RU2292195C1 - Apparatus for processing of fibrous raw plant material into feed - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, processing of raw plant material into feed, may be used in animal farming.

SUBSTANCE: apparatus has raw material processing unit provided with charging and discharge devices. Said unit is made in the form of cylindrical reservoirs of different diameter fixed within one another and connected with one another through steam pipeline via electromagnetic valve. Internal reservoir is communicating with discharge device, is made hollow and is positioned centrally of external reservoir, at a distance h=(0.25+0.05)d from its bottom, where d is diameter of internal reservoir, and ratio between internal diameter d and external diameter D is defined as d:D=1:(1.3-1.5). Internal reservoir has cover incorporating sensors for controlling upper and lower levels of raw material placed within reprocessing unit, pressure registering manometer, excessive pressure valve, and electromagnetic valve for additional pulsed feeding of steam. External reservoir is communicating with discharge device and is provided with valve located in its lower part and designed for feeding of open overheated steam. Sensors for controlling level of raw material to be processed are incorporated within internal reservoir cover and adapted for generating signals indicative of excessive emptying of said unit. Electromagnetic valves and raw material level sensors are connected with control unit.

EFFECT: increased efficiency in producing from fibrous plant material of feed having increased nutrient value owing to increased amount of readily digestive components provided by processing technology.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture, and in particular to devices for processing coarse plant materials and crop waste into feed, and is intended for use in feed production.

A device for processing straw for feed [US Pat. RF №3038031, publ. 1995.06.27]. The feed straw is cut with knives installed in a certain way on the inner surface of the hull, then the feed is pressed and unloaded.

A device for processing corn vegetable raw materials or straw, containing a heated (from 30 to 100 ° C) cylindrical extruder, a rotating screw, holes for feeding and unloading raw materials, means for heating and cooling between the ends of the cylinder, a supply tank containing liquid ammonia under pressure, feed line with a pump, a system for explosive loosening of lignocellulosic material using liquid ammonia [WO No. 99/56555 of 11.11.1999, application RU No.2000127138, publ. 2002.11.20].

However, these devices do not provide deep processing of raw materials to easily digestible components and good quality feed.

The closest to the claimed solution in essence of the processes occurring in it is a device made in the form of two communicating vessels 60-65 m high, filled with water. In the place of communication vessels is a heating unit [Pat. RF №2028789, publ. 1995.02.20] (prototype). The processing of straw in it is in an aqueous medium under a pressure of 6.5 atmospheres and a temperature of 158-162 ° C.

However, this prototype device is cumbersome, expensive and not convenient to operate, especially in smallholder farms. In addition, this device does not provide high quality feed from processed raw materials.

The objective of the invention is the creation of a device that is convenient for use both in large and small farms, allowing to obtain feed from coarse plant materials with high nutritional value by increasing the yield during processing of easily digestible components, such as sugars and digestible proteins. The use of these feeds makes it possible to increase the efficiency of milk and meat production.

The technical result of the claimed device is a deeper hydrolysis of coarse vegetable raw materials, providing increased nutritional value and improved digestibility of feed by increasing the yield during processing of easily digestible components, for example, sugars, digestible proteins.

The problem is solved by the proposed device.

The drawing shows a General view of the device in section.

The device consists of two cylindrical containers of different diameters, fixed one in the other. The inner hollow cylindrical tank is located in the center of the outer tank and at a certain distance h from its bottom, and the shape of the bottom can be either flat or convex. The diameters of the inner vessel d and the outer vessel D and the distance h are selected so that:

d: D = 1: (1.3 ÷ 1.5)

h = (0.25 ± 0.05) d

The device is equipped with cranes for supplying raw materials 4 and for unloading feed 5. In the lower part of the outer cylindrical container there is a crane 6 for supplying acute superheated steam. Sensors 8, 9 are installed in the lid of the device’s internal container for monitoring the level (upper and lower) of the processed raw materials in the apparatus, a pressure gauge Р for recording pressure, a valve 12 for overpressure relief, and an electromagnetic valve 13 for additional pulsed supply of sharp steam. Sensors 10, 11 are installed in the lid of the device’s external container. An electromagnetic valve 14 is located on the steam line connecting the upper parts of the internal and external containers to equalize the level of the suspension. Solenoid valves 13 and 14 and level sensors are connected to the control unit 15.

The proposed device operates as follows.

A thick suspension formed in the mixer 1 from pre-ground raw materials mixed with a 0.3-0.4% hydrochloric acid solution at a temperature of 60-80 ° C is fed through a valve 2 by a pump 3 and a valve 4 into the upper part of the device’s internal container. Acute superheated steam enters the middle of the bottom of the external capacity of the device, due to which a temperature of 120-150 ° C and a working pressure of 0.2-0.5 MPa are created. Above, into the internal capacity of the device through the electromagnetic valve 13, sharp steam is pulsed through the steam line, creating periodic compression of the suspension with a frequency of 1-6 pulses per minute, creating an additional pressure of 0.03-0.05 MPa above the working pressure, followed by release to working pressure. Acute steam through the solenoid valve 13 enters the internal container for 1-3 s (the duration of one pulse), displacing the suspension in the external container and creating an excess of 0.03-0.05 MPa over the working pressure. After 1-3 s, the valve 13 closes and opens the valve 14 on the steam line 7 connecting the inner tank to the outer tank, the levels of suspension in the inner and outer tanks are aligned. Valves 13 and 14 are in antiphase.

Sensors 8 and 10 signal the overfilling of the apparatus and the need to suspend the supply of slurry through the valve 4. The level control sensor 9 signals the need to complete the supply of sharp steam through the solenoid valve 13, which determines the pulse duration of the receipt of sharp steam. The level control sensor 11 indicates an excessive emptying of the apparatus and, accordingly, the need to turn off the tap 5.

The operating mode of the device is adjusted so that the plant material can remain in the apparatus for 1-3 hours. Hydrolyzed plant material is pumped by pump 16 from the apparatus through a tap 5 to a container, where separation into solid and liquid phases takes place. Both phases can be used to feed cattle immediately, or after preparing various compositions.

The dimensions of the device are determined by the customer's need for feed. For example, with the dimensions of the device: height 3 m, diameter of the external container 1.7 m, internal - 1.25 m, productivity is 1-3 t / h (depending on processing time). All processes of loading, unloading and processing of raw materials according to the invention are continuous, automated, which greatly simplifies and facilitates labor, reduces labor costs. The compactness of the device makes it convenient for use in any household. The payback of such a device is up to one year. The cost of feed produced does not exceed 1 rub. for 1 kg.

The proposed device provides the destruction of fiber of straw in general and a significant increase in the concentration of sugars and digestible protein in the resulting feed, the liquid phase of which contains 30-35% of sugars and 7-8% of protein from the dry residue. Such food is better digested by symbiotic microorganisms, as a result, conditions are improved for the efficient use of nutrients in the diet and increase animal productivity. The use of feed obtained in the inventive device allows you to increase the gain of young animals by 700-900 g per day, as evidenced by the conclusion received from the collective farm "Rodina" Alekseevsky district of the Republic of Tatarstan.

Claims (1)

A device for processing coarse vegetable raw materials, including an apparatus for processing raw materials, equipped with loading and unloading devices, characterized in that the device is made in the form of two cylindrical containers of different diameters fixed to one another, connected by a steam line through an electromagnetic valve, the internal container being in communication with boot device, made hollow, is located in the center of the outer tank at a distance h = (0.25 + 0.05) d from its bottom, where d is the diameter of the inner tank and, respectively, The relationship between it and the diameter of the external container D is defined as d: D = (1.3-1.5) and has a cover in which sensors are installed to monitor the upper and lower levels of the processed raw materials in the apparatus, a pressure gauge for recording pressure, a valve for overpressure relief and an electromagnetic valve for an additional pulsed supply of sharp steam, and the external container is in communication with a discharge device, in its lower part there is a crane for supplying sharp superheated steam, and ur sensors are installed in its cover vnya feedstock for signaling the excessive emptying the apparatus, in addition, electromagnetic valves and feed level sensors connected with the control unit.