RU2361624C1 - Device increasing hypoxia tolerance (antihypoxikap) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention concerns medical equipment and can be used for rising of tolerance to hypoxia during flight on various flying machines, ascension in mountains, at compression chamber lifting and at chronic obstructive diseases of lungs and idiopathic hypertensia. The device for rising of tolerance of a human body to hypoxia at breath with air with lowered content of oxygen contains an attachment and a replaceable capacity of additional dead space, a mouthpiece for breath through a mouth and a valve tee-joint bridged in a uniform complex. The tee-joint is supplied by the respiratory valve in a respiratory tube and an exhaling valve in an exhaling tube. The attachment is executed for installation on a valve tee-joint and has an aperture for resistance to air. Diametre of an aperture and volume of replaceable capacity of additional dead space is selected individually. At exhalation through the mouthpiece, the capacity of additional dead space, the exhaling tube of the valve tee-joint and an attachment exhibit resistance to exhalation. At inspiration through the respiratory tube of the valve tee-joint, the capacity of additional dead space and the mouthpiece support concentration of carbon dioxide in alveolar air at the level close to physiological level at inhalation of the last portion of exhaled air. Both components of gas exchange in lungs "oxygen-carbonic gas" are as a result activated and normalised, and hypoxia tolerance increases.

EFFECT: increasing of hypoxia tolerance.

3 dwg

Description

The Antihypoxicap device relates to technical means of increasing the resistance of the human body to hypoxia when breathing air with a low oxygen content using, for a new purpose, known methods of breathing resistance and / or breathing through additional dead space. The device is proposed to be used to increase resistance to hypoxia during flights on various aircraft, climbing mountains, during pressure chambers, as well as in chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases and hypertension.

There are a large number of devices, breathing simulators, with the help of which they create a training or therapeutic load on the respiratory system by breathing resistance and / or re-breathing through additional dead space (Zakoshchikov KF, Katin S.O., 2005). The closest analogues of the Antihypoxicap are the respiratory simulator TDI-01 Frolova V.F. and Kustova E.F. and kapnikator A. Nenasheva et al.

These and other similar devices are intended to create, for therapeutic purposes, a load on the respiratory system with hypoxic-hypercapnic air and breathing resistance through additional dead space to treat a number of chronic diseases. In contrast to these devices, Antihypoxicaps create a combined load on the respiratory system with dosed exhalation resistance and return breathing through additional dead space in order to activate physiological mechanisms of hypoxia resistance when staying in an atmosphere with a low oxygen content. This combined load on the respiratory system affects both components of the gas exchange in the lungs “oxygen - carbon dioxide”. Dosed expiratory resistance, the so-called controlled breathing, increases the saturation of arterial blood with oxygen in the lungs, and the return breath of the last portion of exhaled air maintains a concentration of carbon dioxide in the alveolar air at physiological or near physiological levels in the event of development of compensatory hyperventilation as a reaction to hypoxia. The combination of good oxygen saturation and physiological concentration of carbon dioxide in arterial blood ensures the body's resistance to hypoxia.

When healthy men rise to a “height” of 5000 m in the pressure chamber by breathing through the Antihypoxicap, the saturation of arterial blood with oxygen increases on average from 75-80 to 90-95%, which is equivalent to a descent from the “height” to 2000-1500 m. Figure 1 shows an example of the effect of breathing through a device when a healthy 53-year-old man rises to a “height” of 5000 m in an altitude chamber with an exposure of 25 minutes. Arrows indicate the beginning of the stages of the study: 1 - rise, 2 - exposure at "height", 3 - breathing through the device, 4 - descent. At the “height” with a good initial saturation of arterial blood with oxygen, it increased by 10%.

In a healthy person, on average 4 vol.% Of carbon dioxide is contained in the exhaled air and, accordingly, in the additional capacity of the dead space. Inhaling air from the additional capacity of the dead space, depending on the initial level, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the alveolar air is maintained at physiological level - 4 vol.% Or more (partial pressure 30 mm Hg or more) or close to physiological level. Such a concentration of carbon dioxide in the lungs and in arterial blood ensures good dissociation of oxyhemoglobin and oxygen delivery to tissues. According to the calculation, inhalation of the last portion of exhaled air from an additional capacity of dead space with a volume of 100 ml with a tidal volume of 500 ml increases the concentration of carbon dioxide in the alveolar air by 0.8 vol.%. The same ratio is maintained with an additional capacity of 150 ml and a tidal volume of 700 ml. In practice, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the alveolar air has a more complex dependence and largely depends on the volume of pulmonary ventilation, especially hyperventilation as a compensatory reaction to hypoxia, leading to a state of hypocapnia, respiratory alkalosis, which makes it difficult for the Verigo-Bor effect to dissociate oxyhemoglobin and deliver oxygen to tissues. Normalization of carbon dioxide concentration in the alveolar air with the help of an additional dead space capacity prevents the development of hyperventilation as a compensatory reaction to hypoxia, optimizes gas exchange in the lungs and improves hypoxia tolerance.

The combined effect of breathing through the device — antihypoxic and antihypocapnic — is ensured by the following design (Fig. 2, Fig. 3): a valve tee (5), a nozzle on the valve tee with an opening for exhalation resistance with a diameter of 2, 3, 4 or 5 mm (6), additional dead space capacity of 100, 150 or 200 ml (7), mouthpiece (8). Valve tee tracts of inspiration and expiration are disconnected. The arrows indicate the direction of air movement in the respiratory cycle.

Biomechanics of breathing through the device is as follows. A free breath is carried out through the valve tee tube with an inhalation valve (9), the capacity of the additional dead space and the mouthpiece. In this case, the last portion of air exhaled in the previous respiratory cycle with a high content of carbon dioxide is inhaled from the capacity of the additional dead space. Exhale through the mouthpiece, the capacity of the additional dead space, the valve tee tube with the exhalation valve (10) and the nozzle with an opening for resistance to exhalation. This creates a metered resistance to expiration by changing the diameter of the nozzle hole. Replaceable capacity of additional dead space with a volume of 100, 150 or 200 ml and nozzles on a valve tee with an opening with a diameter of 2, 3, 4 or 5 mm are selected individually according to the value of pulmonary ventilation, heart rate, arterial oxygen saturation and subjective load tolerance, created by the device.

In the practice of lifting astronauts in a pressure chamber for medical examination, the device is used to assess the functional state of the cardiorespiratory system and to stop an adverse reaction to hypoxia instead of the traditionally used oxygen supply.

The antihypoxicapa construct can be used to treat chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hypertension, and other chronic diseases. At the same time, hypercapnia becomes the main therapeutic factor, for which the volume of the additional dead space capacity is gradually increased from 500 to 1500 ml.

Literature

1. Zakoshchikov K.F., Katin S.O. Hypoxitherapy - "Mountain air". M., 2005

2. Nenashev A.A., Mishustin Yu.N., Levkin S.F. Kapnikator. Patent of Russia No. 21737334 dated December 27, 2001.

3. Frolov V.F., Kustov E.F. Individual breathing simulator "TDI-01" (Frolov simulator). Patent of Russia No. 1790417 dated September 22, 1992.

Claims (1)

A device for increasing the resistance of the human body to hypoxia when breathing air with a low oxygen content, containing a nozzle, characterized in that it has a removable capacity of additional dead space connected to a single complex, a mouthpiece for breathing through the mouth and a valve tee equipped with an inhalation valve in the inhalation tube and the exhalation valve in the exhalation tube, and the nozzle is made for installation on a valve tee and has a hole for air resistance, the diameter of which and the volume of the removable capacity of the additional dead space is selected individually, while exhaling through the mouthpiece, the capacity of the additional dead space, the exhalation tube of the valve tee and the nozzle create resistance to exhalation, and by inhaling through the inhalation tube of the valve tee, the capacity of the additional dead space and the mouthpiece by inhaling the last portion of the exhaled air support the concentration of carbon dioxide in the alveolar air at a level close to the physiological level.

Images