the working material;

b) this technique helps train the eye muscles that ensure eye movements only in the plane of the sheet with the working material;

c) this technique is intended for use during classes only at a desk.

Thus, the methods discussed above help train the eye muscles that ensure eye movements only in the plane of the sheet with the working material, and are not intended to train the eye muscle (ciliary muscle) that ensures clear perception of objects located in space at different distances from the patient.

The ciliary muscle (ciliary muscle) is an internal muscle of the eye that has a ring-shaped form and provides accommodation for viewing objects at different distances (Wikipedia. Ciliary muscle, found on the Internet at https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Цилиарная музыка).

Accommodation is the eye's adaptation to clearly see objects at different distances by focusing the image on the retina. When looking at an object at a close distance, signals are sent to the brain due to its unclear image on the retina. Excitation from the oculomotor nerve is transmitted to the ciliary muscle, which contracts, due to which the ciliary body ring narrows, the tension of the zonule weakens, and the lens, especially its anterior surface, becomes more convex. The refractive power of the eye increases, and the image of a close object becomes clear. When the visual axis of the eye is transferred to a distant object, irritation of the oculomotor nerve ceases, the ciliary muscle relaxes, the ciliary body ring expands, the zonule of Zinn is stretched and the lens takes on a flatter shape (Great Russian Encyclopedia. Accommodation, found on the Internet at https://bigenc.ru/c/akkomodatsiia-aba563?ysclid=m6tfpmbicu886157737).

Along with methods based on the use of printed materials, various devices and trainers are used to restore the impaired process of eye movements.

Thus, from the existing level of technology, a device is known called “A simulator for exercises to restore eye movements in patients of a neurological clinic with a disorder of the visual perception process” (Patent RU 153548 U1 dated 27.07.2015).

Structurally, this device is a plastic frame in which a sheet with working material in the form of various images (objects, labyrinths, etc.) is installed, and an eye movement control element (made of metal with magnetic properties) is installed on the surface of the sheet being used, under which a magnet is located.

When using this device, the patient moves the magnet so that the eye movement control element moves along the contours or other parts of the image being used, while tracking its movement with his gaze.

Thus, this device provides the ability to work on restoring the process of eye movements in the plane of the sheet with the working material. However, eye movement is a more complex process, providing visual perception not only in the plane, but also in real three-dimensional space.

The disadvantages of this device when used for conducting exercises to restore the impaired process of eye movements and training the eye muscles in various conditions are:

a) this device provides the ability to restore eye movements only in the plane of the sheet with the working material;

b) this device helps train the eye muscles that ensure eye movements only in the plane of the sheet with the working material, but is not intended for training the ciliary muscle;

c) the need to use additional materials in the form of sheets with working materials;

d) This technique is intended for use during classes only at a desk.

To train the ciliary muscles of the eyes, various sets of exercises are used, one of which is, for example, the set "Visual exercises for relaxation and training of the ciliary muscle", which includes the following exercises: a) a mark with a diameter of 1.5-2 cm is applied to the window glass, and the practitioner, being at a distance of 30-35 cm from the window glass, must move his gaze from the mark to some object located outside the window at a distance of at least 5 meters, and back; b) the practitioner must stretch his hand forward and look at the tip of the index finger, then slowly bring the finger closer to the nose, without taking his eyes off it, until the finger begins to double; c) the practitioner places the finger of his right hand at face level, at a distance of 25-30 cm from the eyes and looks with both eyes at the tip of the finger for 5 seconds, covering the left eye with his hand for 5 seconds, after which he removes his palm and again looks at the finger with both eyes for 5 seconds, then changes hands. (Ophthalmological Center. Eye exercises, ciliary muscle training, found on the Internet on 06/01/2025 at https://optika-r.ru/zdorove-glaz/uprazhneniya-dlya-glaz-trenirovka-tsiliarnoy-myshtsy/).

The disadvantages of these exercises when used for conducting classes to restore the impaired process of eye movements and training the eye muscles in various conditions are:

a) these exercises are not intended for training in restoring impaired eye movement processes;

b) these exercises provide training only for the ciliary muscles of the eyes.

Along with the exercises discussed above, various devices and exercise machines are also used to train the ciliary muscles of the eyes.

Thus, from the existing level of technology, the device “Trainer for the correction of presbyopia” is known (RU 138750 U1 from 20.03.2014).

Structurally, this device is a hollow tube with a diameter of 15 mm and a length of 240 mm with a longitudinal slot, while plugs are installed on both sides of the tube, and a ball with a diameter of 12 mm is placed inside it.

When exercising with this device, the practitioner takes it in his hands and places it perpendicularly at a distance of 15-30 cm from the eyes, so that the ball is visible in the tube slit. By swinging the tube along the longitudinal axis, the patient sets the ball in motion. The ball moves in the direction from the eyes and back, at a speed that the practitioner regulates so as to ensure the convergence of the axes of the eyes and bifixation of the ball as it approaches without unpleasant sensations. The closer the distance and the slower the speed of the ball, the more effective the effect on the ciliary muscles.

By continuously monitoring the ball moving forward and backward perpendicularly to the eyes for a short period of time and by using it daily and repeatedly, it has a direct effect on the ciliary muscles, restoring their tone and correcting vision in presbyopia.

Thus, this device provides the ability to train the ciliary muscles of the eyes due to the ability to freely move the ball in the cavity of the tube and track its movement through a longitudinal slit.

The disadvantages of this device when used for conducting exercises to restore the impaired process of eye movements and training the eye muscles in various conditions are:

a) this device is not intended for exercises to restore impaired eye movement processes;

b) this device is intended for training only the ciliary muscles of the eyes;

c) the range of motion (working stroke) of the ball, which provides the possibility of training the ciliary muscle, is equal to the length of the tube, which is 240 mm;

d) the need to hold the device with both hands, which complicates its use for neurological patients with impaired movement in one hand;

d) the difficulty of conducting classes with bedridden neurological patients.

Also known from the existing level of technology is the device “Trainer for exercises to restore eye movements in patients with visual-object agnosia” (Patent RU 160587 U1 dated 03/27/2016).

This device is a handle movably fixed on a flat stand, in the upper and lower parts of which two groups of telescopically connected tubes are placed, while the end of the central tube, located in the lower part of the handle, is connected to the stand, and at the end of the central tube, located in the upper part of the handle, a ball with a diameter of 10-20 mm is fixed, designed to fix the gaze and control the process of eye movement of the patient.

During the exercises, this device is placed on the surface of the table, and the ball is raised to a height corresponding to the eye level of the patient, who, holding the handle with one hand, begins to slowly move the ball, tracking its movement with his gaze.

This movement can be carried out in a plane either parallel or perpendicular to the patient’s face, or be of a more complex circular nature with periodic alternation of the direction of rotation.

Along with this, the patient, holding the stand of the device with one hand, smoothly lifts the ball by the handle with the other hand (moving the lower tubes apart) above eye level, after which he also lowers it below eye level, as a result of which vertical movements are added to the trajectory of the movement of the control element.

Thus, this device provides the ability to continuously track a ball with the gaze, performing complex movements in three spatial coordinates.

An important feature of this device is that it provides the ability to work aimed at both restoring the process of eye movements, implemented under the control of the oculomotor “centers” of the brain, which are part of the central section of the visual analyzer, and work aimed at training the eye muscles, which are part of the peripheral section of the visual analyzer.

The disadvantages of this device when used for conducting exercises to restore the impaired process of eye movements and training the eye muscles in various conditions are:

a) this device is stationary, therefore it can only be used if there is a desktop on which it is installed;

b) this device is not portable, as it contains a stand that does not allow you to carry it with you for training in various conditions;

c) the presence of a stand limits the ability to perform movements of the ball along complex trajectories, allowing only relatively simple movements: left-right, up-down, perpendicular to the eyes, in a circle;

d) the need to hold the handle with one hand and the stand of the device with the other, which complicates its use for neurological patients with impaired movement of one of the hands;

d) the difficulty of conducting classes with bedridden neurological patients.

In order to overcome the shortcomings of the above-mentioned devices and training devices, a device called "Portable hand-held training device for conducting training sessions on restoring the impaired process of eye movements and training eye muscles in various conditions" (hereinafter referred to as "Portable hand-held training device") has been developed. It is an easy-to-use and compact device that provides the ability to conduct training sessions aimed at both restoring the process of eye movements (implemented under the control of the oculomotor "centers" of the brain, which are part of the central section of the visual analyzer), and training sessions aimed at training the eye muscles (which are part of the peripheral section of the visual analyzer).

The tasks that the declared technical solution is aimed at solving are:

a) the versatility of the device, which provides the possibility of conducting classes aimed at both the central and peripheral sections of the visual analyzer, which allows it to be used in various areas of medical rehabilitation;

b) portability and compactness of the device, which allows those involved to carry it with them at all times to conduct exercises in various conditions, for example, on walks;

c) providing the opportunity to conduct classes on the restoration of the impaired process of eye movements in neurological patients with visual agnosia;

d) providing the opportunity to train the eye muscles to prevent visual impairment when working on a computer;

d) providing the opportunity to train the eye muscles to improve visual acuity in various diseases associated with dysfunction of the eye muscles;

e) ensuring the ability of the control element of the device to perform various movements along trajectories of varying degrees of complexity in three spatial coordinates;

g) ensuring the ability to hold the device during exercise with one hand;

c) providing the opportunity to conduct classes for bedridden neurological patients;

i) simplicity of the device design, which facilitates its wide implementation in the practical sphere.

The technical result of the claimed utility model is an increase in the effectiveness of classes on restoring the impaired process of eye movements and training the eye muscles, implemented due to the design elements and compactness of the claimed "Portable Hand Trainer", providing the opportunity for those involved to constantly carry it with them for conducting restorative and training classes in various conditions, and allowing for classes on restoring the impaired process of eye movements with a wide contingent of neurological patients with visual agnosia, including bedridden patients and patients with impaired movement of one of the hands, as well as classes on training the eye muscles for the prevention of visual impairment when working on a computer, and classes on training the eye muscles to improve visual acuity in various diseases associated with impaired functioning of the eye muscles.

This technical result is achieved due to the fact that the "Portable Hand Trainer" is a device consisting of a holder designed to hold the device with a hand and made in the form of a rod, at the upper end of which there is a control element designed to fix the gaze and control the movement of the eyes of the person exercising during the exercise, and at the lower end of the rod there is an eye with a through hole, providing the possibility of installing an accessory in it, which contributes to the additional convenience of wearing the device for exercising in various conditions.

In the preferred embodiment of the "Portable Hand Exerciser", the rod has a round cross-section.

In the preferred embodiment of the "Portable Hand Exerciser", the rod has a cross-section in the form of a regular convex polygon.

In the preferred embodiment of the "Portable Hand Trainer", the control element is designed in the form of a geometric figure.

In the preferred embodiment of the "Portable Hand Trainer", the control element is in the form of an object.

In the preferred embodiment of the "Portable Hand Trainer", the control element is in the form of an image of an object.

In the preferred embodiment of the "Portable Hand Trainer", the control element is in the form of a symbol.

The essence of the utility model "Portable hand-held trainer for conducting classes on restoring the impaired process of eye movements and training eye muscles in various conditions" is explained by drawings, which depict:

Fig. 1 - general view of the "Portable hand trainer";

Fig. 2 is a side view of the "Portable Hand Exerciser".

"Portable hand trainer" (see Fig. 1, 2) is a device consisting of a holder designed to hold the device with the hand of the person exercising (a patient with impaired eye movement or visual acuity, as well as a person training vision), and made in the form of a rod (1), at the upper end of which there is a control element (2) designed to fix the gaze and control the movement of the eyes of the person exercising during the exercises, and at the lower end of the rod (1) there is an eye (3) with a through hole, providing the possibility of installing an accessory (ring, carabiner, cord, etc.) in it, which contributes to the additional convenience of wearing the device by the person exercising in various conditions, for example, on walks.

The term “portable” means “small in size, convenient to carry with you” (Ushakov’s Explanatory Dictionary. Portable, found on the Internet at https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ushakov/960734).

The term “manual” means “intended for, adapted for hands” (Ozhegov’s Explanatory Dictionary. Manual, found on the Internet at https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ogegova/210722).

The term “holder” is understood as “a device for holding or securing something” (Ozhegov’s Explanatory Dictionary. Holder, found on the Internet at https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ogegova/47014).

The term “rod” is understood as “an object of elongated shape that is the axis of something or the base that supports or carries something” (Ushakov’s Explanatory Dictionary. Rod, found on the Internet at https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/ushakov/1043066).

The term “eye” refers to “a device on the side of various objects for more convenient lifting, holding, hanging, etc.” (Modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language by Efremova. Eye, found on the Internet at https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/efremova/260606).

The term "accessory" is understood as "an optional item that accompanies something; is an accessory to something; can improve, decorate, or complement something" (Wikipedia. Accessory, found on the Internet at https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Аксессуар).

The term “gaze” is understood as “the direction, the focus of the eyes towards someone or something” (Modern explanatory dictionary of the Russian language by Efremova. Gaze, found on the Internet at https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/efremova/146522/Gaze).

The dimensions of this particular "Portable Hand Exerciser" listed below are not intended to limit the scope of protection, as they may change during the course of its creation.

The rod (1) can be made of plastic, metal or other material, and its length can range from 50 to 150 millimeters or more.

The rod (1) can be solid or hollow. If it is hollow, its wall thickness is 1.5-3 mm.

The rod (1) can have a circular cross-section or a cross-section in the form of a regular convex polygon.

A polygon is a geometric figure defined as a part of a plane bounded by a closed broken line. A polygon with three vertices is called a triangle, with four - a quadrilateral, with five - a pentagon, etc. A convex polygon is a polygon that lies on one side of any line containing its side. A convex polygon is called regular if all its sides and all its angles are equal (Wikipedia. Polygon, found on the Internet at https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Polygon).

Thus, the rod (1) can have a cross-section in the form of a triangle, quadrangle, pentagon, hexagon, etc.

If the rod (1) has a round cross-section, its diameter can be from 7 to 15 millimeters or more.

If the rod (1) has a cross-section in the form of a regular convex polygon, then the diameter of the circle described around it can be from 7 to 15 millimeters or more.

For more convenient holding of the “Portable Hand Trainer” during training, notches can be made on the surface of the rod (1) (not shown in the figures).

At the upper end of the rod (1) there is a control element (2) designed to fix the gaze and control the eye movement of the person exercising (a patient with impaired eye movement or visual acuity, as well as a person training vision) during the performance of exercises aimed at restoring the impaired process of eye movement or training the eye muscles.

The control element (2) is fastened to the upper end of the rod (1) by means of, for example, a threaded connection: a) when the control element (2) is screwed onto an external thread made on the upper end of the rod (1), if it has a circular cross-section, in which case a projection with an internal thread may be made on the control element (2); b) when the control element (2) has a projection with an external thread intended for screwing into an internal thread made in a recess on the upper end of the rod (1).

The control element (2) can also be attached to the upper end of the rod (1) in any other way, for example, by means of an adhesive connection.

In addition, the rod (1) with the control element (2) can be made as a single integral structure made of plastic, metal or other material.

The control element (2) can be designed as:

a) a geometric figure, which may be a flat geometric figure, having, for example, the shape of a circle, a polygon, etc., or a three-dimensional geometric figure, having, for example, the shape of a sphere (see Fig. 1, 2), a polyhedron (dodecahedron, icosahedron, spherical polyhedron), etc.;

b) a three-dimensional object, for example, in the form of an apple, a flower, etc.;

c) a flat image of an object, for example, an image of an apple, an image of a flower, etc.;

d) a symbol, for example, a number, letter, hieroglyph, etc.;

d) any other object that provides the ability to fix the gaze and control the eye movement of the person performing the exercises.

The term "polygon" refers to a geometric figure defined as a part of a plane bounded by a closed broken line. A polygon with three vertices is called a triangle, with four - a quadrilateral, with five - a pentagon, etc. (Wikipedia. Polygon, found on the Internet at https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Polygon).

The term "polyhedron" refers to a closed surface made up of polygons. There are different types of polyhedrons, for example, a dodecahedron is a twelve-sided polyhedron, an icosahedron is a twenty-sided polyhedron, etc. (Wikipedia. Polyhedron, found on the Internet at https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Многогранник).

The term "spherical polyhedron" refers to a tessellation on a sphere in which the surface is divided by large arcs into bounded regions called spherical polygons. The best-known example of a spherical polyhedron is the soccer ball (Wikipedia. Spherical polyhedron, found on the Internet at https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphericalpolyhedron).

The term "object" is understood as any specific material phenomenon perceived by the senses and thinking as something that exists separately. To see an object. Animate, inanimate object. To discover an object, etc. (Website Academician. Encyclopedic Dictionary. Object, found on the Internet at https://dic.academic.ru/dic.nsf/es/45885/подмен).

The term "symbol" refers to a separate graphic sign in writing, such as a letter, number, etc. (Wiktionary. Symbol, found on the Internet at https://ru.wiktionary.org/wiki/symbol).

If the control element (2) is made in the form of a ball, its diameter can be 12-30 mm.

If the control element (2) is made in the form of some other three-dimensional geometric figure or in the form of an object, then its length, width and height are within 12-30 mm.

If the control element (2) is made in the form of a flat geometric figure, an image of an object or a symbol, then its width and height are within 12-30 mm, and the thickness is 2-6 mm.

The control element (2) can be made of plastic (transparent, translucent or opaque), metal, wood, rubber or other material.

The outer surface of the control element (2) may be matte or shiny. Its outer surface may be coated with any color or a coating in the form of a combination of several different colors. Also, various graphic elements in the form of dots, lines, geometric figures, symbols (letters, numbers), etc., which may be located in an arbitrary order, or in accordance with the appearance of any object or item, for example, a watch face, may be applied to its outer surface.

If the control element (2) is made in the form of a three-dimensional geometric figure or object, it can be monolithic or hollow.

If the control element (2) is made of plastic in the form of a three-dimensional geometric figure or object and is hollow, it can be additionally equipped with internal illumination consisting of a light-emitting diode installed inside it and a battery (like a "tablet"), as well as a switch located, for example, on its surface. In this case, the illumination of the first control element (2) is not a mandatory element of the design of the "Portable Hand Trainer".

At the lower end of the rod (1) there is an eye (3) with a through hole, which allows for the installation of an accessory (not shown in the figures), which provides additional convenience for the constant wearing of the “Portable Hand Exerciser” by those involved in conducting exercises in various conditions, for example, on walks.

The width of the eyelet (3) is 7-15 mm, and its thickness is 3-5 mm. The diameter of the through hole in the eyelet (4) is 3-8 mm.

The fastening of the eye (3) to the lower end of the rod (1) is carried out by means of, for example, a threaded connection: a) when the eye (3) is screwed onto an external thread made on the lower end of the rod (1), if it has a circular cross-section, while a projection with an internal thread can be made on the eye (3); b) when the eye (3) has a projection with an external thread intended for screwing into an internal thread made in a recess on the lower end of the rod (1).

The fastening of the eye (3) to the lower end of the rod (1) can also be carried out in any other way, for example, by means of an adhesive connection.

In addition, the rod (1) with the eye (3) can be made as a single integral structure made of plastic, metal or other material.

Thus, the eyelet (3) with the hole provides the possibility of installing the following accessories in it, which contribute to the additional convenience of constantly wearing the “Portable Hand Trainer” for training in various conditions:

a) a carabiner that allows the device to be attached to the belt loops of trousers or a skirt, to a bag or backpack, etc.;

b) a metal ring that allows the device to be used as a keychain;

c) a cord or strap that allows the device to be attached to a trouser or skirt belt, a bag or backpack, etc.

The term "carabiner" refers to "a removable connecting link in the form of a bracket with a spring latch" (Wikipedia. Carabiner (device), found on the Internet at https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Карабин_(строительство).

The term "belt loop" refers to "a loop through which a belt is threaded and to which something can be attached (suspended)" (Wikipedia. Belt loop, found on the Internet at https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Шлевка).

At the same time, a cord or strap can provide additional, more reliable fixation of the device in the user’s hand when exercising in various conditions, for example, outdoors in windy weather.

Thus, the design elements of the declared “Portable Hand Trainer” provide:

a) increasing the effectiveness of exercises to restore the impaired process of eye movements or to train the eye muscles by using an external means for fixing the gaze and controlling eye movements;

b) increasing the effectiveness of recovery and training sessions due to the compactness of the device, which allows those involved to carry it with them to conduct sessions in various conditions;

c) maintaining and increasing interest in activities to restore the impaired process of eye movements and training the eye muscles through the use of a new device;

d) ease and convenience of holding the device by the holder with the practitioner’s hand during the performance of various exercises;

d) the ability to implement various movements of the control element of the device along various trajectories of any degree of complexity;

e) the possibility of conducting long-term courses of study aimed at restoring the impaired process of eye movements or training the eye muscles;

g) the possibility of using the device in various conditions, in the absence of a horizontal surface;

c) the possibility of conducting classes with neurological patients who have impaired movement in one of their hands.

Work with the device "Portable hand-held trainer for conducting classes on restoring the impaired process of eye movements and training the eye muscles in various conditions" is carried out using methods determined by the objectives of the restorative or training classes.

Restoration of the process of eye movements in patients with visual agnosia The relevance of using the "Portable hand trainer" during classes on restoring the impaired process of eye movements in neurological patients with visual agnosia is due to the fact that most existing trainers and manuals provide the ability to restore eye movements only in the plane of the sheet with the working material, in contrast to which the "Portable hand trainer" provides the ability to restore eye movements in real three-dimensional space.

Classes to restore the impaired process of eye movements in neurological patients with visual agnosia are conducted under the guidance of a neuropsychologist or other specialist in this field.

During a course of training to restore the impaired process of eye movements, the specialist shows the patient various types of exercises, teaching him how to independently use the “Portable Hand Trainer”.

Each of the six types of exercises described below is based on the use of a control element (2) of the “Portable Hand Trainer” held in a vertical position by the patient’s hand by the holder to fix the patient’s gaze and control the patient’s eye movements.

The first type of exercises includes the simplest movements of the control element (2) in a conditional plane located in front of the patient's face at arm's length. For example, movements to the left and right, movements up and down, movements along the diagonals of a conditional rectangle, etc.

After the specialist has demonstrated these exercises, the patient takes the "Portable Hand Trainer" by the holder with his hand (left or right) and makes a slow, uniform movement of the hand with the device along these trajectories, tracking the movement of the control element (2) with his gaze, without straining his eyes or moving his head. At the same time, the specialist monitors the correctness of the patient's performance of these exercises, so that the movements are smooth and calm, and the maximum deviation of the control element (2) is comfortable for the patient (this also applies to other types of exercises).

The second type of exercise consists of the patient holding the "Portable Hand Trainer" by the handle in such a way that the control element (2) is positioned motionless in front of his face at arm's length. Then the patient, fixing his gaze on the control element (2), performs smooth movements of the head to the left and right, up and down, etc. under the supervision of a specialist.

The third type of exercises is a more complicated version of the first type of exercises and includes more complex movements of the control element (2), which are performed in a conditional plane located approximately at arm's length in front of the patient's face. For example, movements in a circle (clockwise and counterclockwise), movements along the contour of a horizontally oriented figure eight (clockwise and counterclockwise), etc.

The fourth type of exercise is a more complicated version of the second type of exercise, and consists of the patient holding the "Portable Hand Trainer" in such a way that the control element (2) is motionless in front of his face at arm's length. Then the patient, fixing his gaze on the control element (2), makes more complex movements with his head, for example, in a circle (clockwise and counterclockwise), along the contour of a horizontally oriented figure eight (clockwise and counterclockwise), etc.

The fifth type of exercises includes movements of the control element (2), which are carried out in a vertical plane perpendicular to the center of the patient's face. For example, linear movements from the patient's face and back, circular movements (clockwise and counterclockwise), etc.

The sixth type of exercises includes more complex trajectories of movements of the control element (2), carried out not in one plane, as in the first, third and fifth types of exercises, but in three-dimensional space. For example, movements along the contour of an imaginary ball or any other three-dimensional figure, etc.

The above-described types of exercises using the "Portable Hand Trainer" differ in their degree of complexity and are included by the specialist in the training process gradually, taking into account the degree of impairment of the patient's eye movement process and his ability to perform certain eye movements.

Each exercise is repeated by the patient, depending on his condition, from two to five times, with certain breaks, the duration of which is determined by the specialist.

After mastering the use of these exercises under the guidance of a specialist, the patient gets the opportunity to conduct independent exercises in various conditions using the "Portable Hand Trainer", which he can constantly carry with him, using for ease of wearing, installed in the eye (3) of any of the accessories discussed above.

As the patient achieves positive results in restoring the process of eye movements, a gradual increase in the number of exercises of the sixth type is carried out, which are distinguished by a more complex trajectory of movements of the control element (2).

Eye muscle training to prevent vision problems

The relevance of using the "Portable Handheld Trainer" for training eye muscles for the purpose of preventing visual impairment is due to the fact that currently most people's work, study and other activities are connected with a computer, the active use of which contributes to the occurrence of computer vision syndrome.

Visual performance and visual fatigue of a computer user are closely related to the state of his accommodation (the ability of the visual apparatus to focus the gaze on objects located at different distances) and convergence (the convergence of the visual axes of both eyes on a fixed object) of the eye. The basis for the development of computer vision syndrome is the mechanism of overstrain of the accommodative apparatus of the eye. Due to the fact that text on electronic media is not presented in the form of solid lines, but consists of separate dots and pixels, images on electronic media and paper differ greatly and the eyes are not able to maintain focus. This leads to disruption of the work and uneven contraction of the muscle that provides accommodation (ciliary muscle) and the development of accommodation spasm (A.I. Oleynik. Computer vision syndrome, found 01.06.2025 on the Internet at https://gkb-23.ru/tag/elektrostimulyatsiya-tsiliarnoj-myshtsy/).

One of the ways to combat computer vision syndrome is visual gymnastics, based on regular performance of a set of exercises to relieve eye strain: a) look alternately to the right and left, focusing on each point for 1-2 seconds; b) look alternately up and down, focusing on each point for 1-2 seconds; c) perform circular eye movements, first clockwise, then counterclockwise; d) open and close your eyes quite intensively; d) look alternately diagonally up to the right and down to the left, up to the left and down to the right, focusing on each point for 1-2 seconds; e) bring the index finger of the hand closer to the nose, focusing the gaze on the tip of the finger, thus bringing the eyes to the nose and fixing the gaze for 1-2 seconds (Daria Lebedinets. How working at a computer affects vision, found 01.06.2025 on the Internet at https://oft.nika-nn.ru/articles/kak-rabota-za-kompyuterom-vliyaet-na-zrenie/?ysclid=m6xq31ajuc266778241).

The developed "Portable Hand Trainer" facilitates the performance of this and similar sets of exercises based on eye movement, making their performance more convenient and comfortable due to the presence of a control element (2), which the trainee follows with his gaze during the performance of these exercises.

The important value of the "Portable Hand Exerciser" is that exercisers can carry it with them at all times and use it to exercise in various conditions, such as while walking.

In this case, the use of the "Portable Hand Trainer" is particularly relevant for conducting visual gymnastics for neurological patients during classes on restoring impaired mental functions using computer technologies, which are widely used in the practice of neuropsychological rehabilitation of patients with organic brain damage (Selyavko L.E., Tsvetkova L.S. Computer technologies in rehabilitation training. Bulletin of Moscow University. Series 14, Psychology. 2006. No. 2. Pp. 71-78).

This is due to the fact that the visual system of neurological patients is more susceptible to the effects of a computer monitor and therefore needs more rest and preventive training.

The use of the "Portable Hand Trainer" during training sessions aimed at training the eye muscles for the prevention of visual impairment is carried out through visual gymnastics exercises to overcome computer vision syndrome and various exercises similar to the exercises described above aimed at restoring the process of eye movements in neurological patients with visual agnosia.

At the same time, the main differences between classes aimed at training the eye muscles for the prevention of visual impairment in computer vision syndrome and classes aimed at restoring the process of eye movements in neurological patients with visual agnosia are:

a) shorter classes, if they are held more regularly;

b) the use of additional exercises that promote better eye function: blinking, eye massage, etc.;

c) some increase in the number of exercises of the fifth and sixth types aimed at training the ciliary muscle.

All exercises performed using the "Portable Hand Trainer" should be performed slowly, calmly, smoothly, without straining the eye muscles.

Along with exercises aimed at training the eye muscles to prevent visual impairment when working on a computer, the "Portable Hand Trainer" can be used to prevent visual impairment during any other activity involving prolonged fixation of the gaze on objects located close to the eyes, such as reading books, writing on a piece of paper, drawing, etc.

Eye muscle training to improve visual acuity

The relevance of using the "Portable Hand Trainer" for training the eye muscles in order to improve visual acuity is due to the fact that various diseases associated with dysfunction of the eye muscles have become widespread at present, the most common of which are myopia and presbyopia.

Eye muscle training sessions to improve visual acuity are conducted under the guidance of an ophthalmologist or other specialist in this field.

Currently, various exercise complexes are known, for example, the "Exercises for vision restoration" complex, which help improve visual acuity by performing special exercises aimed at restoring the tone of the eye muscles and improving the condition of the visual apparatus. Regular performance of these exercises helps relieve tension, saturate the eye tissues with oxygen, thereby improving visual acuity, relieving tension in the frontal lobe of the head, and stimulating the tear ducts. This complex includes a blinking exercise, which improves blood circulation; an eye squeeze exercise, which helps relieve tension; eyelid massage, which improves the circulation of ocular fluid, etc. This complex also includes exercises that involve “drawing” with the eyes images of a “figure eight”, arrows in different directions, the letter “S”, etc. It is recommended to print these images on a sheet of paper and use them as eye movement trajectories during the exercises (Ophthalmological Clinic. V.A. Parshina. Exercises for vision restoration, found on 01.06.2025 on the Internet at https://www.sfe.ru/info/stati/uprazhneniya-dlya-vosstanovleniya-zreni/).

The developed "Portable Hand Trainer" facilitates the performance of this and similar sets of exercises based on eye movements, making their performance more convenient and comfortable due to the presence of a control element (2), which the trainee follows with his gaze during the performance of these exercises.

At the same time, the special relevance of the “Portable Hand Trainer” for training the eye muscles in order to improve visual acuity is due to the fact that those involved can carry it with them at all times and use it to conduct training in various conditions, for example, on walks.

The use of the "Portable Hand Trainer" during training sessions aimed at training the eye muscles to improve visual acuity is carried out through sets of special exercises to improve visual acuity, and various exercises similar to the exercises described above aimed at restoring the process of eye movements in neurological patients with visual agnosia and exercises to train the eye muscles to prevent visual impairment.

The main difference between training the eye muscles to improve visual acuity and training to prevent visual impairment is:

a) increasing the duration of classes;

b) increasing the number of additional exercises aimed at relieving tension, improving blood circulation in the eye, etc.;

c) increasing the number of exercises of the fifth and sixth types aimed at training the ciliary muscle.

Along with exercises aimed at restoring eye movements and training eye muscles, the stated "Portable Hand Trainer" can be effectively used:

a) when conducting corrective and developmental classes with children who have disorders in the formation of the eye movement process;

b) when conducting classes with children to prevent visual impairment when working on a computer, as well as classes to improve visual acuity in cases of myopia;

c) when conducting classes with neurological patients with alexia, whose reading difficulties are caused by a disorder of the eye movement process, therefore, when working with these patients, the above-described set of exercises for restoring eye movements is used;

d) when conducting classes with neurological patients with unilateral visual-spatial agnosia, in which the perception of objects in the left visual field is impaired, therefore, in working with these patients, the above-described exercises are used to restore eye movements, based on tracking the movement of the control element with the gaze, which periodically goes beyond the visual field perceived by the patient;

d) when conducting classes with neurological patients who have impaired voluntary attention, due to the fact that tracking the movements of the control element with the gaze will help improve concentration.

Thus, the "Portable Hand Trainer" is a simple-to-make and easy-to-use compact device designed for work aimed at both the central and peripheral sections of the visual analyzer, the effectiveness of which is ensured by the fact that, starting from the first lessons, the work process is carried out using an external means that facilitates the control of eye movement and training of the eye muscles of the student, allowing for classes to be held to restore the impaired process of eye movements with a wide contingent of neurological patients with visual agnosia, including bedridden patients and patients with impaired movement of one of the hands, as well as classes to train the eye muscles to prevent visual impairment when working on a computer and classes to train the eye muscles to improve visual acuity in various diseases associated with disorders of the eye muscles.

At the same time, the "Portable Hand Trainer" helps to further increase the effectiveness of training in restoring the impaired process of eye movements and training the eye muscles by providing the opportunity for those involved to constantly carry it with them for the purpose of conducting restorative and training sessions in various conditions.

Claims (7)

1. A portable hand-held trainer for conducting exercises to restore the impaired process of eye movements and to train the eye muscles in various conditions, characterized by the fact that it is a device consisting of a holder designed to hold the device with a hand and made in the form of a rod, at the upper end of which there is a control element designed to fix the gaze and control the movement of the eyes of the trainee during the exercise, and at the lower end of the rod there is an eye with a hole, providing the possibility of installing an accessory in it, facilitating the constant wearing of the trainer by the trainee for conducting exercises in various conditions. 2. A portable hand-held exercise machine according to item 1, characterized in that the rod has a round cross-section. 3. A portable hand-held exercise machine according to item 1, characterized in that the rod has a cross-section in the form of a regular convex polygon. 4. A portable hand-held exercise machine according to item 1, characterized in that the control element is made in the form of a geometric figure. 5. A portable hand-held exercise machine according to item 1, characterized in that the control element is made in the form of an object. 6. A portable hand-held exercise machine according to item 1, characterized in that the control element is made in the form of an image of an object. 7. A portable hand-held exercise machine according to item 1, characterized in that the control element is made in the form of a symbol.