RU229430U1 - Device for temporary stopping of external arteriovenous bleeding in the order of self-help - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to medical equipment, in particular, to devices for first aid, and is intended for temporary stopping of external arteriovenous bleeding in the self-help manner. The device consists of a multilayer spandex napkin, in which two tunnels for tourniquets are made, wherein the first tunnel is made in the upper part of the napkin between the lower and subsequent layers of the napkin, the second tunnel is made at a distance of at least 2 cm below the first tunnel between the upper and underlying layers of the napkin, rubberized elastic tourniquets with a fabric base 3 cm wide and at least 80 cm long each are passed into the napkin tunnels, at the ends of both tourniquets fasteners with a limiting ratchet mechanism are fixed. The device allows performing manipulations with one hand for a short period of time, dosing compression, focusing on the condition and time, while maintaining the effect of the pressure bandage on the wound during manipulation with the upper tourniquet of the device.

Description

The utility model relates to medical equipment, in particular, to devices for providing first aid and is intended for temporary stopping of external arteriovenous bleeding as a self-help measure.

Currently, the first step in stopping external bleeding is to apply firm pressure with a gauze swab and then apply a tight pressure bandage to the bleeding site in the wound. In case of arterial bleeding, an additional measure is to apply an arterial tourniquet above the bleeding site (First Aid. A tutorial for persons required and/or entitled to provide first aid. Moscow: Federal State Budgetary Institution "TsNIIOIZ" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, 2018, 68 p. L.I.Dezhurny, Yu.S.Shoigu, S.A.Gumenyuk, G.V.Neudakhin, A.Yu.Zakurdaeva, A.Kolodkin, O.L.Kurov, L.Yu.Kichanova, A.Yu.Zakurdaeva, A.A.Emke); (Order of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia dated 04.05.2012 No. 477n “On approval of the list of conditions for which first aid is provided, and the list of measures to provide first aid”).

The disadvantages of known devices include the following:

- if one of the arms is injured, applying a tight pressure bandage when providing self-help is practically impossible or will require a significant amount of time - up to several minutes, which increases the risk of developing an unfavorable outcome;

- the application of an arterial tourniquet when providing self-help also requires the use of two hands to ensure a good compression effect, and if one of the hands is injured, the task of applying an arterial tourniquet is significantly complicated and requires a significant amount of time, which increases the risk of developing an unfavorable outcome;

- unregulated excessive compression when applying an arterial tourniquet can lead to damage to the skin, compression of nerve trunks, severe limb ischemia and subsequent amputation.

The use of a venous tourniquet to stop bleeding is also not justified, since in the case of venous bleeding, applying a tourniquet above the site of bleeding will not stop it, and in the case of excessive tension it will lead to the cessation of arterial blood flow and ischemia of the limb, which is excessive and not required to stop venous bleeding.

A device is known for stopping bleeding in case of damage to the vessels of the extremities, which contains a hemostatic tourniquet in the form of a tape or cord placed in a tunnel, which is formed by the fabric of the clothes and sewn to it around the circumference at the level of the upper third of the sleeve and trouser leg with strips of fabric, and the ends of the tourniquet are connected to the ends of a twist made of a hard material, for example, plastic or wood (patent for utility model RU43447). A disadvantage of the utility model is the need for special clothing, in which the device is placed, the device is limited to the places of application and can only be used for arterial bleeding.

Also known is a device for stopping arterial bleeding - the third-generation tourniquet TAKTIK-X, which is not indicated for stopping venous bleeding and does not provide for the application of a pressure bandage to the wound.

The objective is to develop a device that provides dosed compression of vessels and tissues in the wound area for quick and safe temporary stopping of external arteriovenous bleeding, in the order of self-help, performing the functions of both a pressure bandage and an arterial tourniquet.

The technical result is a dosed compression of vessels and tissues in the wound area when stopping external arteriovenous bleeding as a self-help measure.

The technical result is achieved by a device characterized by the fact that it includes a stitched napkin made of several layers of spandex with a designation applied to the outer side, defining the top of the napkin when the device is placed on the limb, two tunnels for tourniquets are made in the napkin, wherein the first tunnel is made in the upper part of the napkin between the lower and subsequent layers of the napkin, the second tunnel is made at a distance of at least 2 cm below the first between the upper and underlying layers of the napkin, rubberized elastic tourniquets with a fabric base 3 cm wide and at least 80 cm long each are passed into the napkin tunnels, fasteners with a limiting ratchet mechanism are secured at the ends of both tourniquets.

The device includes a stitched multilayer spandex napkin. On the outer side of the napkin there is a designation defining the top of the napkin when the device is placed on the limb. In the napkin there are two tunnels for tourniquets, ensuring their free movement. The first tunnel is made in the upper part of the napkin at its edge between the lower and subsequent layers of the napkin. The second tunnel is made at a distance of at least 2 cm below the first tunnel between the upper and underlying layers of the napkin. Rubberized elastic tourniquets with a fabric base 3 cm wide and at least 80 cm long each are passed through the tunnels. On each of the tourniquets at one end there is one fastener with a limiting ratchet mechanism, ensuring the ability to tighten the tourniquet in one direction and limit the movement in the opposite direction.

The device is used as follows. The ends of the tourniquets are placed in the fasteners and pulled out. The device is placed on the injured limb in accordance with the designation applied on the outside, which determines the top of the napkin when the device is placed on the limb of the device, positioning it in the center of the wound. The tourniquet located in the second tunnel is pulled by the free end in the direction "towards you" until the napkin is pressed as much as possible. Then the tourniquet located in the first tunnel is pulled by the free end until the bleeding stops. No later than an hour after application, the tension of the upper tourniquet is loosened by opening the fastener. If bleeding resumes, the tourniquet is tightened again.

Thus, the device allows to protect the wound from contamination, stop bleeding, eliminate excessive compression and damage to subcutaneous structures and the skin itself. Focusing on the condition and time, dose the tension, while maintaining the effect of the pressure bandage on the wound during manipulation with the upper tourniquet of the device. Using the device allows you to perform manipulations with one hand in a short period of time.

Example 1.

A healthy volunteer, a man, 55 years old, right-handed. Clothing - a short-sleeved T-shirt. The task was to apply the proposed device to a suspected wound of the right shoulder measuring 3x3 cm (the contours of the suspected wound were applied to the skin with a marker). To control the operation of the device, palpation of the pulse on the right radial artery, pulse oximetry on the index finger of the right hand and timing were performed.

With his left hand, the volunteer removed the device from the polyethylene packaging. The device is laid out: the ends of the tourniquets are inserted into the fasteners with a limiting ratchet mechanism, the tourniquets form a loop, the free end is 15 cm. The device was oriented according to the designation determining the top and put on with the left hand on the right so that the device napkin covered the suspected wound and the lower tourniquet was as close as possible to the center of the wound. He took the free end of the lower tourniquet with his left hand and pulled it towards himself until the tourniquet completely stopped moving. In this case, the device napkin pressed tightly to the skin of the hand, exerting compression on the wound. The device is securely fixed on the limb. With his left hand, the volunteer intercepted the free end of the upper tourniquet and smoothly pulled it towards himself. It took 19 seconds to set the device to the working position. The peripheral pulse saturation value was 92-94%. The volunteer checked the pulsation on the right radial artery - the pulse is weak. He tightened the upper tourniquet with his left hand until the pulse on the right radial artery completely disappeared. After 10 minutes, the pulse saturation value was in the range of 60 to 70%. The volunteer noted the appearance of paresthesia - "goosebumps" and a feeling of tingling and numbness in the right palm and forearm. The skin in this area was pale. After 10 minutes, he loosened the clasp of the upper tourniquet. Pulsation on the radial artery was restored. Within 5 minutes, the skin became pink and warm, sensitivity in the right palm and forearm was restored. The peripheral pulse oximetric saturation value was 99%. He unfastened the clasp of the lower tourniquet with his left hand and removed the device from the right shoulder. No traces of damage to the skin were found at the site of application of the device.

Example 2.

A healthy volunteer, male, 23 years old, right-handed. A wound on the right shin was simulated with signs of mixed arteriovenous bleeding from the wound. Clothing - trousers. The timer was turned on. For control, palpation of the pulse on the plantar artery and pulse oximetry on the 2nd toe of the right foot were performed.

Using both hands, the volunteer removed the device from the plastic packaging. Using both hands, rolled up the trousers to the knee on the right. Using both hands, unfastened the fasteners on both tourniquets. Oriented the designation defining the top of the device on the outer surface towards himself. Installed the device so that the device napkin was located directly above the wound, as close as possible to the center of the wound, and pulled the free end of the lower tourniquet with his right hand towards the left leg ("towards himself") until the tourniquet completely stopped moving. In this case, the device napkin pressed tightly to the skin of the leg, exerting compression on the wound. The device is securely fixed to the limb. With his right hand, the volunteer intercepted the free end of the upper tourniquet and smoothly pulled it in the direction "towards himself". The tourniquet is securely fixed. It took 30 seconds to install the device. Checked the pulsation on the right lateral plantar artery. When palpating the pulse, a significant weakening of the pulsation was determined. The peripheral pulse saturation value was 92-95%. The upper tourniquet was tightened until the pulse on the right lateral plantar artery completely disappeared. They waited for 10 minutes. The pulse saturation value was in the range from 60 to 70%. The volunteer noted the appearance of paresthesia - "goose bumps" and a feeling of tingling and numbness in the right foot. The skin in this area was pale. After 10 minutes, he loosened the fastener of the upper tourniquet, and the tension of the tourniquet weakened. Pulsation in the plantar artery was restored. Within 5 minutes, the skin became pink and warm, sensitivity in the right foot was restored. The peripheral pulse oximetric saturation value was 97%. With his right hand, he unfastened the fastener of the lower tourniquet and the tension of the tourniquet weakened. With his left hand, he removed the device from his right shin. No traces of damage to the skin were found at the site of application of the device.

Claims (1)

A device for temporary stopping of external arteriovenous bleeding in the course of self-help, characterized in that it includes a stitched napkin made of spandex layers with a designation applied to the outer side to determine the top of the napkin when placing the device on the limb, two tunnels for tourniquets are made in the napkin; the first tunnel is made in the upper part of the napkin between the lower and subsequent layers of the napkin, the second tunnel is made at a distance of at least 2 cm below the first tunnel between the upper and underlying layers of the napkin, rubberized elastic tourniquets with a fabric base 3 cm wide and at least 80 cm long each are passed into the tunnels for tourniquets, fasteners with a limiting ratchet mechanism are secured at the ends of both tourniquets; the tourniquet located in the second tunnel is made with the possibility of maximum possible pressing of the napkin, and the tourniquet located in the first tunnel is made with the possibility of stopping bleeding; the fastener with a limiting ratchet mechanism of the tourniquet located in the first tunnel is designed with the possibility of loosening the tension of the tourniquet located in the first tunnel by opening the fastener with a limiting ratchet mechanism.