RU2292163C2 - Method for obtaining carotenoids - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fish industry.

SUBSTANCE: the present innovation deals with the way of obtaining carotenoids referred to biologically active substances out of shell-containing wastes of crayfish (Astacidae). The method deals with reducing the raw material followed by extraction with ethanol at 55° C during 1 h to separate the extract against dense residue due to filtration followed by repeated extracting the dense residue once or twice. Dense residue should be dried and applied to obtain chitin. The extracts obtained should be combined, ethanol should be boiled down under vacuum conditions at 70° C, not higher; the obtained water-lipid extract should be mixed with hexane. One should separate carotenoids in hexane, and boil down hexane under vacuum conditions at 60° C, not higher. The output of carotenoids corresponds to 0.65-0.75% against dry matter. The innovation enables to improve several physiological processes in human body and could be applied as a natural dyestuff in fat-containing food products and medicinal preparations obtained out of fish oil for increasing their biological value.

EFFECT: higher efficiency.

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Description

The invention relates to the fishing industry, in particular to a method for producing carotenoids from shell-containing waste of crayfish.

Carotenoids are an integral part of crustacean lipids, determine the color of their shell and are biologically active substances that contribute to the improvement of a number of physiological processes in the human body. The chemical structure of carotenoids determines the antioxidant, immunomodulatory, radioprotective and anticancerogenic activity of these compounds (Lebskaya K.T. et al. Scientific and practical aspects of the use of biologically active substances from marine animals. Materials of the PINRO report on the results of scientific research in 1998 - 1999 gg., Ch-2. - Murmansk, 2000, pp. 49-58).

A known method of obtaining a concentrate of carotenoids from plant materials, including blanching it at a temperature of 50-60 ° C for 2-3 minutes, separating the juice, drying the pulp at a temperature of not more than 60 ° C to a moisture content of not more than 5.2%, grinding to particle size 0.2 ± 0.05 mm, extraction with 80-99% ethyl alcohol for 1 h at a temperature of 20-60 ° C with a ratio of raw material and extractant 1: 2-1: 6, filtering the extract, distilling off the solvent at temperature not more than 60 ° С, separation of the concentrate into two liquid phases: water-soluble (carbohydrate rotinoid) and fat-soluble (lipid-carotenoid) (US Pat. RF No. 2214432, 2003).

The disadvantage of this method of carotenoid isolation is the use of heat treatment at 50-60 ° C (blanching, drying) before extraction, which leads to a significant energy consumption.

There is also known a method of complex processing of shellfish shells, including grinding of raw materials, two-, three-fold extraction of biologically active substances from it with acetone at a temperature of 15-25 ° C in a ratio of 1: 1-1: 10 with constant stirring, separation of the extract solution from the solid residue which is subjected to deproteinization and demineralization to obtain the desired products of chitin and protein, combining extract solutions, evaporating acetone under vacuum at a temperature not exceeding 60 ° C, mixing the resulting mixture of lipids and lipids soluble substances with an organic solvent immiscible with water, phase separation, separation of a solution of lipids and lipid-soluble substances, filtering and drying with a dehydrating agent, evaporation of the filtrate in vacuo at a temperature not exceeding 60 ° C (Pat. RF No. 2179816, 2002 )

The disadvantage of this method is the use for the extraction of an expensive organic solvent (acetone).

The closest adopted for the prototype is a method for the integrated processing of shellfish shells (US Pat. RF No. 2179816, 2002).

This method includes technological operations: grinding of raw materials, two-, three-fold extraction of biologically active substances from it with acetone, combining extract solutions, evaporation of acetone under vacuum, mixing the resulting mixture of lipids and lipid-soluble substances with an organic solvent immiscible with water, phase separation, separating a solution of lipids and lipid-soluble substances, filtering and drying with a dehydrating agent, evaporating the filtrate in vacuo.

The objective of the claimed invention is to obtain carotenoids, which are biologically active substances, from shell-containing wastes of river crayfish.

The problem is achieved by the method of obtaining carotenoids from the shell-containing waste of crayfish, characterized in that it provides for the grinding of raw materials, extraction of carotenoids from it, separation of the extract from the solid residue by filtration, directing the solid residue for repeated extraction 1-2 times, drying and use to obtain chitin combining extracts and evaporation in vacuo, mixing with an organic solvent immiscible with water, separation of carotenoids in an organic plant vaporizer, evaporation under vacuum, while the extraction is carried out with ethyl alcohol in the ratio of raw materials: alcohol 1: 2-1: 3 at a temperature of 50-60 ° C for 1 h, the extracts containing carotenoids are separated from the solid residue and combined, ethyl alcohol evaporated under vacuum at a temperature not exceeding 70 ° C, the resulting water-lipid extract is mixed with hexane, carotenoids are separated in hexane, hexane is evaporated under vacuum at a temperature not exceeding 60 ° C.

The technical result consists in obtaining carotenoids from shell-containing wastes of river crayfish, which are biologically active substances that improve a number of physiological processes in the human body.

The method of obtaining carotenoids is as follows.

The shell-containing wastes of crayfish are crushed, extracted with ethyl alcohol in the ratio of raw materials: alcohol 1: 2-1: 3 at a temperature of 50-60 ° C for 1 h, the extract containing carotenoids is separated from the solid residue by filtration, the solid residue is subjected to repeated extraction 1-2 times, dried and used to produce chitin. The obtained extracts are combined, ethanol is evaporated under vacuum at a temperature not exceeding 70 ° C, the resulting aqueous lipid extract is mixed with an organic solvent immiscible with water (hexane), carotenoids are separated in hexane, hexane is evaporated under vacuum at a temperature of 60 ° C. Distilled ethyl alcohol and hexane are used to process a fresh batch of raw materials. The resulting carotenoids are sent for packaging.

Example 1

Wet shell-containing crayfish wastes were crushed and subjected to extraction with ethyl alcohol in the ratio of raw materials: alcohol 1: 2 at a temperature of 50 ° C for 1 h, the extract containing carotenoids was separated from the solid residue by filtration, the dense residue was subjected to repeated extraction 2 times in a ratio of 1 : 2. The solid residue was dried and used to produce chitin. The obtained extracts were combined, ethanol was evaporated in vacuo at a temperature not exceeding 70 ° С, the resulting aqueous lipid extract was mixed with hexane, carotenoids in hexane were separated, and hexane was evaporated in vacuo at a temperature of 60 ° С.

Example 2

Dry carapace-containing waste of crayfish was extracted with ethyl alcohol in the ratio of raw materials: alcohol 1: 3 at a temperature of 60 ° C for 1 h, the extract containing carotenoids was separated from the solid residue by filtration, the solid residue was subjected to repeated extraction 1 time in a ratio of 1: 2 . Further operations are similar, as shown in example 1.

Preliminary extraction of crushed carapace-containing waste of crayfish with ethyl alcohol allows to obtain carotenoids, which are biologically active substances. The yield of carotenoids is 0.65-0.75% by dry matter. Carotenoids have a dark red color and can be used as a natural dye for fat-containing foods (vegetable oil, margarine, mayonnaise, etc.) and fish oil medications to increase their biological value.

Claims (1)

A method for producing carotenoids from shell-containing waste of crayfish, characterized in that it involves grinding the raw material, extracting carotenoids from it, separating the extract from the solid residue by filtration, directing the solid residue to re-extraction 1-2 times, drying and using to obtain chitin, combining the extracts and evaporation under vacuum, mixing with an organic solvent immiscible with water, separation of carotenoids in an organic solvent, evaporation under vacuum, In this case, extraction is carried out with ethyl alcohol in the ratio of raw materials: alcohol 1: 2-1: 3 at a temperature of 50-60 ° C for 1 h, extracts containing carotenoids are separated from the solid residue and combined, ethanol is evaporated under vacuum at a temperature not above 70 ° C, the obtained lipid-water extract is mixed with hexane, carotenoids in hexane are separated, hexane is evaporated under vacuum at a temperature not exceeding 60 ° C.