RU221639U1 - Hopper car - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to transport and concerns the design of a railway self-unloading freight hopper car. A hopper car containing a body (1), including a frame (2), side walls (3) and end walls (4), bins (5) with covers (6) of unloading hatches, an unloading mechanism (7). The unloading mechanism (7) includes a pneumatic cylinder (8), a drive shaft (9) with a main lever (11) and a double-arm lever (13), a drive lever (14), and rods (18, 19). The drive lever (14) transmits the force from the pneumatic cylinder (8) to the drive shaft (9). The rods (18, 19) are pivotally connected to the double-arm lever (13) and the hatch covers (6). Stops (21) are installed on the outer side of the hatch covers (6). On the body (1), on the places where the stops (21) contact, when the hatch covers are open, counter-stops (26) are installed. The claimed utility model makes it possible to create a hopper car design that provides increased operational reliability. 5 salary f-ly, 6 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to railway transport and concerns the design of a hopper car.

The design of a hopper car is known from the prior art [RF patent for utility model No. 67942, published on November 10, 2007], containing a body mounted on the chassis and representing a frame with a frame installed on it, consisting of side and end walls, unloading bins with lids that open outwards. The hopper car also contains an unloading mechanism, including a pneumatic cylinder, a drive shaft, levers and rods connected to the hopper lids. The hopper covers are equipped with reinforcing plates installed under the axles for the lever of the unloading mechanism, while the axle is rigidly fixed from the inside to the stiffener of the side frame of the hopper.

The disadvantage of the above-described design is the absence of elements limiting the stroke of the piston in the pneumatic cylinder at the moment of uncontrolled operation of the unloading mechanism into the open position when unloading the car. When unloading the car, if the unloading mechanism is not configured or is faulty, which leads to impacts of the piston on the cover of the pneumatic cylinder.

Also known from the prior art is the design of a hopper car for transporting dry coke model 22-4070 produced
OJSC "Dneprovagonmash", containing two mirror-like unloading mechanisms, each of which consists of a double-acting pneumatic cylinder hinged to the frame, a drive shaft mounted in bearings on the car frame, a system of levers connecting the shaft with the unloading pneumatic cylinder, double-armed levers located at both ends of the shaft , two unloading hatch covers and rods connecting the double-arm levers to the hatch cover trunnions.

This design was chosen as a prototype for the proposed utility model.

A significant drawback of the above-described design is also the absence of elements limiting the stroke of the piston in the pneumatic cylinder at the moment of uncontrolled operation of the unloading mechanism into the open position when unloading the car, if the unloading mechanism is not configured or is faulty, which leads to impacts of the piston on the cover of the pneumatic cylinder, an increase in the load on the axles, rods and lever system, increasing the wear of elements and, ultimately, failure of these elements and the hopper car unloading mechanism as a whole.

The task to be solved by the claimed utility model is the creation of a hopper car design that makes it possible to improve the reliability indicators of both the unloading mechanism and the hopper car as a whole.

The technical result from the use of the proposed utility model is to increase the operational reliability of the hopper car design.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that the hopper car contains in its design hatch covers equipped with stops on their outer side, and also contains a body on the elements of which counter-stops are installed, located in the places where the stops contact when the hatch covers are open. The use of these stops and counter-stops in the design of the hopper car makes it possible to limit the permissible opening angle of the hatch covers, as well as the displacement of the elements of the unloading mechanism, thereby eliminating the possibility of the pneumatic cylinder piston hitting the pneumatic cylinder cover during uncontrolled operation of the unloading mechanism in the open position when it is not operating correctly. or malfunction. Also, the use of the proposed design of a hopper car using stops and counter-stops eliminates the possibility of critical stress unloading mechanisms occurring in the rods, levers and hinge joints as a result of the piston hitting the pneumatic cylinder cover, thereby reducing the possibility of defects such as deformations occurring in these elements, cracks and fractures, thereby increasing the operational reliability of both the unloading mechanism and the hopper car as a whole.

The installation of at least two stops on each hatch cover will more evenly distribute the loads from the covers’ own weight and the load from the spilling cargo acting on the inner surface of the hatch covers, occurring in places where the stops and counter-supports are secured at the moment of their interaction with each other, thereby reducing the likelihood of critical accidents occurring. stresses that can lead to fractures or bends of hatch covers, and increasing the reliability of the structure.

The fastening of stops to the frame elements of hatch covers, in contrast to fastening to the skin of hatch covers, is due to their rigidity and allows the installation of stops without reinforcing the place of their fastening with additional plates or other elements that increase the rigidity, but at the same time the weight of the structure.

The fastening of the counter-supports to the lower trim of the side wall is due to the high rigidity of this element, which allows it to absorb loads transmitted from the support to the counter-support without deforming, and is also due to the closest location of the bottom trim to the axis of rotation of the hatch cover.

Installation and fastening of stops along the entire height of the hatch cover frame increases the rigidity of the hatch covers, provides a more uniform distribution of loads along the hatch cover frame, without the formation of stress concentrators, thereby reducing the likelihood of hatch cover deformations when cargo is dumped.

The essence of the claimed utility model is that the hopper car contains a body, which is a frame with a frame installed on it, consisting of side and end walls, bins with unloading hatch covers, an unloading mechanism, including a pneumatic cylinder, a drive shaft, with installed on it with a stopper, main and double-arm levers, a drive lever that transmits force from the pneumatic cylinder to the drive shaft, a locking device pivotally attached to the frame of the hopper car and to the cylinder body and interacting through a protrusion with the drive shaft stopper, rods pivotally connected to the double-arm lever and hatch covers, while stops are installed on the outside of the hatch covers, and counter-stops are installed on the body, located in the places where the stops fit when the hatch covers are open.

Each hatch cover contains at least two stops, each stop is fixed to a frame element of the hatch cover, and the counter stops are fixed to the lower frame of the side wall of the hopper car.

It is possible to install and secure stops along the entire height of the hatch cover frame.

The essence of the claimed utility model is illustrated by drawings:

Fig. 1 – Body of a hopper car with an unloading mechanism;

Fig. 2 – View A;

Fig. 3 – Section B-B;

Fig. 4 – Mechanism for unloading the hopper car;

Fig. 5 – Section B-B;

Fig. 6 – Stop.

An example of the implementation of the proposed technical solution is the design of a hopper car shown in Fig. 16.

A hopper car for the transportation of bulk cargo that does not require protection from precipitation contains a body 1, which consists of a frame 2 with a frame installed on it, including side walls 3, end walls 4, bins 5 with covers 6 unloading hatches that open outward and are hinged through the brackets on the bottom trim 20 side walls 3.

The hopper car also contains an unloading mechanism 7, which contains a double-acting pneumatic cylinder 8, hinged to the frame 2 of the hopper car through a bracket. Contains a drive shaft 9 installed in support bearings 10 mounted on the frame 2 of the hopper car. Mounted on the drive shaft 9 are the main lever 11, the stopper 12, and the double-arm lever 13. The unloading mechanism also contains a drive lever 14, one end of which is hinged to the frame 2 of the hopper car, the middle part is pivotally connected to the head of the rod 15 of the pneumatic cylinder 8, and the second the end is pivotally connected by the first end of the rocker arm 16, which in turn is pivotally connected by the opposite end to the main lever 11. Contains a locking device 17, which is pivotally connected to the frame 2 of the hopper car, the body of the pneumatic cylinder 8 and the protrusion that engages with the stopper 12 of the drive shaft 9. In addition, it contains curved rods 18 and 19, each of which has a hinge connection with a double-arm lever 13 and the corresponding hatch cover 6 of the hopper car.

The covers of 6 unloading hatches are made by means of a frame made of horizontal and vertical beams, on which the casing is fixed on the inside. Each cover 6 contains two stops 21, each of which is fixed by welding to its upper horizontal frame beam. The stop 21 is a welded box-shaped structure consisting of ribs 22, plates 23, 24 and a thickened support plate 25.

On the lower trim 20 of the side walls 3 of the body 1, in the places where the stops 21 contact, with the hatch covers open, counter-stops 26, which are metal bars, are installed by welding.

The work of the presented design:

When the hopper car is loaded, if there are malfunctions in the operation of the unloading mechanism 7, such as a gap between the tooth of the locking device 17 and the tooth of the stopper 12, or a break or crack in the brackets for fastening the elements of the unloading mechanism 7, the hatch covers 6 begin to open spontaneously under the pressure of the load. Spontaneous opening of the covers 6 leads to a displacement of the rods 18 and 19, rotation of the double-armed lever 13, the drive shaft 9 and the main lever 11, which, through the rocker arm 16, pulls the drive lever 14 and, connected to it, the rod 15 of the pneumatic cylinder 8, connected with a piston. When the covers 6 are opened at an angle equal to 36°, the stops 21 installed on the covers 6 and the counter stops 26 installed on the lower trim 20 of the side wall 3 meet with their mating surfaces, blocking further spontaneous opening of the covers 6 and preventing the impact of the piston of the pneumatic cylinder 8 o its cover.

Currently, design documentation has been developed for the proposed utility model and comprehensive tests of prototypes have been carried out.

Claims (5)

1. A hopper car containing a body, which is a frame with a frame installed on it, consisting of side and end walls, hoppers with unloading hatch covers, an unloading mechanism including a pneumatic cylinder, a drive shaft with a stopper mounted on it, main and double-arm levers, a drive lever transmitting force from the pneumatic cylinder to the drive shaft, a locking device pivotally attached to the frame of the hopper car and to the cylinder body and interacting through a protrusion with the drive shaft stopper, rods pivotally connected to the double-arm lever and hatch covers, characterized in that stops are installed on the outside of the hatch covers, and counter-stops are installed on the body, located in the places where the stops fit when the hatch covers are open. 2. A hopper car according to claim 1, characterized in that each hatch cover contains at least two stops. 3. The hopper car according to claim 1, characterized in that the stops are fixed to the frame elements of the hatch covers. 4. The hopper car according to claim 1, characterized in that the counter supports are fixed to the lower frame of the side wall. 5. The hopper car according to claim 3, characterized in that the stops are installed and secured along the entire height of the hatch cover frame.