RU2292235C2 - Device for intensification of material transformation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemical or physical processes.

SUBSTANCE: device comprises means for additional physical and chemical effect on the material in the housing for the main effect. The means are made of devices for generating alternative current in the conducting housing and comprise the current control unit whose outlet is connected with the housing. The unit has filter block, block for automatic control of amplification, block for measuring amplitude and/or frequency, block for generating pulses, output amplifier, and receiver of external electromagnetic radiation connected with the input of the block for current control.

EFFECT: reduced power consumption and enhanced safety.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices that accelerate the main process of converting a substance (for example, converting water to steam) by creating simultaneously with the main effect (heating) an auxiliary physico-chemical effect, which reduces the conversion time (heating time).

There are various devices that accelerate the main technological processes with an additional effect on the substance (see, for example, AS 288610, class B 28 C 9/10, AS 1414785, class C 02 F 1/48, patent RU 2026266, class C 02 F 1/48, patent SU 1811421, class B 02 C 19/18, patent RU 2137548, class B 02 C 19/18, patent RU 2199491, class C 02 F 1/463) . Usually an additional effect is created by an electromagnetic field (see, for example, Klassen V.I. Magnetization of water systems. M: Chemistry, 1982, chap. IV, pp. 145-158, chap. V, pp. 166-286).

The advantage of such devices is that additional, for example magnetic, water treatment allows to increase the efficiency of the main technological process and improve the properties of the product. All this is accompanied by significant economic efficiency.

The disadvantage of analog devices is that their implementation requires significant energy costs and the creation of additional expensive and bulky equipment containing systems of electromagnetic nodes (inductors), which are concentrated in the form of solenoids (AS 1414785) or distributed, for example, in the form of a tubular inductor (patent RU 2199491).

Known devices that accelerate the main process without significant energy costs and without complex equipment.

Closest to the proposed device is the patent RU No. 2137548, class. In 02 C 19/18 under the name "Device and method for intensification of processes of a physical, chemical and / or physico-chemical nature", which we choose as a prototype.

The prototype device contains means of physico-chemical effects on the material, which are means of applying an alternating electric potential to a material in solid, liquid, gaseous and / or vapor form. The potential application means are configured to supply an alternating electric potential directly to the material or to the container in which the material is located through a single electrode. The frequency of the electric field in the prototype device is from 1.0 Hz to 1 kHz, and the potential is in the range from 1 to 300 V.

The advantage of the prototype device is that with its help, an auxiliary physicochemical effect on a substance is created by applying an alternating electric potential to dielectric materials through a single electrode simultaneously with the main process, for example, grinding cement in a drum mill. As a result, according to the patent, the main process of substance conversion is accelerated, significant energy expenditures are not required, mill productivity is increased, and additional expensive equipment is not required.

The disadvantage of the prototype device is that the electric potential can be applied only to dielectric materials and to dielectric housings having a high electrical resistance, create only an electric field in them and obtain the capacitive or piezoelectric effects described in the patent. It is useless to apply potential to metal (electrically conductive) housings, since it is known that the field inside the electrically conductive potential-charged hollow ball (to which the metal casings of a drum mill or crusher can be attributed) is zero. When the potential is applied to such a housing, no effect on the substance located in the housing occurs (see, for example, Sivukhin D.V. General course of physics. Volume 2. Electricity. M: Nauka, 1983, p. 35, p. 37 )

Thus, the means used in the prototype device do not provide acceleration of the conversion process of a substance located in an electrically conductive housing.

In addition, figure 1 of the patent prototype shows that the output of block 3, from which the potential is supplied, is grounded, and the processing means 4 (including the housing), to which the potential is supplied, are not grounded. As a result, to implement the prototype device, it is necessary to isolate the metal case of the crusher (mill), which is under voltage reaching 300 V according to the patent, from grounded surfaces and take measures to ensure the safety of maintenance personnel.

Thus, the use of a prototype device to accelerate the main process in substances located in electrically conductive cases causes significant difficulties.

The objective of the invention is to provide a device to accelerate the conversion process of a substance placed in an electrically conductive housing for the main impact, with minimal energy consumption and ensuring electrical safety.

This problem is solved due to the fact that, firstly, in the device according to the invention, the means of additional physicochemical action on the substance are means for generating an alternating electric current in an electrically conductive housing, which comprise a current control unit connected to the output by the housing, consisting of a filter unit connected in series , an automatic gain control unit, an amplitude and / or frequency change unit, a pulse shaping unit, and an output amplifier.

Secondly, due to the fact that the current generating means comprise an external electromagnetic radiation receiver connected to the input of the current control unit.

Thirdly, due to the fact that the amplitude and / or frequency of the current is changed cyclically in the selected range.

Fourth, due to the fact that the main effect is heating to convert water to steam.

The essence of the proposed device is illustrated by drawings of figure 1, figure 2. Figure 1 schematically shows the means of creating current in the housing. Figure 2 shows the structure of the current control unit.

In figure 1, figure 2 adopted the following notation.

1 - current control unit, BUT;

2 - electrically conductive housing, EPA;

3 - receiver of external radiation, PVI;

4 - filter block, BF;

5 - block automatic gain control, AGC;

6 - block changes in amplitude and frequency, BIAC;

7 - pulse shaping unit, BFI;

8 - output amplifier, WU.

In the proposed device, in contrast to the prototype device, the means of additional exposure to the substance are means of creating an alternating electric current in the electrically conductive housing in which the substance is located.

To create an electric current simultaneously with the main effect (for example, heating), two typical contacts (terminals) are installed on the housing with the substance, electrically connected to the housing and located at the necessary (usually maximum) distance from each other. Depending on the design of the housing, the distance between these contacts in the proposed device can range from a few centimeters (for example, in a boiler, kettle) to several meters (for example, when heating water in the pipes of a steam generator).

In the proposed device (Fig. 1), the means for generating current in the housing comprise a current control unit (BUT 1) connected to an electrically conductive housing (EPK 2) by an output. The unit BUT provides the required nature of the flow of current through the housing 2, due to the properties of the substance, as well as the relationship between the main and additional impact. It provides the formation of current in a given range of amplitudes and frequencies, as well as the formation of a given law of change of these parameters over time. In addition, due to the fact that the BUT unit is connected to the housing 2 by the output, it provides low-impedance load, which is EPA 2 (Claims 1).

It is known that to generate an electrical signal of alternating current, an electronic generator is used, similar to that installed in the prototype device. However, in the proposed device, in contrast to the known ones, the means for generating current (Fig. 1) contain PVI 3 of external electromagnetic radiation (antenna), which is connected to the input of the BUT 1. The receiver 3 is a source of a wide range of signals (including high-frequency) that allows in block 1 to generate the necessary currents in the desired frequency range without a generator (paragraph 2 of the claims).

Block BUT 1 (figure 2) contains connected in series filter block BF 4, AGC block 5, block BIAC 6, block BFI 7 and the output amplifier VU 8.

The BF 4 unit contains a broadband filter (or several filters), which provides the selection of signals in a given frequency range.

The AGC block 5 contains an operational amplifier with an adjustable gain. The adjustment is carried out in such a way that the signal level at the output corresponds to the set at any (non-zero) signal level at the input.

Block BIACh 6 contains a narrow-band filter with tunable resonant frequency control signal. The tuning is carried out by a constant voltage, as a result of which there is a change in the frequency of the output signal in a given range according to a given law.

To change the amplitude in the unit BIACH 6 installed operational amplifier with a controlled transmission coefficient. The control is also carried out by a constant voltage, similar to that discussed above for frequency.

Block BFI 7 contains a Converter, the pulse width at the output of which corresponds to the amplitude of the input signal.

The output amplifier VU 8 is a rectangular pulse amplifier, which ensures the operation of the BUT unit at a low impedance load, which is EPA 2 (Claims 1).

To accelerate the process of conversion of matter is of great importance the choice of the range of amplitudes and the frequency range of the additional effects on the substance with alternating current. These ranges depend on the resonant (perceiving) properties of the substance, on its aggregate state (solid, liquid, gas or vapor), as well as on the amplitude and frequency emissivity of the housing in which the substance is under the main influence.

To accelerate the process of substance conversion, it is important not only to determine the frequency range, but also it is advisable to change the frequency of the current and, accordingly, the frequency of exposure to the substance in the selected range from minimum to maximum value (and / or vice versa) cyclically. Only in this case will the frequencies necessary for the destruction of intermolecular bonds be created. Frequency values depend on the size of molecular formations, including those caused by preliminary fractures.

Similar considerations apply to the amplitude of the current (amplitude of exposure), which is also advisable to change cyclically. In the proposed device, the ranges of amplitudes and / or frequencies of influence, as well as their cyclic change, are formed using the SIW unit 6 (claim 3 of the claims).

Difficulties of additional exposure to substances in electrically conductive housings are especially evident in steam generators, in metal pipes of which the water temperature exceeds 100 ° C, and therefore, water is not simultaneously affected by heating.

In the proposed device for the first time, it is possible to accelerate processes simultaneously with the main effect, which is the heating of water for conversion to steam (paragraph 4 of the claims).

With the simultaneous action of heating water and currents passing through the housing, the destruction of molecular chains (clusters) is faster and the rate of steam formation increases. For the destruction of clusters does not require large expenditures of auxiliary energy, since the main part of the energy is introduced by the main impact, heating. As a result, the heating time is reduced and energy or fuel is saved.

When passing an alternating electric current through the body, a complex effect of various types of energy on molecular formations and on charged particles in a substance occurs. Under the influence of electromagnetic radiation from the body, not only electrical and magnetic, but also electro- and hydrodynamic resonance processes occur in a substance. In addition, due to the galvanic connection of the electric currents of the housing with the substance, the substance is supplied with electrons.

The frequency range of the effective effects of alternating current flowing through the body of the steam generator on the water in it is in the high-frequency region (1 MHz), significantly exceeding the frequency region of the prototype device. The effective current is a few milliamps. The voltage applied to the grounded case from the BUT unit does not exceed 1 V, which is completely safe for maintenance personnel.

By passing an alternating electric current through the housing with the help of the proposed device, it is possible to effectively act on a substance located in the electrically conductive housing under another main influence (for example, grinding). In this case, high currents do not develop in the substance, heating does not occur, and bonds in the ensembles of molecules are destroyed, which helps to accelerate the main process.

The operation of the proposed device is as follows.

From the receiver PVI 3 (antenna) (figure 1) to the input of the unit BUT 1 receives a wide range of frequencies (white noise). Using block BF 4 (figure 2) from this spectrum is allocated the frequency range necessary for exposure to a particular substance or group of substances that is close in frequency. The signals of these frequencies may vary in amplitude, so they enter the AGC block 5, in which the signal amplitudes are aligned to a predetermined level.

After that, the signal enters the SILC unit 6, in which one frequency is cyclically sequentially selected from the range (with an acceptable discrete interval or continuously) according to the law specified in the cycle (for example, linear). If necessary, according to a similar law, the amplitude is changed.

In the unit 6, it is possible to supply a signal at the same frequency at different amplitudes, as well as at the same amplitude and different frequencies of the range.

From the BIAC block 6, the signal enters the BFI block 7, in which rectangular pulses of a certain width and duty cycle are formed. The advantage of a pulsed action on a substance is that, in addition to the fundamental frequency, the pulse contains multiple harmonics; therefore, the action on the substance is also carried out at frequencies that are multiples of the fundamental.

From the output of the BFI unit 7, the signal enters the amplifier VU 8, which creates the necessary current in a low-impedance load, which is the EPK 2 case.

From the current flowing through the body of EPA 2, a complex effect on the substance by high-frequency electric and magnetic fields occurs, as well as galvanic coupling of the substance with the currents in the housing is ensured, as a result of which large molecular formations in the substance break up into small parts and the process of substance transformation (for example, water conversion in steam) is significantly accelerated at low cost of additional energy and ensuring electrical safety.

Thus, due to the fact that in the proposed device, the means of additional physicochemical exposure are means of creating an alternating electric current in the electrically conductive housing in which the substance is located, it was possible to implement processes in conductive and non-conductive environments located both in grounded and in non-grounded buildings, impracticable by the application of potential in the device prototype.

A significant advantage of the proposed device over the well-known is that to ensure auxiliary effects it is not necessary to change the design of the housing in which the substance is located and to create special additional expensive and bulky equipment.

Due to the fact that the means of creating current in the housing contain a current control unit connected by an output to the housing, using the proposed device it was possible to provide the necessary effect on the substance in a given range of amplitudes and frequencies.

A significant advantage of the proposed device over the well-known is that in it the means of creating a current instead of a signal generator contain a receiver of external electromagnetic radiation.

Of great importance for accelerating the processes of substance conversion is the cyclic change in the amplitude and / or frequency of the current in the required range, which is implemented in the proposed device, since in this case it is possible to cover a wide range of influences in the medium, the properties of which change as the main and additional influences.

Due to the flow of weak currents through the housing when using the proposed device, not only the necessary effect on the substance is ensured, but, unlike the prototype device, the electrical safety of staff is ensured.

Significant advantages over the known are provided by the present invention in devices in which the main effect is the heating of water to convert to steam. They not only reduce the process time and save energy. When an alternating electric current flows through the electrically conductive body, adhesion occurs, as a result of which the scale on the walls of the steam generator (boiler) is eliminated and the formation of a new scale is prevented. Under the influence of an electric current flowing through the body, there is an effect on salts in the water, which turn into a gel and are easily eliminated when washing the boiler.

The proposed device can be successfully applied not only to accelerate vaporization, but also to accelerate other processes.

So, for example, when connecting the proposed device to the metal casing of the ball mill, in which the cement clinker is crushed, the degree of grinding increases. As a result, the fraction of fine fractions at the outlet increases and / or the time for obtaining the fraction of the required size is reduced, i.e. productivity increases.

Thus, the task: the creation of a device to accelerate the conversion process of a substance placed in an electrically conductive housing for the main impact, with minimal energy consumption and ensuring electrical safety, is completely solved.

Evaluation of the effectiveness of the proposed device was carried out by measuring the time of boiling water without additional exposure and with it. For this, water of the same volume equal to 3 liters was poured into a metal vessel with the same initial temperature, the vessel was mounted on a constant power heater and the time of heating the water to a temperature of 100 ° C was measured. As a result of the measurements, it turned out that the heating time without additional exposure was 15.5 minutes, and when passing through the vessel’s body simultaneously with heating an electric current of 5 mA at a frequency of 1 MHz, the heating time was 13 minutes. As a result, the acceleration of the process of boiling water (decrease in heating time) was 16.1%.

With a cyclical change in the frequency of the current in the range 900 kHz - 1100 kHz, the boiling point was reached after 12.8 minutes, i.e. efficiency was 18%.

It follows that when using the proposed device provides savings in electrical (thermal) energy, reduces the time of the process and increases the productivity of the equipment.

Thus, with the help of the proposed “Device for accelerating the process of substance conversion”, the efficiency of technological processes in the power industry, petrochemicals, mining and other industries can be increased.

Claims (4)

1. A device for accelerating the process of conversion of a substance containing means of additional physico-chemical effects on the substance placed in the housing for the main impact, characterized in that the means of additional exposure are means of creating alternating electric current in an electrically conductive housing, which contain an output connected to the housing current control unit, consisting of series-connected filter unit, automatic gain control unit, change unit a amplitudes and / or frequencies of the pulse forming unit and the output amplifier. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the current generating means comprise an external electromagnetic radiation receiver connected to the input of the current control unit. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the amplitude and / or frequency of the current is changed cyclically in the selected range. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the main effect is the heating of water to convert to steam.

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