RU235891U1 - BOILER DOOR - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to housing parts of flow medium heaters, in particular to removable doors of fire-tube boilers, in which water is the coolant. The door of a hot water boiler consists of three steel sheet elements: a front, rear partition and a shell, welded together in such a way that they form a sealed cavity of a round shape. Spacers are located inside the cavity between the front and rear partitions perpendicular to the longitudinal projection. The central part of the cavity is penetrated without breaking the seal by a steel pipe with a flange along its outer edge for connection to the boiler burner. An inspection tube with a protective glass and a nozzle is located above the pipe. The inspection tube allows visually monitoring the fuel combustion process in the combustion chamber, and the nozzle is necessary for maintenance of the combustion chamber. Upper and, respectively, lower bends with flanges for connection to the water circuit of the boiler come out of the shell from above and diametrically from below. The front part of the cavity is closed by a decorative front sheet, and from its lower part there is a branch pipe for draining water in the boiler water circuit. The use of the declared door for a hot water boiler increases the energy efficiency of boiler installations due to a more intensive transfer of excess heat from the door to the boiler water system and ensures safe working conditions when servicing boilers, reducing the temperature of the outer surfaces of the door. 3 s.p. f-ly, 5 ill.

Description

The field of technology to which the utility model relates

The utility model relates to body parts of heaters of the current environment, in particular to removable doors of fire-tube boilers, in which the heat carrier is water.

State of the art

Heating systems play a key role in creating comfort and safety in residential premises, and also allow for the implementation of various technological processes in industry. At the same time, special attention is paid to the energy efficiency of hot water boilers and furnaces, which are the basis of most heating systems. Therefore, the efforts of developers and designers are aimed at reducing heat loss and optimizing fuel consumption to reduce operating costs.

A hot water heating boiler is known, comprising a chamber furnace with a grate, a vertical afterburning chamber consisting of two coaxial shells with a built-in tube convection bundle, a system for cooling the furnace and heating the coolant in it, and a front loading door, characterized in that the furnace cooling system is made in the form of a single- or multi-pass tube grate suspended by means of a branch pipe to the afterburning chamber, while the boiler is additionally equipped with a rear loading device, a flue gas recirculation system with a slot ejector selection, a fuel supply system for low-grade organic fuels and a backup electric heating of the coolant (see patent RU2186302C2, published on 27.07.2002).

A heating boiler is known, made in the form of a cylindrical body equipped with insulation, with a chimney for removing combustion products, a gasification chamber door on the end part and a base, containing a heat exchanger located along the perimeter of the cylindrical wall of the body, an air duct with a jet system for feeding an oxidizer into the gasification chamber, located in the central part of the body, under which a cooling plate is placed, having at least one through hole, and in the lower part of the body - a combustion chamber, located with the formation of a tangential discharge of combustion products from the combustion chamber, in the wall of which a jet ejector with horizontal holes is mounted, wherein the heat exchanger is made in the form of a heat exchange chamber of the coolant and a system of non-flow elements, and the gasification chamber is connected through at least one hole to the heat exchange chamber of the heat exchanger by flow-through jet lines, and then to a pipeline removing the coolant; characterized by the implementation of a combustion chamber with a refractory layer along the perimeter of the surface; characterized by the implementation of a combustion chamber with an explosion-proof valve; characterized by the presence of a pump installed at the inlet of the coolant into the boiler (see patent RU97487U1, published 10.09.2010).

A door is known, primarily for heating furnaces, comprising a door mounted with the possibility of rotation in a frame mounted on the furnace body, a viewing glass, a viewing glass seal mounted between the door and the glass, a glass frame limiting the movement of the glass in the door, a lock with a locking and stop elements, a handle, a door seal located in its peripheral part and interacting with the elements of the body, characterized in that the locking element of the lock is made in the form of a profiled spring, connected by a central part to a handle mounted with the possibility of rotation on the door, one end of the locking element engages with the stop element, and the other rests against the surface of the door, the glass frame is made with the possibility of axial movement in the door frame, wherein its peripheral part interacts through the door seal with the elements of the furnace body, and the central part - with the viewing glass (see patent RU2413135C1, published. 27.02.2011).

A furnace is known that contains at least two furnace muffles that are arranged one above the other and each loading opening of which is closed or is closed by a door, wherein each door forms an internal space with at least one inlet and at least one outlet, wherein at least one inlet of the upper door is arranged in the upper part, and at least one outlet is arranged in the lower part of this door, wherein there is at least one blowing or transport device for sucking in air from outside the furnace and supplying at least a portion of the sucked air at least into the internal space of the upper door through at least one inlet of the door in order to ensure the flow of air, substantially downwards through the internal space of the door and the air outlet through the outlet, characterized in that the inlet of the lower door is arranged in the lower end part of this door, and the outlet is arranged in the upper end part of this door in order to ensure the flow of air entering the internal space the space of the lower door, substantially upwards through the inner space of the door and the outlet to the outside of the air coming out of the inner spaces of the upper door and the lower door. The inner spaces of the two doors have outlet openings associated with them for the outlet of the air coming out of the inner spaces to the front side of the oven. The outlet openings associated with the upper door of the oven and the lower door of the oven are located next to each other to ensure the suction of cooling air into the inner space of the lower door and its passage through the inner space solely due to the Venturi effect acting on the air that is discharged from the inner space of the upper door. The cover of the lower door is made in the form of a curved guide element for directing the air coming out of the inner space of the upper door and/or the air coming out of the inner space of the lower door to the outlet openings. The doors have an outer surface facing outward and an inner surface facing the furnace muffle in the closed position of the door, wherein the space limited by the outer surface and the inner surface, and/or the space limited by the inner surface or the outer surface on one side and an intermediate surface of the door located between the outer surface and the inner surface on the other side, and/or the space limited between two intermediate surfaces located between the inner surface and the outer surface, is formed as the inner space of the door. The furnace doors have an outer surface facing outward and an inner surface facing the furnace muffle in the closed position of the door, wherein the space bounded by the outer surface and the inner surface, and/or the space bounded by the inner surface or the outer surface on one side and an intermediate surface of the door located between the outer surface and the inner surface on the other side, and/or the space bounded between two intermediate surfaces located between the inner surface and the outer surface, is formed as the inner space of the door (see patent RU2546183C2, published 10.04.2015).

Currently, the market offers a wide range of hot water boiler designs equipped with a removable door to provide access to the interior of the boiler for maintenance. A burner is connected through this door, which causes the door parts to heat up. The following models of hot water boilers belong to such designs: Viessmann Vitoplex 300 (see https://domion.su/otoplenie/kotly-s-naduvnoj-gorelkoj/nizkotemperaturnyj-vodogrejnyj-kotel-vitoplex-300, accessed on 07.05.2025), Teplo (see https://zzbo.ru/product/dizelnyj-kotyol-vodogrejnyj-kva-2-0/, accessed on 07.05.2025), Vecoster 300 (see https://kzko-gaz.ru/catalog/dvukhkhodovoy-vodogreynyy-kotel-vecoster-wd-3007965.html, accessed on 07.05.2025), Temron WL 3000 (see https://temron.ru/catalog/temron-wl/vodogreynye-kotly-nizkogo-davleniya-temron-wl-3000/, accessed 07.05.2025), STM- ENERGY (see https://kotelnie.com/products/kotlyi/vodogreynyie-kotlyi/vodogreynyiy-kotel-stm-energy-175-kva-0-175-g-lzh.html#?utm_source=google&utm_medium=org, accessed 07.05.2025), Ellprex 1850 (see https://rosprommash.com/products/vodogreynyy-kotel-unical-ellprex-1850, accessed 07.05.2025), Unical Modal (see https://www.store.tgv.ru/upload/iblock/b28/b28cfa56b66232dd1c213f721af6243e.pdf, accessed 05/07/2025).

The disadvantage of the described designs is the lack of technical ability to eliminate the loss of thermal energy through heating of the door during boiler operation.

A well-known analogue with the closest set of essential features and singled out by the authors as a prototype is the PREMIUM C-2000 hot water boiler, which contains a front door with hinges, consisting of a container filled with heat-insulating basalt fiber, the central part of which is penetrated by a steel pipe with a flange along its outer edge, above which an inspection tube with a protective glass is placed (see https://kotelpremium.ru/katalog/vodogrejnye-kotly/premium-c/c-2000, accessed 05/07/2025).

The use of the prototype allows for increased safety of maintenance and operation of the hot water boiler due to the presence of a heat-insulating layer of basalt fiber in its design. However, during boiler operation, heat energy losses occur, as the door parts are exposed to high temperatures generated by the burner.

Disclosure of the essence of the utility model

The technical problem in existing similar devices is the occurrence of heat loss from the outer surfaces of the door during the operation of hot water boilers. Heat loss occurs because the burner is directly attached to this door, so during its operation the door parts are exposed to maximum temperatures. The described heat loss reduces the efficiency of hot water boilers.

The technical result achieved by the claimed utility model consists in increasing the efficiency of the hot water boiler by transferring excess thermal energy from the parts of the door heated during operation of the boiler. In this case, the heated water circulates inside the cavity: it enters through the lower outlet and flows into the boiler water circuit through the upper outlet of the door cavity. In this case, the water, being in the internal volume of the cavity, contacts the steel spacers between the front and rear partitions of the cavity, which accumulate thermal energy during operation of the boiler due to the transfer of heat from the heated metal parts of the door. Thus, the physical process of heat transfer of excess thermal energy from the door parts heated during operation to the boiler water circuit is intensified, and the temperature of the outer surfaces of the door parts is reduced.

The technical result is achieved by means of a hot water boiler door consisting of a cavity with hinges formed by a shell, front and rear partitions, the central part of which is penetrated by a steel pipe with a flange along its outer edge, above which an inspection tube with a protective glass is placed, characterized in that the cavity is made hermetic and in its shell, from above and diametrically from below, the upper and, accordingly, lower bends with flanges come out, while inside the cavity between the front and rear partitions, perpendicular to the longitudinal projection, spacers made of a steel strip are located; the inspection tube with a protective glass is provided with a nipple; the front part of the cavity is covered with a front decorative sheet; a coupling comes out of the lower part of the front part of the cavity.

The use of the declared door for a hot water boiler increases the energy efficiency of boiler installations due to a more intensive transfer of excess heat from the door to the boiler's water system. In addition, this ensures safe working conditions when servicing boilers, since the temperature of the outer surfaces of the door decreases.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1 shows the front view of the claimed hot water boiler door.

Fig. 2 illustrates a local view of the inspection tube of the claimed hot water boiler door.

Fig. 3 shows a profile view of the claimed hot water boiler door.

Fig. 4 illustrates a longitudinal section of the claimed hot water boiler door.

Fig. 5 shows a rear view of the claimed hot water boiler door.

The following details are indicated on the figures:

1 – anterior partition;

2 – posterior partition;

3 – shell;

4 – cavity;

5 – spacer;

6 – burner pipe;

7 – pipe flange;

8 – viewing tube;

9 – protective glass;

10 – nipple;

11 – upper outlet of the cavity;

12 – lower cavity outlet;

13 – branch flange;

14 – front sheet;

15 – coupling;

16 – loop.

Implementation of a utility model

The door of the hot water boiler consists of three steel sheet elements: the front 1, rear 2 partitions and the shell 3, welded together in such a way that they form a sealed cavity 4 of a round shape. Inside the cavity 4, between the front 1 and rear 2 partitions, perpendicular to the longitudinal projection, spacers 5 are located, cut from a steel strip. The central part of the cavity 4 is penetrated without breaking the seal by a steel pipe 6 with a flange 7 along its outer edge for connecting to the boiler burner (not shown in the figure). Above the pipe 6, an inspection tube 8 with a protective glass 9 and a fitting 10 is placed. The inspection tube 8 allows visually monitoring the fuel combustion process in the combustion chamber (not shown in the figure), and the fitting 10 is necessary for technical maintenance of the combustion chamber. From the top and diametrically from the bottom of the shell 3, the upper 11 and, respectively, the lower 12 branches with flanges 13 for connection to the boiler water circuit (not shown in the figure) come out. The front part of the cavity 4 is closed by a decorative front sheet 14, and from its lower part a coupling 15 comes out for draining water in the boiler water circuit.

The door of the hot water boiler is made in the form of a separate unit, all parts of which are connected and assembled using standard technological or assembly operations, and is equipped with hinges 16 for fastening to the body of the hot water boiler (not shown in the figure).

The door of the hot water boiler is used as follows. During the installation of the hot water boiler or after its cleaning and maintenance, the stated door is mounted using hinges 16 on the body of the hot water boiler, which mainly belongs to the class of fire-tube boilers, the coolant in which is water. The upper 11 and lower 12 outlets of the cavity are connected to the water circuit of the boiler with flanges 13 and provide its supply with water. Then the front part of the cavity 4 is closed with a decorative front sheet 14. A burner is mounted to flange 7 of pipe 6. Burner ignition and automatic maintenance of the fuel combustion process are performed using standard methods. The combustion process is monitored through inspection tube 8 with protective glass 9. When heated, water begins to circulate along the water circuit of the boiler due to natural convection. More heated water, due to a decrease in its density, rises upward through the upper outlet 11 of cavity 4 into the water circuit of the boiler. The displaced volume is occupied by less heated water, entering through the lower outlet 12 and filling the internal volume of the cavity 4. In this case, the water, being in the internal volume of the cavity 4, contacts the steel spacers 5 between the front 1 and rear 2 partitions of the cavity 4, which, during boiler operation, accumulate the generated thermal energy from the process of fuel combustion and heat transfer from the metal parts of the door. The contact of water with the heated spacers 5 increases its temperature, due to which it is displaced into the water circuit of the boiler. Thus, the physical process of heat transfer of excess thermal energy into the water circuit of the boiler is intensified, and the temperature of the external surfaces of the door parts does not rise to critical values. In addition, the thermal efficiency increases due to the reduction of heat loss for heating the door parts.

The nipple 10 allows performing preventive maintenance operations on the boiler. If it is necessary to perform repair work on the boiler, the nipple 15 is used. Its opening allows creating a low vacuum in the boiler and performing urgent repairs without a long decommissioning of the boiler, for example, in the winter.

The essence of the claimed utility model as a technical solution related to the device is expressed in the totality of the following essential features, sufficient to obtain the claimed technical result:

– the cavity is sealed, which allows it to be connected to the boiler’s water circuit without leaks;

– in the shell of the cavity, at the top and diametrically at the bottom, there are upper and, respectively, lower branches with flanges for hermetically sealed connection to the boiler water circuit;

– inside the cavity between the front and rear partitions, perpendicular to the longitudinal projection, there are spacers made of steel strips, which are additional conductors of heat from the metal parts of the door to the water inside the boiler’s water circuit.

The use of the declared door for a hot water boiler increases the energy efficiency of boiler installations due to a more intensive transfer of excess heat from the door to the boiler's water system. In addition, this ensures safe working conditions when servicing boilers, since the temperature of the outer surfaces of the door decreases.

Claims (4)

1. A door of a hot water boiler consisting of a cavity with hinges formed by a shell, front and rear partitions, the central part of which is penetrated by a steel pipe with a flange along its outer edge, above which an inspection tube with a protective glass is placed, characterized in that the cavity is made hermetic and in its shell, from above and diametrically from below, the upper and, accordingly, lower branches with flanges come out, while inside the cavity between the front and rear partitions, spacers made of a steel strip are located perpendicular to the longitudinal projection. 2. The door of a hot water boiler according to item 1, characterized in that the inspection tube with a protective glass is equipped with a fitting. 3. The door of a hot water boiler according to item 1, characterized in that the front part of the cavity is covered with a front decorative sheet. 4. The door of a hot water boiler according to item 1, characterized in that a spigot emerges from the lower part of the front part of the cavity.