RU229830U9 - Unified warhead - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of weapons, namely to a warhead. The warhead comprises a warhead housing with an explosive charge, a detonation engine and a detonating device. The warhead consists of a penetrating warhead, a detonation engine and a base fragmentation-incendiary part, arranged in series. The warhead housing contains an explosive charge of the warhead, a detonation engine initiation unit, a cumulative charge with a recess facing the detonation engine housing. The connection of the warhead with the detonation engine is provided by bolted connections. The detonation engine consists of a housing in which alternating layers of explosives with high and low detonation capacity are placed, arranged in a direction transverse to the charge axis and fastened together into a whole. The thickness of the layers with high detonation capacity is greater than the critical thickness of the detonation of the substance from which they are made. The thickness of the layers with low detonation capacity is less than the critical thickness of detonation of the substance they are made of, and is sufficient to prevent the transfer of detonation from one layer with high detonation capacity to the next layer with high detonation capacity. Every two adjacent layers with high detonation capacity are connected by detonators passing through the layer with low detonation capacity located between the two considered layers with high detonation capacity. Between the bottom fragmentation-igniter part and the detonation engine, a damping gasket is placed, reducing the negative impact at the moment of separation of the bottom fragmentation-igniter part from the detonation engine. The bottom fragmentation-igniter part consists of a housing with an explosive charge placed in it, ready-made incendiary elements and an initiation unit. The housing of the bottom fragmentation-igniter part is fastened to the detonation engine by means of bolted connections made with the possibility of cutting by the detonating charge. The technical result consists in increasing the effectiveness of the action and expanding the combat capabilities of the warhead. 1 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of armaments and can be used in the creation and production of high-precision weapons (HPW) with unified warheads (WH) that combine multifactorial, multifunctional and multipurpose action.

Multifactorial action on a target implies simultaneous impact on objects of destruction and elementary targets in particular, by several damaging factors of different physical action (penetrating, high explosive, fragmentation, incendiary).

Multifunctional action on a target implies the ability of a means of destruction to operate on the contour of the target, in the space behind the barrier (behind the armor) or at some distance from the target.

Multi-purpose action implies the ability of a weapon to inflict effective damage on targets with varying degrees of protection (vulnerable, lightly armored, armored, particularly strong).

The design of newly developed warheads depends to a large extent on the vulnerability characteristics of the target or elementary targets included in its composition, as a result of which the range of weapons represents a fairly wide range of various ammunition, which individually can be effectively used against a limited type of target (elementary target).

There are various primary-purpose weapons known, containing warheads of various types, used to destroy armored and unarmored vehicles, aircraft parked and in flight at low altitude, manpower in natural and artificial shelters, etc. (Ammunition: textbook: in 2 volumes / edited by V.V. Selivanov. - B75 Moscow: Publishing House of Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 2016).

In most cases, the characteristic feature of these weapons is a one- or two-factor destructive effect (high-explosive, fragmentation, high-explosive fragmentation, penetrating high-explosive, high-explosive incendiary, etc.), one- or two-mode action (contact, non-contact, behind-the-barrier, impact-remote) and single-purpose designation (anti-tank, anti-personnel, anti-transport, anti-submarine, anti-ship, etc.).

The diversification of the considered typical targets and their vulnerability characteristics necessitates the development of promising means of destruction with a unified effect.

A munition is known under patent RU No. 206148 with priority from 02.04.2001 "Fragmentation-incendiary projectile", which is an analogue of the proposed utility model. The projectile, in accordance with the description of the utility model, has a combined high-explosive-fragmentation-incendiary effect.

The disadvantage of this utility model is the low efficiency of destruction of armored and particularly strong targets, due to insufficient penetrating action when acting on these targets.

A concrete-piercing rocket munition is known, comprising a warhead with a high explosive charge and a device for its acceleration, made in the form of a jet engine with a bottom-mounted nozzle block (see patent RU 2238513 F42B 12/06, 10/14, 2004). This aviation munition is equipped with a parachute compartment with mechanisms for unpacking and separating the parachute, as well as a device for longitudinal aerodynamic stabilization of the projectile with rotating blades. The munition, due to the action of the thrust force of the jet engine, acquires the speed necessary to penetrate the obstacle. After the warhead penetrates the concrete obstacle, its explosive charge is detonated.

The disadvantage of this invention is the inertia of acceleration due to the relatively low speed of formation of the working fluid of the jet engine, since gaseous products are formed due to the chemical reaction of heat and mass transfer of combustion of the pyrotechnic composition of the charge, as well as the complexity of the design of the ammunition, which significantly reduces its payload.

The prototype selected is the "Kinetic artillery projectile" according to patent RU No. 2291375 with priority from 08.07.2005, containing a warhead and a jet accelerating engine, including a solid-fuel cartridge placed in its tubular body and connected to a remote initiating device, characterized in that the solid-fuel cartridge is made of autonomous charges of high-explosive substance (HE), each of which is placed in longitudinally adjacent cups, having an axial transfer channel and closed on the side of the warhead with damping gaskets, while the warhead is a monolithic head, rigidly connected directly to the tubular body of the engine, inside which a multilayer bandage is fixed, covering the cups of autonomous charges.

The disadvantage of the prototype is that the solid fuel charge of the jet engine, made of high-explosive explosive, only acts as a jet fuel, which reduces and limits the combat capabilities of the ammunition and the absence of a clear high-explosive, fragmentation and incendiary action in the projectile due to the execution of its striking part in the form of a monolithic head without an explosive charge and incendiary elements.

The claimed utility model is aimed at eliminating the indicated shortcomings of the prototype.

The objective of the utility model is to expand the combat capabilities of known primary-purpose weapons and to create a unified (multi-purpose, multi-factor, multi-functional) munition.

The stated task is achieved by combining in one munition a high-explosive, fragmentation, incendiary and penetrating field of destruction, as well as by using in the design of the proposed munition a detonation engine, which in the variant of action on easily vulnerable and lightly armored targets functions as a high-explosive fragmentation warhead, and in the variant of action on armored and especially strong targets functions as a movement accelerator, which, in turn, increases the penetrating ability of the means of destruction.

The essence of the utility model is explained in Fig. 1.

The unified warhead (UW) and contact sensors (1) are located in the casing of the high-precision weapon (2). The UW consists of a penetrating head warhead (HW), a detonation engine (DE), and a base fragmentation-incendiary warhead (BFIW) arranged in series. The casing (3) contains the UWB explosive charge (4), the UWB initiation unit (5), the detonation engine initiation unit (6), and the cumulative charge (7) with its recess facing the DE casing (8) and located coaxially with the axial cavity (9) of the DE. The connection of the UWB with the DE is provided by bolted connections (10).

The detonation engine consists of a housing (8) in which alternating layers of explosives with high detonation capacity (12) and low detonation capacity (11) are placed, located in a direction transverse to the axis of the charge and fastened together into a whole.

The thickness of the layers (12) is significantly greater than the critical thickness of the detonation of the substance of which they are made. The thickness of the layers (11) is less than the critical thickness of the detonation of the substance of which they are made and is sufficient to prevent the transmission of detonation from one layer (12) to the next layer (12). The detonation engine is equipped with a system for alternately initiating detonation in the layers (12). The system consists in the fact that every two adjacent layers (12) are connected by a “diving” column (13) passing through the layer (11) located between the two layers (12) in question. The material of the columns is the same as the material of the layers (12). The columns (13) are located along the periphery of the layers (12). Every two consecutive columns (13) are located diametrically opposite to each other and are shifted along the circumference by an angle ϕ

where n is the number of pairs of layers (11) and (12) of the DD.

The initiation of layers (11) made of a substance with low detonation capacity occurs in the vicinity of the “diving” columns (13), where three shock waves sequentially impact the material of the layer (11): a shock wave from the lower layer (12), a shock wave from the “diving” column (13), and a shock wave from the upper layer (12).

The bottom OZBC consists of a housing (20) with an explosive charge (21) placed in it, ready-made incendiary elements (FIE) (22) located in tubes (23), and an initiation unit (24). The housing of the bottom OZBC is fastened to the DD by means of bolted connections (14), cut off by a detonating extended charge (18).

A damping gasket (19) is placed between the bottom OZBC and the DD, reducing the negative impact at the moment of separation of the bottom OZBC from the DD.

It is proposed to use devices according to the Russian Federation patent for invention RU F42B 12/44 No. 2332632 as ready-made ignition elements.

The device can operate in the following modes:

explosion in the air of the entire BP above the target at a height of h;

explosion of the entire munition upon contact with the target contour;

explosion in the air of the bottom OZBC at a height of h, detonation of the GBC with DD upon contact with the target contour;

explosion in the air of the bottom OZBC at a height of h, remote launch of the DD, detonation of the GBC inside the target;

explosion of the bottom OZBC with the launch of a DD upon contact with the target contour, detonation of the GBC inside the target;

explosion of the bottom OZBC and DD upon contact, detonation of the GBC inside the target;

explosion of the bottom OZBC upon contact with the target contour, detonation of the warhead and DD inside the target;

detonation of the entire power plant inside the target.

In general, the UBC functions as follows.

1. When the missile approaches the target (an aircraft carrier is selected as an example), upon command from the initiation unit (24), the bottom OZBC is separated by cutting off the bolted connections (14) when the DUS (18) is triggered, followed by detonation and the formation of a fragmentation-incendiary destruction field.

In the operating mode, when the bottom OZBC explodes on the target contour when the GBC and DD penetrate into the target’s behind-the-obstacle space, the signal for separation of the bottom OZBC is sent from the contact sensor (1).

In the event of a complete detonation at a distance from the target, the command to separate the bottom OZBC from the DD is not given, but an instant detonation of the entire warhead occurs.

2. In the operating modes on the circuit, the explosive charges of the bottom OZBC, GBC (21, 4) are triggered and the layers of explosives (11, 12) placed in the DD are detonated by the action of the cumulative jet of the cumulative charge (7). The effect on the target in these operating modes will be due to the high-explosive-fragmentation-incendiary field of destruction. The explosive charges of the bottom OZBC, GBC (21, 4) and the layers of explosives (11, 12) of the DD are triggered by a signal from the initiation units of the bottom OZBC, GBC and DD (24, 5, 6), respectively.

3. In the modes of operation behind an obstacle, the penetrating effect of the UBC is determined by the mass and size characteristics of the means of destruction, its speed of impact with the obstacle and, if necessary, additional speed developed due to the operation of the DD in cases of insufficient impact energy (maximum firing ranges, critical angles of approach of the ammunition to the target causing a ricochet, increased strength of the obstacle) for penetration into the target’s space behind the obstacle.

The damping gasket (19), made of polymeric materials, protects the explosive charge (21) of the OZBC from premature detonation when the warhead operates in the mode of full penetration into the target’s behind-the-obstacle space.

4. The operation of the DD as an accelerator of the unified warhead occurs as follows.

The DD charge is alternately arranged layers of explosives (12, 11) with high and low detonation capacity, with a thickness of Δ₁₁and Δ₁₂ respectively.

After disconnecting the casing of the bottom OZBC (20) from the casing of the DD (8), a command is given to start the DD spark plug (15), which in turn detonates the first layer (12) of explosives with high detonation capacity. Simultaneously with the operation of the DD spark plug (15), a signal is given to trigger the pyrobolts (16), which disrupt the fastening of the DD cover (17) to the casing (8).

Under the action of the shock wave of the high explosive placed inside the DD and the inertia of the warhead movement, the cover (17) is ejected from the DD body (8), thereby freeing up space for the release of the resulting mass of gaseous detonation products and creating conditions for the formation of a reactive force.

The thickness of the explosive layer (12) with high detonation capacity exceeds the value of its critical detonation diameter d _cr .

The thickness of the explosive layer (11) with low detonation capacity is inferior to the value of its critical detonation diameter and is determined by the critical thickness of the barrier preventing the propagation of detonation through influences, performing the role of a damper in these modes of operation of the warhead and is determined by the expression (Kobylkin I.F. Excitation and propagation of explosive transformations in explosive charges / I.F. Kobylkin V.V. Selivanov. - Moscow: Publishing House of Moscow State Technical University named after N.E. Bauman, 2015. - 354 p.)

where d ₁ , ρ ₁ , Δ ₁ , D ₁ are the diameter, height, density and velocity of the layer of (active) explosives with a high detonation velocity; K ₁ is the coefficient characterizing the damping properties of the barrier; d _kp1 is the critical diameter of detonation of the layer of (passive) explosives with a high detonation velocity; K ₂ is the coefficient characterizing the shock wave sensitivity of the passive charge of explosives.

The transfer of detonation from the first layer of explosives (12) with high detonation capacity to the second and subsequent similar layers is transferred by means of "diving" columns (detonators) (13), installed in a spiral from the first layer of explosives (12) with high detonation capacity to the last layer of explosives (12) with high detonation capacity and passing through layers (11) with low detonation capacity. The number of detonators (13) is determined by the number of layers of explosives (11) with low detonation capacity.

The magnitude of the specific impulse DD is determined by the expression

where D ₁₁ , D ₁₂ are the detonation velocities of the explosive composition (11) and (12); Δ ₁₁ , Δ ₁₂ are the thickness of the layers of the explosive composition (11) and (12); ρ ₁₁ , ρ ₁₂ are the densities of the explosive composition (11) and (12); ϕ ₁₁ , ϕ ₁₂ are the mass fractions of the explosive composition (11) and (12) determined by the expressions

The technical result obtained by implementing the proposed device consists in increasing the effectiveness of action and expanding the combat capabilities, first of all, of anti-ship missiles when striking aircraft carriers (helicopter carriers), due to the simultaneous destruction of easily vulnerable targets with flammable materials openly located on the deck and targets located in under-deck spaces (hangars with aircraft, ammunition cellars, command posts, etc.). The dual-mode DD expands the combat capabilities of the unified warhead.

Sources of information

1. Patent RU No. 206148 F42B 12/02, F42B 12/32, F42B 12/44, 2021 (analogue).

2. Patent RU No. 2238513 F42B 12/06, 10/14, 2004

3. Patent RU No. 2291375 with F42B 12/06, 2005 (prototype).

4. Patent for invention RU No. 2332632. F42B 12/44, 2006.

5. Patent RU No. 2239774 F42B 1/00, 2002

6. Patent RU No. 2491440 F02K 9/12, 2011

7. Kobylkin I.F. Excitation and propagation of explosive transformations in explosive charges / I.F. Kobylkin, V.V. Selivanov. - Moscow: Publishing house of Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 2015. - 354 p.

8. Ammunition: textbook: in 2 volumes/under the general editorship of V.V. Selivanov. - B75 Moscow: Publishing House of Bauman Moscow State Technical University, 2016.

Claims (1)

A warhead comprising a warhead housing with an explosive charge, a detonation engine and a detonating device, characterized in that the warhead consists of a penetrating warhead, a detonation engine and a base fragmentation-incendiary part arranged in series, the warhead housing contains an explosive charge of the warhead, a detonation engine initiation unit, a cumulative charge with a recess facing the detonation engine housing, the connection of the warhead with the detonation engine is provided by bolted connections, the detonation engine consists of a housing in which alternating layers of explosives with high and low detonation capacity are placed, arranged in a direction transverse to the charge axis and fastened together into a whole, wherein the thickness of the layers with high detonation capacity is greater than the critical detonation thickness of the substance from which they are made, the thickness of the layers with low detonation capacity is less than the critical detonation thickness of the substance from which they are made and is sufficient to prevent the transfer of detonation from one layer to high detonation capability to the subsequent layer with high detonation capability, wherein every two adjacent layers with high detonation capability are connected by detonators passing through a layer with low detonation capability located between the two considered layers with high detonation capability, and between the bottom fragmentation-igniter part and the detonation engine a damping gasket is placed, reducing the negative impact at the moment of separation of the bottom fragmentation-igniter part from the detonation engine, wherein the bottom fragmentation-igniter part consists of a housing with an explosive charge placed in it, ready-made incendiary elements and an initiation unit, wherein the housing of the bottom fragmentation-igniter part is fastened to the detonation engine by means of bolted connections made with the possibility of being cut off by the detonating charge.