RU2215845C2 - Bridging for railroad crossing and method of bridging construction (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport construction; designed for construction of railroad bridgings in points of motor road and railroad crossings. SUBSTANCE: bridging has blocks of elastomer laid in longitudinal direction relative to track on both sides of rail track and in interrail space with formation of surface at level of upper edge of rails for movement of wheel transport across rail track. Said blocks are provided with projections directed in same longitudinal direction and holes which are used for block connection. Novelty consists in that said blocks include main blocks laid in pairs on one another, and connecting blocks. Said projection are made on main blocks of each pair. Pairs of main blocks are located with intervals to which protrudes opposite to each other projections of neighboring pairs. Holes are made in connecting blocks which are located in said intervals so that embrace said projections and in this way connect upper and lower main blocks in pair and neighboring pairs with each other. Novelty in one version of method consists in that accuracy of shape of side surfaces of formed products is ensures by thick-walled plates of equipment of required rigidity, and accuracy of shape of upper and/or lower surfaces of formed products with simultaneous heating of molded vulcanized mixture are ensured by rigid heating plates of equipment through upper and/or thin-walled plates of low rigidity, respectively. Novelty in other version, consists in that accuracy of shape of side surfaces of molded products is ensured by thick-walled plates of equipment of required rigidity, and product is molded from top and/or from bottom directly by heating plates of equipment. EFFECT: increased operate reliability and facilitate manufacture, and economical efficiency of manufacture of bridging of railroad crossings due to its design and offered versions. 7 cl, 12 dwg, 2 ex

Description

 The invention relates to transport construction and is intended for the construction of railway crossings at the intersection of roads and railways.

Known decking for crossing a rail track, containing blocks of elastomer, laid in a longitudinal direction relative to the rail track on both sides of the rail track and in the rail space with the formation at the level of the upper edge of the rails of the surface to move across the rail track of wheeled vehicles (see US 4846401 A , E 01 C 9/04, 07/11/1989)
As the closest analogue, a flooring for crossing a rail track is adopted, containing elastomer blocks laid in a direction longitudinal relative to the rail track on both sides of the rail track and in the rail space with the formation of a surface at the level of the upper edge of the rail to move across the rail track of the wheeled vehicle, equipped with protrusions protruding in the same longitudinal direction and openings and interconnected by means of these protrusions and openings (see RU 7418 U1, E 01 C 9/04, 08.16.1998).

 As the closest analogue to the method of manufacturing the main and connecting blocks from elastomer for the claimed flooring, a method is adopted that includes the design of these blocks in technological equipment with thick-walled and thin-walled plates and plates of various stiffness (see RU 7418 U1, E 01 C 9/04, 08.16.1998).

 The disadvantage of this device and method of manufacture is the low cost-effectiveness of manufacturing elements (blocks) due to their large dimensions, requiring the use of large presses, complex and expensive equipment and long technological cycles of pressing.

 In addition, large presses, large complex rigging, large technological cycles predetermine the high cost of work, and hence the cost of flooring.

 A disadvantage of the known solution is also the increased complexity in the installation of plates at the place of future relocation, associated with their large dimensions and weight, and accordingly with the need for lifting equipment. As a result, the installation cost increases, and the movement of the panels directly relative to each other, for example, when introducing the protrusions into the grooves due to the severity of the plates, remains complicated.

 The objective of the present invention is to increase the operational reliability, as well as manufacturability and economy of the manufacture of flooring of railway crossings.

 The problem in terms of the design of the flooring is solved due to the fact that in the flooring for moving across a rail track containing blocks of elastomer laid in the direction longitudinal relative to the rail track on both sides of the rail track and in the rail space with the formation at the level of the upper edge of the rails of the surface for movements across the rail track of wheeled vehicles, equipped with protrusions protruding in the same longitudinal direction, and holes and interconnected by means of these protrusions and According to the invention, said blocks include main blocks laid in pairs on top of each other and connecting blocks, said protrusions being made on the main blocks of each pair, pairs of main blocks placed at intervals in which protrusions of adjacent pairs protrude towards each other, and the holes are made in connecting blocks, which are located in the indicated spaces so that these protrusions are covered by these holes and thus connect the upper and lower main blocks in pairs and adjacent pairs to each other. Moreover, each lower block of the indicated pair of main blocks may have a recess, which is located at the base of the rail and in which the liner of elastomer is placed, the lower surface of which is made in accordance with the configuration of this particular rail track. Said main blocks, connecting blocks and liner can be formed by molding unvulcanized waste of a pre-rolled or calibrated mixture of rubber with a filler to obtain, after molding, a vulcanized material. Said main blocks, connecting blocks and liner can be formed by molding an unvulcanized mixture of rubber with a filler previously rolled or calibrated. The edges of the upper block of the indicated pair of main blocks can be brought under the rail heads.

 The problem in part of the first variant of the method of manufacturing the main blocks and connecting blocks of elastomer for flooring or for flooring with liners is solved due to the fact that in a method that includes the design of these blocks in a tooling with thick-walled and thin-walled plates and plates of different stiffness, according to the invention the accuracy of the shape of the side surfaces of the molded products is ensured by thick-walled plates of equipment of the required rigidity, and the accuracy of the shape of the upper and / or lower surfaces uemyh products while heating the moldable mixture vulcanized plates provide rigid heating equipment respectively through the top and / or bottom plate walled low stiffness. In part of the second variant of the method of manufacturing the main and connecting blocks from elastomer for flooring or for flooring with liners, the problem is solved due to the fact that in a method that includes the design of these blocks in technological equipment with thick-walled and thin-walled plates and plates of different stiffness, according to the invention, the shape accuracy the lateral surfaces of the molded products provide thick-walled plates rigging of the required rigidity, and on top and / or below the products are molded directly with heating plates been concerned.

 The claimed invention, both in terms of the design of the flooring, and in part of both variants of the method of manufacturing the main blocks and connecting blocks from elastomer for the flooring or for the flooring with liners, allows to obtain a technical result, namely, that a reliable connection of the blocks is achieved, as a result of which a high operational reliability. In addition, due to the fact that the main blocks are stacked in pairs on top of each other, the thickness of the blocks is reduced by half, which significantly reduces the pressing cycle and, in addition, allows the use of such high-performance type of equipment as floor presses, which greatly increases labor productivity for account of simultaneous pressing in one press up to eight large parts instead of one. The use of floor presses with heating plates makes it possible to repeatedly reduce the complexity and material consumption of molds, especially since the heating of the pressed material is ensured not by supplying heat to the mold, but directly by the heating plates of the press. All this allows to increase the manufacturability and economy of the manufacture of flooring.

 In addition, the dimensions of the main and connecting blocks are constant, since they are determined by the standard dimensions of the rail track, compensation for differences in the shape of the sleepers is ensured by the use of these inserts.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where
in FIG. 1 is a plan view of a portion of a railroad leveling from interconnected blocks;
in FIG. 2 shows the internal blocks in the plan and shows the direction of movement of the blocks during installation, in which they form a relationship due to the mating of the respective surfaces;
in FIG. Figure 3 shows a side view of the upper and lower indoor units, as well as the inserts adjacent to the rails, and shows the direction of their movement during installation to ensure the intended relative positioning of these parts in the deck;
in FIG. 4 is a side view of a connection block;
in FIG. 5 shows a fragment of the assembled and interconnected internal upper and lower blocks and the connecting block;
in FIG. 6 shows the external blocks in plan and shows the direction of movement of the blocks during installation, in which they form a relationship by preserving the corresponding surfaces;
in FIG. 7 shows a side view of the upper and lower outdoor units, as well as the liner adjacent to the rail, and shows the direction of their movement during installation to facilitate the intended relative positioning of these parts in the deck;
in FIG. 8 shows a fragment of the assembled and interconnected outer upper and lower blocks and the connecting block;
in FIG. Figure 9 shows a fragment of the transverse (across the cross ties) section of the assembled flooring, which shows how the upper and lower blocks and the connecting block formed a relationship that reliably prevents the loss and movement of any of them when exposed to the wheels of vehicles;
in FIG. 10 shows a fragment of a longitudinal (across the rail) section of the assembled flooring, which shows the location of the liners adjacent to the rail, in relation to the upper and lower inner and outer blocks;
in FIG. 11 shows a sectional view along the heating plates of an arrangement of formed parts, as well as elements of technological equipment (molds) when pressing on a floor press;
in FIG. 12 shows the same embodiment as shown in FIG. 11, but in cross section across the heating plates.

 The proposed flooring is made of blocks of elastomer, for example, based on rubber. As shown in FIG. 1, in terms of their position with respect to the rails, the blocks are divided into internal, laid in the rail space, and external, laid close to the rails to the right and left of the rail.

 In addition, the intended purpose of the blocks are divided into main, bearing the bulk of the load created by wheeled vehicles passing through the crossing, and connecting, designed to connect the main blocks and, in addition, also bearing part of the specified load.

 As shown in FIG. 3 and 5, the inner blocks are laid in the rail space as follows: the lower main block 1 is laid on the ground 2 and sleepers 3 (Fig. 9) between the rails 4 and 5 (Figs. 1, 10), and the upper main block 6 is laid on it (Fig. 5), the edges of which 7 and 8 (Fig. 6 and 10) are placed under the heads of the rails 4 and 5. On the ground and sleepers 3 (Fig. 10), liners 9 and 10 (Fig. 3 and 10) are pre-laid, which fill the space of the grooves 11 (Fig. 3) of blocks 1 (Figs. 3 and 10). The connecting block 12 (Fig. 2, 4 and 5) with the surfaces of its holes 13 and 14 (Fig. 4) is mated with the surfaces of the protrusions 15, 17 and 18 (Fig. 2 and 3) of the upper and lower main blocks 6 and 1 (Fig. 3), inserted inside these holes 13 and 14. Thus, a tight connection is formed between the upper and lower main blocks and the connecting block on one side of them. Similarly, the protrusions 19, 20, 21 and 22 of the neighboring lower 23 and upper 24 main blocks (Fig. 2) are brought into the same holes 13 and 14 of the same connecting block 12. Thus, a tight connection is formed between the adjacent upper and lower main blocks with the same connecting block on the adjacent side. In the same way, all internal blocks are connected on all sides with the formation of a continuous flooring of interconnected blocks in the rail space.

 External blocks are laid outside the rail track (left and right), while the lower main block 25 (Fig. 7) is laid on the ground of the sleepers similarly to the internal main blocks 2 and 3 (Fig. 9), and the upper main block 26 is laid on it (Fig. . 8), the edge of which 27 (Figs. 8 and 10) is adjacent to the rail 4 (Fig. 10). On the ground and sleepers (Fig. 10), a liner 28 (Figs. 7 and 10) is pre-laid, which fills the space of the groove 29 (Fig. 7) of the block 25 (Figs. 7 and 10). The connecting block 30 (Fig.6 and 8) with the surface of its hole 31 is mated with the surface of the protrusions 32 and 33 (Fig. 6 and 7) of the upper and lower main blocks 26 and 25 (Fig. 7), brought inside this hole 31. Thus , formed a tight connection of the upper and lower main blocks and the connecting block on one side. Similarly, the protrusions 34 and 35 of the adjacent lower 36 and upper 37 main blocks (Fig. 6) are brought into the same hole 31 of the connecting block 30. Thus, a tight connection is formed between the neighboring upper and lower main blocks with the same connecting block on the adjacent side. In the same way, all indoor units are connected on all sides with the formation of a continuous flooring to the right and left of the rail track.

For the manufacture of the blocks presented above, between the heating rigid plates 38 (Fig. 11 and 12) of the floor press, for example, the P-740 models are placed collapsible forms, each consisting of thick-walled rigid side plates 39 and 40, thin-walled upper 41 and lower 42 plates of low rigidity attached to the plates 38 of the floor press, and inserts 43, 44, 45, 46, which form the protrusions, grooves and openings of the molded blocks - the inner upper 47 and inner lower 48, inner connecting 49, outer upper 50, etc. . blocks. Before pressing, each mold is removed from the press to the outside, assembled by attaching removable parts, the necessary quantities (weighed) of unvulcanized rubber compound are placed, placed back into the press between the heating plates, and when all forms are prepared and placed in the press, the press plates are closed under the required pressure in the direction of the arrow P (Fig. 11, 12) and at the same time the rubber mixture is heated to 150-160 ^o C, while heat is transferred to it from the heated press heating plates through thin-walled horizontal mold plates. Due to the relatively small thickness of the plates being formed (due to the fact that they are stacked in pairs on top of each other) and the small thickness of the horizontal snap-in plates that do not inhibit the heat flux, the moldable mixture heats up well and uniformly over the entire thickness, acquiring increased ductility under the influence of temperature, and under the action of pressing forces it is distributed throughout the form, filling all the cavities, and then vulcanizing. After completion of pressing, each mold is removed from the press and the finished plate is taken out. Then the process is repeated.

 An example of a snap arrangement between the press heating plates in FIG. 11 and 12, given to explain the essence of the proposed method, does not exhaust all the possibilities of the press, depending on the specific dimensions of the pressed parts, the equipment can be placed on the heating plates in a larger quantity and more optimally, in addition, all 8 floors of the press can be filled. Therefore, the performance of pressing on one floor press is high and many times exceeds the performance of a press with one large-sized form (as for the prototype). At the same time, the pressing cycle time by the proposed method is 9 hours, and the time of such a cycle on a press with one large-sized mold due to the twice as large thickness of the pressed part is 16 hours, i.e. pressing by the proposed method is faster. In addition, the equipment (form) for pressing by the proposed method is extremely simple, since there is no need for complex structural additions to heat it and provide comprehensive rigidity.

 An example of the manufacture of blocks from pre-rolled unvulcanized waste rubber mixtures with a filler is pressed flooring and installed at the Kurovskaya station crossing of the Moscow-Ryazan track distance, the blocks of which are made from previously rolled "sheets of unvulcanized rubber-fabric waste TU 2519-240-00149245-90" . The argument in favor of this flooring is that it has been used for more than two years with a large traffic flow, but there were no visible defects on it. Positive feedback on the operation of this flooring is attached. One block of this flooring has been removed, replaced with a new one, and the material of the removed block has been tested with a positive result. Thus, the manufacture of the proposed method from these rubber-fabric wastes ensures the release of high quality blocks. At the same time, the cost of the material is relatively low, since waste is used, and the absence of a two-layer structure (core and enveloping shell) and the associated internal stresses makes it possible to provide additional and reliable operation. An additional factor ensuring the uniformity of the structure of the material in the molded blocks, including the absence of air bubbles, uniform density, is the preliminary rolling of the raw material and thus preventing the “looseness” of the collected sample of the raw material in the mold. Attempts to manufacture blocks from raw materials not produced did not give the desired result, i.e., it was not possible to obtain unvulcanized material with the desired level of physical and mechanical properties.

 In addition to the listed features, the proposed technical solution also simplifies installation work, since they can be carried out without the use of lifting equipment in connection with a reduction in the mass of blocks by half. As a result, their mutual movement during installation is simplified, since it can be carried out manually using a hand tool, and the cost of installation work is also reduced, since the need to pay for the use of lifting equipment is eliminated.

 Thus, the structural division of solid flooring blocks into upper and lower ones opened up the possibility of using new classes of high-performance equipment, such as floor presses, the use of connecting blocks made it possible to connect all flooring blocks into a single system in which the possibility of displacement of blocks relative to each other is excluded, and the use as a raw material of pre-rolled unvulcanized wastes of a mixture of rubber with a filler ensured high efficiency and quality of the material , which, ultimately, allowed to achieve the purpose of the invention.

Claims (7)

 1. A deck for moving across a rail track, comprising elastomer blocks laid in a direction longitudinal relative to the rail track on both sides of the rail track and in the rail space to form a surface at the level of the upper edge of the rail rails for moving across the rail track with protrusions protruding in the same longitudinal direction, and holes and interconnected by means of these protrusions and holes, characterized in that the said blocks include main blocks, paired stacked on top of each other and connecting blocks, wherein said protrusions are made on the main blocks of each pair, pairs of main blocks are placed at intervals in which protrusions of adjacent pairs are issued towards each other, and openings are made in connecting blocks that are located in the indicated spaces so what these protrusions cover with these openings and thus connect the upper and lower main blocks in pairs and adjacent pairs to each other.  2. The flooring according to claim 1, characterized in that each lower block of the indicated pair of main blocks has a recess, which is located at the base of the rail and in which an elastomer insert is placed, the lower surface of which is made in accordance with the configuration of this particular rail track.  3. The flooring according to claim 2, characterized in that said main blocks, connecting blocks and liner are formed by molding unvulcanized waste of a pre-rolled or calibrated mixture of rubber with a filler to obtain a vulcanized material after molding.  4. Flooring according to claim 2, characterized in that said main blocks, connecting blocks and liner are formed by molding an unvulcanized mixture of rubber with a filler previously rolled or calibrated.  5. Flooring according to any one of paragraphs. 1-4, characterized in that the edges of the upper block of the specified pair of main blocks are brought under the rail heads.  6. A method of manufacturing the main blocks and connecting blocks of elastomer for flooring according to claim 1 or for flooring with liners according to claim 2, including the design of these blocks in a tooling with thick-walled and thin-walled plates and plates of various stiffness, characterized in that the shape accuracy the lateral surfaces of the molded products provide thick-walled plates snap the required rigidity, and the accuracy of the shape of the upper and / or lower surfaces of the molded products while heating the mold is vulcanized th mixtures are provided with hard heating plates of equipment, respectively, through the upper and / or lower thin-walled plates of low rigidity.  7. A method of manufacturing the main and connecting blocks of elastomer for flooring according to claim 1 or for flooring with liners according to claim 2, including the design of these blocks in technological equipment with thick-walled and thin-walled plates and plates of various stiffness, characterized in that the shape of the side the surfaces of the molded products provide thick-walled plates with rigging of the required rigidity, and on top and / or below the products are molded directly with heating plates of the equipment.

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