RU221002U1 - Matrix switch of power circuits with variable port status - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to computer technology. The technical result consists in expanding the switching capabilities of the matrix switch of power circuits. The matrix switch of power circuits contains a common power bus, to which a voltage monitoring unit of this bus and four switching channels are connected, made bidirectional according to the same type of circuit, a common monitoring and control unit connected by control circuits to switching channels and a common control and display panel, and by control circuits with a common power bus voltage monitoring unit, switching channels and a control and display panel, having an interface unit with external control devices via a standard information channel, a common control and display panel connected by monitoring and control circuits to a common monitoring and control unit, a common power source, converting the input AC voltage from an external power source into DC voltage to power the switching channels, the common power bus voltage control unit, the common monitoring and control unit, the common control and display panel. 7 salary f-ly, 6 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of electrical engineering, in particular, to switching devices for use in AC and DC power circuits of power supply systems (SES) of radio-electronic equipment (REA), complexes of technical means for checking and testing REA, as well as its components, recording systems and simulation of types and values of power quality indicators (PQI), supplying REA, various electrical complexes and systems.

From the prior art, a matrix switch (MC) is known in the form of a device that allows you to connect N information receivers to M its sources, that is, to connect a different number of users to a variety of information channels in various combinations. In this case, the sources of information can be any devices and hardware and software systems equipped with video and/or peripheral ports (USB, PS/2, RS232, etc.), ranging from conventional video cameras to industrial equipment. For example, such MKs have become widespread in the practice of television broadcasting with dynamic changes of image and sound on one screen or simultaneous display of various events on split-screen devices, in security surveillance systems, in industrial automated process control systems, in medicine, in transport, in the military. application, etc.

The main technical indicator of an MK - dimension - is denoted as M × N, where M is the number of input ports, and N is the number of output ports. The optimal dimension of the MC is determined by the need for potential scaling of the information network. In the case of using small-sized MCUs with static ports, the necessary scaling is carried out by cascading the system using the appropriate connection of additional MCUs to existing ones and using a new version of the software of the upgraded system.

The fundamental feature of such MKs is the unidirectional transmission of information signals from M input ports to N output ports, which is given, for example, in the description of RU 2160925 or RU 173731. In addition, the digital channels formed in the switching environment for transmitting information on the functions performed are inadequate to the physical electrical connections and are low-current and low-voltage. The indicated features of information microcontrollers limit their use only in the field of IP technologies, which makes it impossible to use them for the above-mentioned areas of electrical engineering. Therefore, it is possible to evaluate the technical solutions of information MCs as an analogue of the ICSC only in terms of the organization of the matrix switching method itself.

In the areas under consideration from the field of electrical engineering, in the process of functioning of complexes of technical means, in many cases their algorithmic restructuring is required through automated or automatic switching of power electrical circuits.

So, for example, the most common objects for using controlled power switches are redundant SES REA, which provide automatic selection and connection of one of several alternative backup sources of electricity (IE) with the best PKI values instead of the failed main one.

Another example for the field of technology under consideration can be the use of controlled power switches as part of automated equipment that ensures checks and tests of the stability of the operation of electronic equipment when simulating changes in PCE values occurring in real autonomous power sources or stationary solar power plants of alternating and direct current. One of the main functions of this equipment is the ability to quickly algorithmically switch reproduced electricity from the output of the simulation equipment to the power input of one or more test objects, as well as to equivalent electrical load equivalents. As part of the same equipment or autonomously, the task of preliminary and (or) ongoing monitoring of PKE values in various AC or DC power electrical circuits often arises, which requires their operational algorithmic connection to the recording part of the test equipment using power controlled switches.

As an analogue of an MK for switching power circuits, we can consider a well-known device - a four-channel USB MK of power lines AEE-2085 from AKTAKOM (http://www.aktakom.ru/kio/index.php?SECTION ID=13648&ELEMENT ID=182692) , having 4 input and 4 output bidirectional ports, forming a matrix switching structure with 4 horizontal and 4 vertical buses and providing switching using 16 relays of any input to any output or any one input (output) to any multiple inputs (outputs). The maximum values of switched currents (AC and DC) are 3A, the maximum values of switched voltages are 100 V (DC) and 125 V (AC). MK AEE-2085 is a set-top box for a personal computer (PC). Switching is controlled programmatically via a USB interface or remotely via a LAN network interface.

Known information regarding MK AEE-2085 allows us to determine the most optimal direction for its application, namely, the creation on its basis of small control and measuring systems with a low value of electrical power throughput (up to 350 - 400 W). For the above areas in the field of electrical engineering, MK AEE-2085 does not provide the necessary technical characteristics in the form of values of switched currents (tens - hundreds of amperes) and voltages (hundreds of volts), the ability to control the switching process manually in local control mode without connecting to a PC, does not provide monitoring the functional state of switching elements, as well as blocking switching in the presence of voltage in the power circuit (in no-current switching mode).

The prototype of the proposed MCSC, which eliminates these shortcomings, is a well-known device that performs algorithmic currentless switching of power circuits with increased values of electrical parameters, providing preliminary control of the presence / absence of voltage in it (Yu. Libenko, A. Vorontsov “Prospects for improving simulation technical means for reproducing types and values of power quality parameters”, journal “Power Electronics” for 2020 No. 5, pp. 24-28, Y. Libenko, A. Vorontsov “Use of modern test equipment to check the stability of operation of electronic equipment when changing the values of input power quality parameters”, zh. "Power Electronics" for 2021 No. 1, pp. 48-52).

The creation of promising electrical equipment for the above areas of electrical engineering is directly related to the possibility of ensuring its more flexible algorithmic restructuring, the prompt connection of a number of additional external devices to it, as well as the increasing level of automation of processes performed. The technical capabilities of the prototype, intended for one or two areas of application, do not fully meet these criteria, which in the situation under consideration can be attributed to its shortcomings.

Elimination of the shortcomings of the analog and prototype is ensured by the claimed improved device, created on the basis of the prototype - MCSC with a changeable status of ports for connecting external power circuits of alternating and direct current, a priori determined by its user and taken into account by him in the process of switching control. The technical solutions adopted to implement the MCSC for AC and DC power circuits made it possible to completely unify their structures.

The inventive device makes it possible to solve the assigned problems by achieving a technical result, which consists in expanding the switching capabilities of the prototype by introducing into it a number of additional functions provided collectively by its hardware and software resources.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the MCSC of alternating or direct current, implemented in the form of a functionally and structurally complete device, contains a common power bus (SNR), a voltage control unit (VMC) of this bus, four (in the basic version of the device) switching channels ( CC), made bidirectional according to the same type of circuit, a common monitoring and control unit (UCU), a common control and display panel (CCU), a common power source (PS).

The basic version of the MCSC is defined as containing the minimum required number of CC (4) for the most popular cases of its practical application.

To connect external power circuits to the MCSC, each of its CCs is provided with one port in the form of a channel connecting element (CPE), which implements a function corresponding to the generally accepted concept of “port” for power electronics devices - the point of connection to the device of an external electrical power circuit. KPI can be implemented using a detachable connector, a group of terminals, clamps, etc., depending on the specified values of switched current and voltage, design requirements for the MCSC, as well as the convenience of quickly connecting (disconnecting) an external power circuit to (from) ICSC.

The SNR also provides the ability to directly connect two external power circuits to its two ports using bus connecting elements (SPE1 and SPE2), which can be implemented using a detachable connector, a group of terminals, clamps, etc., depending on the specified values of the switched current and voltage, design requirements for the MCSC, as well as the convenience of quickly connecting (disconnecting) an external power circuit to (from) the MCSC.

Any MCSC port can have the status “Input” or “Output”, based on the function of the external device connected to it: “Input” - when the output circuit of the source is connected to it, or “Output” - when the input circuit of the consumer of electricity is connected to it (IE or PE, respectively).

MCSC in terms of CC supports the matrix switching principle (“each with each”): any of the CC can be connected via SNR to:

one of any of the M-1 KK;

simultaneously to any quantity from the number of M-1 KK.

A typical KK, in addition to the above-mentioned KPI, includes: automatic circuit breaker (AB); switching element (CE) and voltage control unit (VMC).

Initially, the ECs of all CCs are in a normally open state and can switch external power circuits both when current flows in them (current switching mode) and in its absence (currentless switching mode). The required option for the CCs involved in the switching of a given circuit is selected a priori by the user. In the second case, when the channel VCR detects the presence of voltage in the circuit to be switched, automatic blocking of the EC circuit is provided, which will not allow connecting this circuit to the SNR. In the same case, when an external power circuit is connected directly to the SNR, control of the presence of voltage in it is provided by the bus VCA. When it detects the presence of voltage in the circuit, automatic blocking of the EC circuit in all CCs is ensured.

AB is designed to protect the output circuit of the IE connected to the CC with the status of the “Input” port from current overload and short circuit on the part of the MCSC, as well as to protect the functional parts of the CC from the same situations in the input circuit of the electricity receiver connected to the CC with the status "Output" port.

Control signals about the functional state of the EC (“closed” / “open”) and about the presence/absence of voltage in the external power circuit connected to the EC are generated in it and transmitted to the MCSC UCU, which compares the information about the control signal (“closed” / “open”) for the CE of each CC and the control signal about the functional state (“closed” / “open”) from this CE in order to determine the possibility of it performing subsequent algorithmic switching with blocking this possibility in the event of an information mismatch between the control and monitoring signals.

The UCU also provides the ability to control the MCSC in local mode manually from the built-in general control unit or remotely - through an information channel (IC) from an external control device, which is a PC, with a manual or automated control method. In remote mode, the ability to control from a common control center is automatically blocked.

The general power supply of the MCSC, which is an AC-DC voltage converter (rectifier), provides the necessary electrical energy to the UKN, OSSh, KK, UKU and PUO.

The set of essential features of the utility model are: 1. Matrix switch of power circuits, designed for switching electricity in AC or DC power circuits, characterized by the fact that it contains a common power bus to which a voltage control unit for this bus and four switching channels made bidirectional are connected according to the same type of scheme, a common monitoring and control unit connected by control circuits with switching channels and a common control and display panel, and by control circuits with a common power bus voltage monitoring unit, switching channels and a control and display panel, having an interface with external control devices standard information channel, a common control and display panel connected by monitoring and control circuits to a common monitoring and control unit, a common power source that converts the input AC voltage from an external power source into DC voltage to power the switching channels, a common power bus voltage control unit , a common monitoring and control unit, a common control and display panel, and the common power bus contains two ports in the form of the same type of bus connecting elements with a changeable status “Input” / “Output” depending on the connection to the port of a non-switched power circuit from an external source or receiver electricity, respectively, and each switching channel contains one port in the form of a channel connecting element with a changeable status “Input” / “Output” depending on the connection to it of the switched power circuit from an external source or receiver of electricity, respectively, a circuit breaker connected, with on the one hand, to the channel connecting element, and on the other, to the input of the voltage monitoring unit of a given switching channel and to one side of the switching element, connected on the other side to a common power bus, the control and monitoring circuits of the switching element and the output circuit of the voltage monitoring unit of this switching channel, associated with a common monitoring and control unit.

2 Matrix switch of power circuits according to claim 1, characterized in that one common power bus, together with four bidirectional switching channels attached to it, supports a matrix method of connecting its channel ports according to the “each to each” principle.

3. Matrix switch of power circuits according to claim 1, characterized in that the switching element simultaneously provides switching of the power circuit and generation of a control signal about its functional state.

4. Matrix switch of power circuits according to claim 1, characterized in that the common monitoring and control unit compares information about the control signal (“close” / “open”) for the switching element of each switching channel and the control signal about the functional state (“closed” / “open”) from the switching element of each switching channel in order to determine the possibility of this switching element performing subsequent algorithmic switching with blocking this possibility in the event of an information mismatch between the control and monitoring signals.

5. The matrix switch of power circuits according to claim 1, characterized in that the common monitoring and control unit, based on control information from each switching channel, keeps track of the total number of operations of its switching element with the transmission of this information via a standard information channel to an external control device when it connection and upon its request in order to determine the degree of depletion of the installed resource (number of operations) of the switching element and its timely replacement.

6. Matrix switch of power circuits according to claim 1, characterized in that the common monitoring and control unit compares information from the voltage monitoring unit of the common power bus and the voltage monitoring units of each switching channel about the presence of voltage on the common power bus and information from the switching element of each channel switching about its functional state to provide two switching modes, a priori selected by the user: current-free, in which the operation of its switching elements is possible only in the absence of voltage in the power circuit or current in the presence of voltage in it.

7. Matrix switch of power circuits according to claim 1, characterized in that control of its operation is provided both locally from the control and display panel with a manual control method, and remotely from an external device, which is a PC, when it is connected using a standard information channel with manual or automated control method.

8. Matrix switch of power circuits according to claim 1, characterized in that the common monitoring and control unit automatically blocks the execution of commands coming from the control panel and display in remote control mode from an external control device.

These features are essential and interrelated to form a stable set of essential features sufficient to obtain the required technical result.

This technical solution is illustrated by a specific example of implementation, which, however, is not the only possible one, but clearly demonstrates the achievement of the required technical result.

To illustrate the possibility of obtaining the required technical result, the following graphic materials are attached:

fig. 1 - block diagram of a basic MCSC with four CCs;

fig. 2 - option for using the basic MCSC to supply voltage from one IE to any one, simultaneously to any two or three of its consumers (PE1, PE2, PEZ);

fig. 3 - option for using the basic MCSC to alternatively ensure a guaranteed supply of electricity to its consumer (PE) from any of three independent sources;

fig. 4 - appearance of the MCSC with five CCs, intended for autonomous use as an independent product;

fig. 5 - appearance of an aggregated switching and load device (KLU), in which the MCSC with five CCs is included as a functional component (located in the upper part of the rack);

fig. 6 - appearance of an automated simulation complex that reproduces the types and values of power quality indicators for testing various electronic equipment, in which the MCSC with five QCs is included as a functional component (located in the middle part of the right rack).

Figure 1 shows the following symbols:

1. Common Power Bus (SNR)

2. Voltage control unit (VKN)

3. Switching channel (CC)

4. Monitoring and control unit (MCN)

5. Control and display panel (CUP)

6. Power supply (PS)

7. Channel connecting element (CPE)

8. Busbar connecting element (SPE)

9. Automatic switch (AB)

10. Switching element (CE)

11. Information channel (IC)

12. Control circuit (K)

13. Control circuit (U)

14. Power supply circuit ( _Un )

Figures 2 and 3 show the following additional symbols:

15. Source of electricity (IE)

16. Electricity consumer (PE)

In Figs. 2 and 3, as part of the basic MCSC, the components and circuits of control, monitoring and power supply are not shown.

A description of a number of technical solutions necessary for the implementation of the proposed MCSC and given below can be illustrated using Fig.1.

The schematic and structural basis of the proposed MCSC is the SNR, which, in essence, is a current collector through which the currents of all external switched power circuits flow. It can be made in the form of a package of mutually isolated current buses with the required number of connecting contacts on each of them. The number of current buses depends on the corresponding number of conductors in external power circuits, and the number of contacts depends on the number of CCs in the MCSC. The difference between the MCSC in comparison with the known information MC and the power MC, considered as an analogue, is the sufficiency of the presence in the MCSC of only one bus to support the “matrix” feature of the switch - the possibility of controlled connection of switching channel ports on the principle of “each to each”.

When performing the same switching tasks and the number of CCs in MCSCs is more than four, the total number of switching elements (SEs) used in them compared to MCs with a classic bus architecture (with vertical and horizontal buses, for example, in the analogue of AEE-2085) is significantly reduced.

Another feature of the SNR may be the presence at its ends of ports for connecting non-switched external power circuits with a changeable status (“Input” / “Output”), depending on their purpose determined a priori by the user by directly connecting an external IE or PE to them.

The two-way directionality of the AC in the MCSC can be ensured through the use of a controlled AC, which is a monostable normally open contactor or an electromechanical type relay.

The number of power contact groups in CE and their electrical characteristics depend on the type of current and can be from 2 to 4. For AC and DC CE, the electrical characteristics of the control group of contacts are the same, and their number is equal to two. The control group generates a relay type signal (closed/open), transmitted to the general control unit of the MCSC.

Automatic switches as part of the CC are designed to protect the output circuits of external devices connected to its connection port from current overloads and short circuits on the part of the MCSC, as well as to protect the functional parts in the power circuit of the CC from the same situations in the input circuits of external devices connected with its connection port.

The VKN in the CC and connected to the SNR are designed to determine the presence (absence) in the power circuit of the KK and at the SNR, respectively, of voltage, information about which is transmitted to the general VKU of the MCSC.

The general UCU provides management and control of the ICSC. Through control circuits, control signals are transmitted from the common control unit to the CE, and in the opposite direction - signals for monitoring the functional state of the CE. By comparing control and monitoring signals, the general control unit determines the technical condition of each CE. If there is an information discrepancy between the control and monitoring signals, the common control unit blocks further execution of the control program and provides the operator with information about the failure of the control unit with identification of its location in the MCSC.

Based on information from the control group of contacts of each EC, the general UCU keeps records of the total number of its operations with the transfer of this information to the external control device MCSC when it is connected and upon its request in order to determine the degree of depletion of the installed resource and timely replacement of the EC.

The general UCU compares information from the UKN OSh and UKN KK about the presence of voltage at the OSh and information from each KK about the functional state of its EC to provide two modes of operation of the MCSC, a priori selected by the user: in the current-free switching mode of the external power circuit, in which the contacts are closed and opened its FE are possible only in the absence of voltage; in the current circuit switching mode, i.e. when there is voltage in it.

The common control unit automatically blocks the execution of commands coming from the common control unit in remote control mode from an external device.

The general control center is designed to control the operation of the MCSC in the local control mode. To control the operation of the MCSC, the common control center is connected by appropriate electrical circuits to the common control unit and has the ability to communicate with an external PC. When controlling the MCSC from an external PC in remote mode, the ability to control it from its SCP is blocked; only the display of current control information on the SCP is supported.

The general power supply converts the initial electrical power of single-phase alternating current with a voltage value of 220 V and a frequency of 50 Hz into an intermediate value of direct current voltage with the value necessary to power the power supply of all functional units of the MCSC.

When manually or automatically connecting / disconnecting up to three PEs (PE1-PE3) to one IE using a basic four-channel MCSC (see Fig. 2), three options are provided for power supply:

alternately to each PE in any sequence;

simultaneous with any two PEs;

simultaneous three PEs;

The use of MCSC for connecting three IEs to one PE (see Fig. 3) allows us to solve the following problems:

a) guaranteed* power supply to the PE from three independent electrical outlets:

IE1 - main**;

IE2 - reserve**;

IE3-emergency**

* the maximum duration of interruption in the power supply to the PE is guaranteed when switching the IE:

**functions between IEs are distributed conditionally. If the main IE fails, the backup IE is turned on; if the backup IE fails, the emergency IE is turned on (for a limited period of time due to insufficient energy resources, for example, an uninterruptible power supply).

b) uninterrupted (during a given time interval) power supply to the PE from three IEs (IE1-IE3).

MCSC provides two options for the system operation algorithm;

a) three IEs are switched on simultaneously for the total load. If one of them fails, it is disconnected from the SNR, two IEs continue to operate. If the second IE fails, it is also disconnected from the SNR, the last serviceable IE continues to operate until a failure occurs in it;

b) three IEs are switched on simultaneously for the total load. When all IEs are operational, any one of them is disconnected from the SNR. In the next operating cycle, it remains connected to the SNR, and any other operational IE is disconnected from it, i.e. cyclic rotation of energy sources is ensured for the purpose of uniform development of their resource.

In this description of the device and principle of operation of the MCSC, separate structurally isolated devices are provided as PE, which are part of the REA complex and distributed within one object of its operation, or components of the REA, combined into a single construct and having an individual power supply input for the implementation of the corresponding operating algorithm (with the supply and shutdown of input voltage at specified time intervals), or to ensure a given category of power supply in accordance with their status.

A five-channel MCSC in the form of a controlled switching device intended for autonomous use is shown in Fig.4.

A five-channel MCSC as a functional component of an aggregated switching and load device (in the upper part of the rack above the adjustable active load device) is shown in Fig. 5.

The five-channel MCSC as a functional component of an automated simulation complex that reproduces the types and values of power quality indicators and is intended for testing various electronic equipment for stability of operation with regulated and above-standard changes in the values of these indicators is shown in Fig. 6 (third block from the bottom in the right rack of the complex).

Claims (8)

1. Matrix switch of power circuits, designed for switching electricity in AC or DC power circuits, characterized by the fact that it contains a common power bus to which a voltage monitoring unit for this bus and four switching channels made bidirectional according to the same type of circuit are connected, a common control unit and control, connected by control circuits with switching channels and a common control and display panel, and by control circuits - with a voltage control unit for a common power bus, switching channels and a control and display panel, having an interface with external control devices via a standard information channel, a common console control and display, connected by monitoring and control circuits to a common monitoring and control unit, a common power source that converts the input AC voltage from an external power source into DC voltage to power the switching channels, a common power bus voltage monitoring unit, a common monitoring and control unit , a common control and display panel, and the common power bus contains two ports in the form of the same type of bus connecting elements with a changeable status “Input”/“Output” depending on the connection to the port of a non-switched power circuit from an external source or receiver of electricity, respectively, and each the switching channel contains one port in the form of a channel connecting element with a changeable status “Input”/“Output” depending on the connection to it of a switched power circuit from an external source or receiver of electricity, respectively, a circuit breaker connected on one side to the channel connecting element, and on the other - to the input of the voltage monitoring unit of a given switching channel and to one side of the switching element, connected by the other side to a common power bus, the control and monitoring circuits of the switching element and the output circuit of the voltage monitoring unit of a given switching channel, connected to the common monitoring and control unit . 2. Matrix switch of power circuits according to claim 1, characterized in that one common power bus, together with four bidirectional switching channels attached to it, supports a matrix method of switching its channel ports on the “each to each” principle. 3. Matrix switch of power circuits according to claim 1, characterized in that the switching element simultaneously provides switching of the power circuit and generation of a control signal about its functional state. 4. Matrix switch of power circuits according to claim 1, characterized in that the common monitoring and control unit compares information about the control signal (“close”/“open”) for the switching element of each switching channel and the control signal about the functional state (“closed” /“open”) from this switching element in order to determine the possibility of it performing subsequent algorithmic switchings with blocking of this possibility in the event of an information mismatch between the control and monitoring signals. 5. Matrix switch of power circuits according to claim 1, characterized in that the common monitoring and control unit, based on control information from each switching channel, keeps track of the total number of operations of its switching element with the transfer of this information to an external control device when it is connected and through it request in order to determine the degree of depletion of the installed resource of the switching element and its timely replacement. 6. Matrix switch of power circuits according to claim 1, characterized in that the common monitoring and control unit compares information from the voltage monitoring unit of the common power bus and the voltage monitoring units of each switching channel about the presence of voltage on the common power bus and information from the switching element of each channel switching about its functional state to provide two switching modes, a priori selected by the user: currentless, in which the operation of switching elements is possible only in the absence of voltage in the power circuit, or current when there is voltage in it. 7. Matrix switch of power circuits according to claim 1, characterized in that control of its operation is provided both locally from the control and display panel with manual control, and remotely from an external device, which is a PC, via a standard information channel with manual control. or automated control method. 8. Matrix switch of power circuits according to claim 1, characterized in that the common monitoring and control unit automatically blocks the execution of commands coming from the control panel and display in remote control mode from an external control device.