RU2361262C1 - System for saving energy in energotechnological processes - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics; control.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to energotechnological processes, based on converting energy supplied at the process input into a product at the output. The system contains an automated unit for controlling an object (1), unit for determining energy carrier consumption (2), unit for determining productivity (4), unit for setting up time (5), units for determining instantaneous values of energy carrier consumption (7) and productivity (9), unit for determining instantaneous value of energy consumption (8), unit for determining the parametre characterising the process (6), unit for predicting energy consumption (10) and a decision making unit (11). The system provides for prediction of the instantaneous value energy consumption using results of analysing the time history of energy consumption.

EFFECT: provision for energy saving in energotechnological processes.

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Description

The invention relates to energy-technological processes (ETP), based on the conversion of energy supplied to the input of the process, into products at the output, and can be used to save energy in these processes.

The concept of energy saving is known [Russian Federation. The laws. About energy saving: the federal. law: [adopted by the State. Duma March 13, 1996: approved. Federation Council March 20, 1986: as amended. Federal Law of 05.04.2003 N 42-ФЗ]], in accordance with which energy conservation is the implementation of legal, organizational, scientific, industrial, technical and economic measures aimed at the efficient use of energy resources.

A known system of energy conservation in energy technology processes [Pat. 2212746 Russian Federation, IPC ⁷ H02J 2/06. A way to control and manage energy consumption. / Karpov V.N., Bezzubtseva M.M., Petrov V.F .; applicants St. Petersburg State Agrarian University, Karpov V.N., patent holders St. Petersburg State Agrarian University, Karpov V.N. - No. 20011118101/09; declared 06/29/2001; publ. September 20, 2003] due to the control and management of energy consumption, in which: they break down the entire energy system of the consumer by type of energy into elements (which can be energy-technological processes for obtaining the product, energy lines, nodes of the energy network); install energy meters in front of each element and measure energy on each element; determine the energy intensity of the elements; minimize it by regulating modes or replacing elements.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is its focus on the static mode of the system, the lack of accounting for changes in energy consumption over time, i.e. in dynamics.

The closest technical solution is the energy management system [Pat. 2315324 RF, IPC ⁷ G01R 11/00. Energy Management System. / Lisienko V.G .; patent holder GOU VPO Ural State Technical University - UPI. - No. 2006132144/28; declared 09/06/2006; publ. 01/20/2008.], Including:

management object

blocks for determining energy costs, through energy costs and productivity, while the outputs of the control object are connected to the inputs of the block for determining energy costs, block for determining end-to-end energy costs and block for determining productivity;

blocks for determining increments in energy costs, end-to-end energy costs and productivity;

dynamic energy intensity unit for energy consumption;

dynamic energy intensity unit for end-to-end energy consumption;

a unit for evaluating a control object for energy consumption and a block for evaluating a control object for end-to-end energy consumption;

block monitor-adviser operator;

operator control unit;

set point unit;

an automated object control unit, wherein the output of the timing unit is connected to the inputs of the end-to-end energy cost determination unit, the end-to-end energy consumption determination unit and the performance determination unit, the outputs of the energy carrier cost determination unit, the end-to-end energy consumption determination unit and the performance determination unit are connected to the inputs of the respective increment units, the outputs of the increment of the expenditure of energy and the unit of increment of productivity are connected to the input b dynamic energy intensity lock by energy consumption, outputs of the through energy increment unit and throughput increments are connected to the input of dynamic energy intensity by the energy consumption unit, outputs of dynamic energy intensity by the energy consumption unit, dynamic energy intensity by end energy inputs are connected respectively to the inputs of the control unit for the assessment of energy consumption and a unit for evaluating the control object for end-to-end energy consumption, outputs of units for estimating The control circuits for energy costs and through energy costs are connected to the input of the monitor unit — the operator's adviser, the output of which is connected to the input of the facility's automated control unit.

The disadvantages of the known technical solutions are as follows.

1. The complexity of the technical implementation of the energy management system;

2. For the functioning of the system requires an operator;

3. There is no control over the internal parameters characterizing the course of the process (except for the amount of energy supplied at the input and the quantity of output);

4. The reaction of the system to reduce the energy intensity of the ETP occurs already after this decrease has occurred.

The technical result of the invention is the provision of energy saving in the ETP. This ensures the simplicity of the technical implementation of the system; increasing the degree of autonomy of its functioning; the ability to control internal parameters that determine the course of the process; improving the accuracy of system control by predicting the value of instantaneous energy intensity based on the analysis of previous dynamics of changes in energy intensity.

The specified result is achieved by the fact that the energy saving system in the ETP includes

management object;

automated control unit;

energy flow and product flow;

blocks for determining energy consumption and performance,

wherein the energy carrier flow is the first input of the facility automated control unit, the output of the facility automated control unit is connected to the input of the energy carrier determination unit, the output of the energy carrier consumption determination unit is connected to the input of the control object, the first output of the control facility is connected to the input of the performance determination unit, by the output of the determination unit performance is the flow of products;

the unit of the installer of the moments of time, the output of which is connected to the second inputs of the unit for determining the flow of energy and the unit for determining performance;

blocks for determining the instantaneous values of energy consumption and productivity, while the output of the block for determining the consumption of energy is connected to the input of the block for determining the instantaneous values of the energy carrier, and the output of the block for determining the productivity is connected to the input of the block for determining instantaneous values of productivity;

a unit for determining the instantaneous value of the energy intensity, while the outputs of the unit for determining the instantaneous values of the flow of energy and the unit for determining the instantaneous values of performance are connected to the first and second inputs of the unit for determining the instantaneous value of the energy consumption;

a unit for determining a parameter characterizing the process, while its input is connected to the second output of the control object, and the output is connected to the third input of the unit for determining the instantaneous energy intensity value;

an energy intensity prediction unit, wherein the output of the instant energy intensity determination unit is connected to an input of an energy intensity prediction unit;

a decision making unit, wherein the output of the energy intensity forecast unit is connected to the input of the decision unit, the output of which is connected to the second input of the facility automated control unit.

New significant features is that the system is additionally equipped with units for determining the instantaneous values of energy consumption and productivity, while the output of the unit for determining energy consumption is connected to the input of the unit for determining instantaneous values of energy consumption, and the output of the unit for determining productivity is connected to the input of the unit for determining instantaneous performance values;

a unit for determining the instantaneous value of the energy intensity, while the outputs of the unit for determining the instantaneous values of the flow of energy and the unit for determining the instantaneous values of performance are connected to the first and second inputs of the unit for determining the instantaneous value of the energy consumption;

a unit for determining a parameter characterizing the process, while its input is connected to the second output of the control object, and the output is connected to the third input of the unit for determining the instantaneous energy intensity value;

an energy intensity forecast unit, wherein the output of the instant energy intensity determination unit is connected to an input of an energy intensity forecast unit;

a decision making unit, wherein the output of the energy intensity prediction unit is connected to an input of a decision making unit, the output of which is connected to a second input of an automated object control unit.

The listed new essential features in conjunction with the known ones allow to obtain a technical result in all cases to which the requested amount of legal protection applies.

Figure 1 shows the dependence (in relative units) of the quantity of products P and the energy intensity of the ETF ε on the parameter X characterizing the process, i.e. the functions P _x and ε _x , as well as the dependence of the parameter X on the magnitude of the input energy Q, i.e. function X _Q.

Logistic chain: the amount of energy supplied (Q) is the parameter characterizing the process (X) is the amount of production (P), which is characteristic of many ETPs, especially in agriculture.

An example is the following ETP. In agronomy: the cost of fertilizing (Q) - the concentration of the active element (X) created in the soil - the yield of crops grown (P). In animal husbandry: energy for creating a microclimate (Q) - air temperature in the animal husbandry (X) - animal productivity (P). In light culture: energy for creating a radiation regime in a greenhouse (Q) - irradiation in a greenhouse (X) - yield of irradiated plants (P).

Example 1. For the conditions of photoculture, the numerical values of the energy spent on creating a radiation regime in the greenhouse (Q), the irradiation in the greenhouse (X _Q ) and the corresponding productivity of the irradiated plants (P _x ), presented in Table 1, are determined.

The energy intensity values of ETP irradiation are calculated by the formula

Table 1 A numerical example of EPI indicators for light culture, rel. Q X _Q R _x ε _x 3 10 twenty 0.15 5 twenty 40 0.13 10 thirty fifty 0.20 eighteen 40 35 0.51

According to the presented numerical values, the graphs are plotted as shown in Fig. 1. Analysis of the graphs shows that with an increase in the amount of energy expended, the value of the irradiation increases, which (up to some limits) leads to an increase in the yield of irradiated plants, while the optimum yield corresponds to point “A” (maximum on the curve of the dependence of yield on irradiation P _x ). However, from the point of view of energy consumption, the regime corresponding to point “B” is optimal (the minimum energy intensity of the irradiation process, depending on the irradiation ε _x ). Thus, the task of the energy-saving algorithm for regulating the ETP is to maintain a minimum value of energy intensity at any time.

Figure 2 shows the principle of predicting the energy intensity ε _{i + 1} for the next time moment i + 1 based on the results of at least three measurements of the instantaneous energy intensity: at the two previous times ε _i-2 , ε _i-1 and the current time ε _i . To carry out the forecast, it is necessary to find the function of the dependence of the energy intensity ε on the parameter X at various points in time, i.e. function ε _i . The solution to this problem can be obtained by the least squares method (LSM) by approximating the function ε _i , for example, by a quadratic parabola of the form

where a, b, c are the desired constant coefficients.

Using the obtained equation, a prediction of the energy intensity at the next time is made.

Example 2. The following values of instantaneous energy intensity are presented, presented in table 2.

table 2 A numerical example of instantaneous energy intensity values, rel. units i Indicator Value 0 ε _i-2 eleven one ε _{i + 1} 6 2 ε _i 3

Processing the data of tables by OLS allows us to describe the trend in the energy intensity of a quadratic parabola

ε _i = i ² -6i + 11.

The forecast of the energy intensity at the next time gives the value ε _{i + 1} = 2. This is less than the current value of energy intensity, which means that the minimum energy intensity has not yet been reached and energy costs should be increased.

If the predicted energy intensity at the next time point ε _{i + 1 is} greater than the current energy intensity ε _i , then the minimum energy intensity has been reached and energy consumption should be fixed at the current level.

Figure 3 shows a structural diagram of an energy saving system in energy technology processes. It contains: block automated control of the object 1; unit for determining the flow of energy 2; management object 3; performance determination unit 4; unit of the moment installer 5; a unit for characterizing a process parameter 6; unit for determining the instantaneous values of the flow of energy 7; unit for determining the instantaneous value of energy intensity 8; unit for determining instantaneous performance values 9; energy intensity prediction unit 10; decision block 11, and also includes the flow of energy Q and the flow of products R.

The system operates as follows. At the input of the control object 3, which means any ETP, through the automated control unit of the object 1 and the unit for determining the flow of energy 2 the flow of energy Q is supplied. The result of the ETP is the production of a product, the amount of which in the form of a stream of products P passes through the unit for determining productivity 4. At the output of block 6, the value of the parameter X characterizing the process is formed.

The timing unit 5 with a certain interval (the value of which is determined by the rate of change of the dependences X _Q , P _X and ε _X ) produces time stamps, according to which the amount of energy supplied to the control object changes, and in blocks 7 and 9, instantaneous flow rates are calculated, respectively energy source Q _i and instantaneous values of productivity P _i .

In block 8, the instantaneous value of the energy intensity ε _i is determined at given times at the current value of the parameter X characterizing the process. In block 10, based on the analysis of the dynamics of changes in energy intensity up to the current moment of time, its value ε _{i + 1 is} predicted for the next moment in time. In block 11, a decision is made about the need to change the amount of energy supplied to the control object. The corresponding signal is fed through the unit for automated control of the object 1.

Example 3. The energy saving system is implemented in light culture. The control object (block 3) is the ETP of plant irradiation in the greenhouse. The technical means corresponding to this ETP is an irradiation facility. Electricity Q is supplied to the input of the irradiation installation, through the automated control unit 1 and the energy carrier flow rate determination unit 2. The result of the ETF is the productivity of the irradiated plants P, which is recorded by block 4. At the output of block 6, the value of the process-determining parameter X, the plant irradiation, is formed.

The timing device 5 with a certain interval produces time stamps, in accordance with which the amount of electric energy supplied to the irradiation unit is changed, and in units 7 and 9, the instantaneous values of the electric energy consumption Q _i and the instant values of the plant productivity P _i are calculated.

In block 8, the instantaneous energy intensity is determined at the same time instants at the current irradiation value, i.e. values of the function ε _i at given times.

A numerical example of the instantaneous values of the generated and measured parameters is given in table 3.

Table 3 A numerical example of the instantaneous values of ETF indicators for photoculture, rel. units i Q _i X P _i ε _i 0 10 10 1.7 6 one thirty twenty 10 3 2 60 thirty thirty 2

In block 10, according to the results of the analysis of the dynamics of changes in energy intensity up to the current time, a forecast of its value for the next time is made.

For a numerical example from Table 3, the processing of data by OLS allows us to describe the trend in energy intensity by a quadratic parabola

ε _i = i ² -4i + 6.

The forecast of the energy intensity for the next time gives the value ε _{i + 1} = 3.

In block 11, a decision is made about the need to change the amount of electricity supplied to the irradiation unit.

Since the predicted value of the energy intensity ε _{i + 1} = 3 is greater than the current value of the energy intensity ε _i = 2, the minimum energy intensity is reached and energy consumption should be fixed at the current level.

The corresponding signal is fed through the automated control unit 1.

The use of this system provides energy saving in the electronic circuit with the simplicity of the technical implementation of the system, increasing the degree of autonomy of its functioning, the ability to control the internal parameters determining the process and the accuracy of the system control.

Claims (1)

Energy-saving system in energy-technological processes, including a control object; automated control unit; energy flow and product flow; energy carrier flow rate and productivity determination blocks, wherein the energy carrier flow is the first input of the facility automated control unit, the output of the facility automated control unit is connected to the input of the energy carrier flow determination unit, the output of the energy carrier flow determination unit is connected to the input of the control object, the first output of the control object is connected to the input unit for determining the performance, the output of the unit for determining the performance is the flow produced by oduktsii; a moment setter unit, the output of which is connected to the second inputs of the energy flow rate determination unit and the performance determination unit, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with units for determining the instantaneous energy consumption rate and performance, while the output of the energy consumption determination unit is connected to the input of the instant flow rate determination unit energy source, and the output of the unit for determining the performance is connected to the input of the unit for determining instantaneous values loneliness; a unit for determining the instantaneous value of the energy intensity, while the outputs of the unit for determining the instantaneous values of the flow of energy and the unit for determining the instantaneous values of performance are connected to the first and second inputs of the unit for determining the instantaneous value of the energy consumption; a unit for determining a parameter characterizing the process, while its input is connected to the second output of the control object, and the output is connected to the third input of the unit for determining the instantaneous energy intensity value; an energy intensity forecast unit, wherein the output of the instant energy intensity determination unit is connected to an input of an energy intensity forecast unit; a decision making unit, wherein the output of the energy intensity prediction unit is connected to an input of a decision making unit, the output of which is connected to a second input of an automated object control unit.

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