RU222397U1 - Hydropneumatic motor - Google Patents

Abstract

The proposed utility model relates to hydraulic automation devices that operate using the energy of water flow, and can be used in hydraulic systems in the form of a reciprocating rod motion generator and, in particular, in agriculture for the mechanization of irrigation of agricultural crops using irrigation units that carry out irrigation , the working element of which moves across the field by means of a winding device drive. The purpose of the proposed utility model is to increase the reliability and efficiency of a hydraulic pneumatic motor by ensuring its operation in a neutral safe environment (in air) and reducing the size of its components. This goal is achieved by the fact that in a hydraulic pneumatic motor, including a double-acting pneumatic cylinder 1 with a sub-piston 2 and supra-piston 3 cavities and a rod 4, a valve 11 with a bypass hydraulic channel 13 with an ejector 14 installed on the pressure pipeline 12, pneumatic communication channels 39, 41, 44 . at the bottom, installed at the output of the ejector 14, the input 16, the output 17, 18 and the discharge 19, 20 channels of the pneumatic distributor are connected by 10 pneumatic communication channels, respectively, to the output channel 38 of the float mechanism 34, with the supra-piston 2 and sub-piston 2 cavities through a parallel installed check valve and an adjustable throttle and with the ejector 14 through a spring-loaded check valve 42, the ejector is also connected to the atmosphere through a check valve 43, while by means of a pneumatic distributor 10, the sub-piston 2 and supra-piston 3 cavities of the pneumatic cylinder 1 have the ability to alternately connect with the ejector 14 and the water-air tank 33. Application of the proposed utility models in agriculture will increase the reliability and efficiency of crop irrigation systems and agricultural production. 7 ill.

Description

The proposed utility model relates to hydraulic automation devices that operate using the energy of water flow, and can be used in hydraulic systems in the form of a reciprocating rod motion generator and, in particular, in agriculture for the mechanization of irrigation of agricultural crops using irrigation units that carry out irrigation , the working element of which moves across the field by means of a winding device drive.

A known hydraulic motor includes a double-acting hydraulic cylinder with a rod, a hydraulically actuated valve installed on a pressure pipeline, and a distributor kinematically connected to the hydraulic cylinder rod and hydraulically connected to the pressure pipeline, the sub-piston cavity of the hydraulic cylinder and the working cavity of the hydraulic actuator of the valve, wherein the valve is made adjustable and equipped with a bypass hydraulic channel with an ejector, through a distributor, the sub-piston cavity has the possibility of alternately connecting with the pressure pipeline to the valve and the ejector, and the working cavity of the hydraulic drive is connected to the pressure pipeline to the valve through an adjustable throttle and has the ability to communicate with the ejector, a communication channel communicating the distributor with the sub-piston cavity hydraulic cylinder, equipped with a parallel installed check valve and an adjustable throttle [RF PATENT No. 2330177, cl. F03C 1/00, A01G 25/00 from 07/27/2008 Bulletin. No. 2].

The disadvantage of this hydraulic motor is its low reliability due to the operation of its elements in an aggressive environment (irrigation water can be enriched with fertilizers and microelements). The above-piston cavity 3 of the hydraulic cylinder 1 is under constant high water pressure in the pressure pipeline up to the valve 11, which reduces the efficiency of the hydraulic motor. The distributor 10 has low reliability due to the large stroke of the rod 22 and the direct interaction of the pistons-valves 23 and 24 with the radial hydraulic channels in the housing 16. A method for ensuring alternate opening and closing of the radial hydraulic channels in the housing 16 by sliding the pistons-valves 23 and 24 in Irrigation water with possible solid particles leads to rapid wear of distributor parts and a decrease in its performance.

The closest technical solution is a hydraulic motor, including a double-acting hydraulic cylinder with a rod, a valve with a hydraulic drive and a hydraulic bypass channel with an ejector installed on a pressure pipeline, and a distributor kinematically connected to the hydraulic cylinder rod through a switch and hydraulically connected to the pressure pipeline, the sub-piston cavity of the hydraulic cylinder and working cavity of the hydraulic drive of the valve, the valve is equipped with a control bolt, and its working cavity is connected to the distributor and the supra-piston cavity of the hydraulic cylinder, while through the distributor the sub-piston and supra-piston cavities of the hydraulic cylinder have the ability to alternately connect with the ejector and the pressure pipeline to the valve, the distributor is made in the form of a hollow body with radial channels and an axial hole in the center, a hollow rod with two identical valves and holes, installed in the body and limited in the course by means of end caps with axial holes of small and large diameters, while the holes on the rod are made on the outer sides of the valves, and the diameter of the axial hole the housing is made smaller than the diameter of the valves and larger than the diameter of the large hole in the end caps [RF PATENT No. 2674110, cl. F03C 1/00, A01G 25/00 dated 12/04/2018 Bulletin. No. 34 (Prototype)].

The disadvantage of this hydraulic motor is its low reliability due to its operation in the aggressive environment of irrigation water, the large size of the hydraulic distributor and hydraulic communication channels and their connection units.

The purpose of the proposed utility model is to increase the reliability and efficiency of a hydraulic pneumatic motor by ensuring its operation in a neutral safe environment (in air) and reducing the size of its components.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in a hydraulic pneumatic motor, including a double-acting pneumatic cylinder with sub-piston and supra-piston cavities and a rod, a valve with a bypass hydraulic channel with an ejector installed on the pressure pipeline, communication channels and a pneumatic distributor, kinematically connected to the pneumatic cylinder rod through a switch and pneumatically - with sub-piston and supra-piston cavities and an ejector, the bypass hydraulic channel is made with a water-air tank with a float mechanism at the top and an air separator from water at the bottom, installed at the ejector outlet, the input, output and discharge channels of the pneumatic distributor are connected by pneumatic communication channels, respectively, to the output channel of the float mechanism, to the supra-piston and sub-piston cavities through a parallel installed check valve and an adjustable throttle and with an ejector through a spring-loaded check valve, the ejector is also connected to the atmosphere through a check valve, and by means of a pneumatic distributor, the sub-piston and supra-piston cavities of the pneumatic cylinder have the ability to alternately connect with the ejector and the water-air tank.

The essence of the proposed utility model is shown in the figures, where in FIG. 1 - general view of the hydraulic pneumatic motor, Fig. 2 is a general view of a hydraulic pneumatic motor with a partial section of its components; FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional design diagram of a water-air tank with a float mechanism and an air separator from water, FIG. 4 - general view of the pneumatic distributor, Fig. 5 - structural diagram of the pneumatic distributor in the right position of its rod, in Fig. 6 - structural diagram of the pneumatic distributor in the left position of its rod and in FIG. 7 - general view of the hydraulic pneumatic motor in operation.

The hydraulic pneumatic motor consists of a pneumatic cylinder 1 with a sub-piston 2 and a supra-piston 3 cavities, a rod 4 with stops 5, 6, 7, a switch 8 with a spring 9, a pneumatic distributor 10 and a valve 11 installed on the pressure pipeline 12 and equipped with a bypass hydraulic channel 13 with an ejector 14 ( Fig. 1 and 2).

The pneumatic distributor 10 includes a hollow body 15 with radial inlet 16, outlet 17, 18, discharge 19, 20 channels and an axial hole 21 in the center, a rod 22 with small diameter sections 23, 24 and main diameter sections 25 and 26, installed in the housing 15 and limited in travel by means of travel limiter 27 and heel 28 (Fig. 4, 5 and 6). The pneumatic cylinder 1 is hinged to a fixed support 29 and has a fixed bracket 30, on which a switch 8 and a pneumatic distributor 10 are rigidly fixed by means of mounting bolts 31, 32. The pneumatic distributor 10 is kinematically connected to the rod 4 of the pneumatic cylinder 1 by means of a heel 28 and a switch 8. Bypass hydraulic channel 13 made with a water-air tank 33 with a float mechanism 34 at the top and an air-water separator 35 with a reflector 36 at the bottom, installed at the outlet of the ejector 14 (Fig. 3). The float mechanism 34 contains a float 37 and an output channel 38 connected to the input channel 16 of the pneumatic distributor 10 through a pneumatic communication channel 39 with a valve 40. The ejector 14 is simultaneously connected to the discharge channels 19 and 20 through a pneumatic communication channel 41 with a spring-loaded check valve 42 and with the atmosphere through a check valve 43. The sub-piston cavity 2 of the pneumatic cylinder 1 is connected to the output channel 17 of the pneumatic distributor 10 through a pneumatic communication channel 44 with an adjustable throttle 45 and check valve 46 installed in parallel. The supra-piston cavity 3 of the pneumatic cylinder 1 is connected to the output channel 18 of the pneumatic distributor 10 through a pneumatic communication channel 47 with parallel installed adjustable throttle 48 and check valve 49. Bypass hydraulic channel 13 has inlet 50 and outlet 51 valves. Output channels 17 and 18 have the possibility of alternate connection with the water-air tank 33 and with the ejector 14 (Fig. 2). The arrows in the drawing (Fig. 7) show the direction of water movement in the hydraulic pneumatic motor.

The rod 22 is installed in the hole 21 of the housing 15 in a sliding fit through sections of the main diameters 25 and 26, which eliminates the imbalance of the action of internal forces on the rod 22 and provides it with two stable positions (extreme left and extreme right).

To operate the hydropneumatic motor, it is necessary to fully open the inlet 50 and outlet 51 valves, and close the valve 11 so that the ejector 14 begins to suck air from the atmosphere through the check valve 43 and feed it into the water-air tank 33 through the air separator 35 with a reflector 36.

The hydropneumatic motor operates as follows.

Water from the pressure pipeline 12 to the valve 11, passing mainly through it and partially through the bypass hydraulic channel 13 with the ejector 14 and the water-air tank 33, enters the pressure pipeline after the valve 11 and further to the consumer. When a small part of the water passes through the bypass hydraulic channel 13, the ejector 14 sucks air from the atmosphere through the check valve 43 and, together with water, supplies it to the water-air tank 33 through the air separator 35 with a reflector 36. The reflector 36 directs the water and air downwards, due to which the air is separated from the water and rises upward, accumulating and compressing in the upper part of the water-air tank 33, and water through the bypass hydraulic channel 13 and the outlet valve 51 enters the pressure pipeline 12 after the valve 11. During the initial period of starting the hydraulic pneumatic motor into operation, the water level in the water-air tank 33 rapidly rises upward, displacing the air from it, interacts with the float 37 and closes the outlet channel 38. The accumulation and compression of air begins in the upper part of the water-air tank 33 and the water level in it slowly decreases. With a certain decrease in the water level in the water-air tank 33, the float 37, under the influence of its weight, falls down and opens the flow area of the output channel 38. Compressed air from the water-air tank 33 through the output channel 38, valve 40 and pneumatic communication channel 39 flows to the pneumatic distributor 10, then through pneumatic communication channels 44, 47 are supplied to the pneumatic cylinder 1, and through the pneumatic communication channel 41 with a spring-loaded check valve 42 and the ejector 14 with an air separator 35 flows back into the water-air tank 33, causing the rod 4 to reciprocate with a certain cycle frequency (Fig. 7).

This happens as follows.

In the position when the rod 4 occupies the extreme left position (the beginning of the cycle of reciprocating movement of the rod 4) (Fig. 2 and 7), the spring 9 of the switch 8, through the heel 28, brings the rod 22 of the pneumatic distributor 10 to the extreme right stable position, until the stroke limiter touches 27 to housing 15 (Fig. 4 and 5). In this case, since the float 37 is in the lower position under its own weight, compressed air from the water-air tank 33 through the output channel 38, valve 40, pneumatic communication channel 39, input 16 and output 17 channels, and pneumatic communication channel 44 with an adjustable throttle 45 and the check valve 46 enters the sub-piston cavity 2, and the ejector 14 sucks air from the supra-piston cavity 3 through a pneumatic communication channel 47 with an adjustable throttle 48 and a check valve 49, an output 18 and a discharge 19 channels, a pneumatic communication channel 41 with a spring-loaded check valve 42 and through the air separator 35 it flows back into the water-air tank 33, creating a reduced air pressure in the supra-piston cavity 3. Due to the difference in air pressure on the piston from the supra-piston 2 and sub-piston 3 cavities, the rod 4 begins to move from the extreme left position to the extreme right position at a speed determined by an adjustable throttle 45. At the end of the stroke of the rod 4, the stop 7, interacting with the switch 8, rigidly fixed by means of mounting bolts 31, 32 on a fixed bracket 30, moves the rod 22 of the pneumatic distributor 10 with sections of small diameter 23, 24 and sections of the main diameter 25, 26 to the extreme left position (Fig. 6), until the heel 28 touches the body 15. The sub-piston cavity 2 communicates with the ejector 14 through a pneumatic communication channel 44 with an adjustable throttle 45 and a check valve 46, an outlet channel 17 and a discharge channel 20, a pneumatic communication channel 41 with a spring-loaded check valve 42. Over-piston cavity 3 communicates with the water-air tank 33 through a pneumatic communication channel 47 with an adjustable throttle 48 and a check valve 49, inlet 18 and discharge 19 channels, a pneumatic communication channel 39 with a valve 40 and an output channel 38 of the float mechanism 34, since the float 36 is under the influence of its weight is in the lower position and does not close the outlet channel 38. Air is sucked out from the sub-piston cavity 2 by the ejector 14 and supplied through the air separator 35 into the water-air tank 33 and compressed air enters from the water-air tank 33 into the supra-piston cavity 3, resulting in the sub-piston cavity 2, the air pressure decreases (maybe to a vacuum), and in the above-piston cavity 3 increases to the pressure of compressed air in the water-air tank 33. Due to the difference in air pressure on the piston on both sides, the rod 4 begins to move from the extreme right position to the extreme left position at a speed determined by means of an adjustable throttle 48. At the end of the stroke of the rod 4, the stop 6, interacting with the switch 8, moves the rod 22 of the pneumatic distributor 10 to the extreme right position (Fig. 5), until the travel stop 27 touches the body 15 (end of the cycle of reciprocating movement of the rod 4).

Then the cycles are repeated, the rod 4 makes a reciprocating movement and, interacting with the emphasis 5 on any known transforming mechanisms, it can perform useful work, in particular, for introducing liquid fertilizers or microelements into a pressure pipeline under pressure, in irrigation units it can wind a flexible pipeline onto a drum with a working body at the end and water in motion.

The float mechanism 34 and the spring-loaded check valve 42 eliminate the possibility of water (can be aggressive) from the pressure pipeline 12 entering the cavities of the pneumatic communication channels, pneumatic distributor and pneumatic cylinder, ensuring their operation in a neutral environment (in clean air) and thereby increasing their service life and increase operational reliability. The check valve 43 ensures the replenishment of compressed air in the water-air tank 33 through the ejector 14 in cases of air loss. Cranes 50, 51 and 40 are designed to carry out maintenance work on the hydraulic pneumatic motor.

Thus, due to the implementation of a bypass hydraulic channel 13 with a water-air tank 33 with a float mechanism 34 at the top and an air-water separator 35 at the bottom, installed at the outlet of the ejector 14, simultaneously connecting the ejector 14 with the discharge channels 19, 20 through the communication channel 41 with a spring-loaded check valve 42 and with the atmosphere check valve 43, the possibility of replacing the hydraulic distributor and hydraulic cylinder with a pneumatic distributor and pneumatic cylinder, as well as replacing the hydraulic communication channels of the hydraulic distributor and hydraulic cylinder with pneumatic communication channels of the pneumatic distributor and pneumatic cylinder, was achieved in comparison with the analogue and prototype, which made it possible to increase the reliability and efficiency of the hydraulic pneumatic motor by ensuring its operation not on water (water in pressure pipe 12 can be aggressive), but on a neutral environment (clean air). The transition from water to air for engine operation made it possible to sharply reduce the dimensions of the pneumatic distributor and the flow sections of the pneumatic communication channels, the dimensions of the flow sections of which turned out to be an order of magnitude smaller than the dimensions of the hydraulic communication channels of the prototype. The float mechanism 34 and the spring-loaded check valve 42 eliminate the possibility of water from the pressure pipeline 12 entering the cavities of some of the main elements of the hydraulic pneumatic motor.

In 2023, in the workshops of the Federal State Budgetary Institution All-Russian Research Institute "Raduga", an experimental model of a hydraulic pneumatic motor was manufactured. Laboratory tests have shown its performance and high reliability. With a diameter of the pneumatic cylinder piston of 120 mm, a rod of 4-16 mm and a rod 22 of the pneumatic distributor of 10-7 mm, the hydraulic pneumatic motor operated stably in the range of pressure changes in the pressure pipeline 12 from 0.25...0.65 MPa. To manufacture the experimental sample, the following were used: pressure pipes 1.1/2'', a water-air tank with a volume of 19 liters, an ejector 1'' and tubes of pneumatic communication channels 39, 41, 44 and 47 only from PVC 3, without reducing the speed of hydraulic cylinder 1.

The application of the proposed utility model in agriculture will increase the reliability and efficiency of crop irrigation systems and agricultural production.

Claims (1)

A hydraulic pneumatic motor including a double-acting pneumatic cylinder with a sub-piston and supra-piston cavities and a rod, a valve with a hydraulic bypass channel with an ejector installed on the pressure pipeline, communication channels and a pneumatic distributor kinematically connected to the pneumatic cylinder rod through a switch and pneumatically connected to the sub-piston and supra-piston cavities and the ejector, characterized in that the bypass hydraulic channel is made with a water-air tank with a float mechanism at the top and an air separator from water at the bottom, installed at the ejector outlet, the input, output and discharge channels of the pneumatic distributor are connected by pneumatic communication channels, respectively, to the output channel of the float mechanism, with the supra-piston and sub-piston cavities through a parallel installed check valve and an adjustable throttle and with the ejector through a spring-loaded check valve, the ejector is also connected to the atmosphere through a check valve, while by means of a pneumatic distributor, the sub-piston and supra-piston cavities of the pneumatic cylinder have the ability to alternately connect with the ejector and the water-air tank.