RU2291544C1 - Automatic temperature and moisture content control gear for dc traction machine windings - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electromechanical engineering; automatic control systems for maintaining temperature and moisture content of electrical machine windings within desired optimal values.

SUBSTANCE: novelty is that newly introduced in electrical machine computer unit are machine temperature and moisture content mathematical model unit, correction unit, measuring unit, comparison unit, and control action signal shaping unit. Applied to inputs of mathematical model unit are signals arriving from outputs of machine and drier current and voltage sensors, machine and fan shaft speed, cooling medium temperature, and cooling duct outlet air moisture content sensors, as well as control action correcting computation process of armature, main-pole, and interpole winding insulation local maximal temperature and moisture content. Correcting unit functions to compare calculated and measured values of mean temperature and moisture content of main-pole, compensating, and interpole winding insulation, mean calculated values of these parameters passed from mathematical-model unit, and their measured values picked off measurement unit being applied to correction unit input; control action correcting computation of mentioned parameters picked off correction unit is sent to mathematical-model unit. Comparison unit is used to compare calculated values of mentioned parameters with their desired values and to generate error signals applied to comparison unit input which present difference between calculated and desired values of mentioned parameters; applied to comparison unit inputs are calculated values of mentioned parameters arriving from mathematical-model unit output as well as desired values of these parameters. Output signal of control-action signal shaping unit is passed to input of machine cooling system fan controlled drive; comparison-unit output error signals, signal indicating device change-over to emergency running taken off correction unit, as well as signals picked off electrical-machine output power computing unit and from electrical-machine current sensor are passed from correction unit to shaping-unit inputs.

EFFECT: enlarged functional capabilities.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to electrical engineering, in particular to automatic control systems and regulation of temperature and humidity conditions, as well as protection against overheating and waterlogging of the insulation of the windings of electric machines, for example windings of traction electric cars of electric locomotives.

The closest technical solution, selected as a prototype, is a device for automatically controlling the temperature of the winding of a traction electric DC machine [1]. The disadvantage of this device is that it cannot be used to automatically control and regulate the humidity of the insulation of the windings of traction electric machines of electric locomotives.

The proposed device for automatically controlling the temperature and humidity conditions of the windings of an electric DC machine 1 (see Fig. 1) comprises a channel 2 for a cooling medium; fan 3 with controlled drive 4; a perforated electric air dryer 25 with a controlled power converter 24 and with a current sensor I _e 28; sensors 5 and 26 of the temperature T _VZ and humidity W _VZ cooling-heating medium with transducers 6 and 27; sensors 7, 8 and 9 of the voltage drop Δu _gp , Δu _ko and Δu _dp , respectively, on the winding of the main 10 poles, on the compensation winding 11 and on the winding of the additional 12 poles of the electric machine; a speed sensor 13 _d n of the shaft of an electric machine; a current sensor 14 I _d and a voltage sensor 15 U _d at the terminals of an electric machine; a speed sensor n 16 _in the fan shaft proportional to the supply G _per fan; blocks 17, 18 and 19 of the calculation of the values of the ohmic resistance in the hot state R _GPA ^g , R _to a ^g and R _DPA ^g , respectively, the windings of the main poles, the compensation winding and the windings of the additional poles, and the output signals of the transducers 7 and 14, the output signals of the transducers 8 and 14 are fed to the input of the block 18, and the output signals of the transducers 9 and 14 are fed to the input of the block 19; block 20 calculation (measurement of BI) values of the average temperature and humidity of the insulation of the windings of the main (T _gp and ^av ) poles, compensation winding (T _{k a} and ^av ) and the windings of additional (T _dp and ^av ) poles (which are the measured temperature values of these windings in accordance with electric machines the windings temperature measurement rules standard method of resistance), the input unit 20 is fed the output signals of the blocks 17, 18 and 19, a block 20 is introduced as the resistance value of the winding major r _r a ^x poles compensation winding r _to a ^x and obmo ki additional R ^x and _dp poles in the cold state; block 21 calculating the power value R _{d of the} electric machine, and the input of block 21 serves the output signals of the converters 14 and 15; block 22 calculations containing a mathematical model of a traction electric machine as a heat and moisture object, which allows to determine the unsteady field of temperature distribution in it as a single heat and moisture object when working in the electric circuit of a locomotive in real operating conditions and by calculation to determine the values of the maximum local temperature and humidity of insulation of a rotating armature winding T _i a ^r winding main T _r and ^p poles, compensating winding _to T and ^p and the winding of additional T _dp and ^p poles tyago second electric machine depending on regulatory (feed the cooling medium G _taken and perturbing (U _d voltage, current I _d of the electrical machine, the frequency n _d of the rotation shaft of the electric machine and the temperature T _taken cooling medium) impacts, wherein the input unit 22 is fed the output signals converters 6, 13, 14, 15, 16, 20, 21 and 27, a block 22 is introduced as predetermined value of the maximum local temperature and humidity insulation armature winding T _i and ^of winding the main T _r and ^s poles compensation winding T _to a ^s and windings of additional T _dp a ^s field Owls traction electric car; monitor M (pos. 23) for visual presentation of information.

A device for automatically controlling the temperature of the windings of an electric DC machine operates as follows. Previously in the computer memory to input the information about the values of R a ^x _r, R a _to ^x, R ^x and _{dp, I} and T ^s, T _r and ^s, and ^s _to T and T _dn and for this type ^of traction electric machine. In accordance with the program, the signals from the measuring transducers 6, 7, 8, 9, 13, 14, 15, and 16 are input into the computer. In block 22 (Fig. 1), which contains the mathematical model MM of the traction electric machine as a thermal object (pos. 29 in Fig. 2), they calculate the values of T _i a ^r , T _gp a ^r , T _k a ^r and T _dp a ^r , as well as the values of the average temperature of the main winding (T _gp a ^cp ) ^p poles, compensation winding ( T _to a ^cp ) ^p and windings of additional (T _dp a ^cp ) ^p poles according to the measured values of T _b , n _d , I _d , U _d and n _c . In blocks 17, 18 and 19 from the measured values of ΔU _gp , ΔU _ko , ΔU _dp and I _d calculate the values of R _gp a ^r R _ko a ^r and R _dp a ^r . In block 20, the values of (T _gp a ^cp ) ^and , (T _k a ^cp ) ^and and (T _dp a ^cp ) ^and , which are the measured values of the average temperature of the winding of the main poles, the compensation winding and the winding of the additional poles of the electric machine, are calculated, information about them displayed on the monitor 23 and also entered into the block correction BC (item 31 in figure 2) of the block BV. In block 31, the calculated and measured values of the average temperature of the winding of the main poles, the compensation winding and the winding of the auxiliary poles are compared.

If the difference in the calculation results and the measurement is within acceptable limits from block 31 is fed to the input unit 29 effects α, the correction calculation process values maximal local temperature of armature winding T _i and ^p winding major T _r and ^p pole compensation winding T _to a ^p and windings of additional T _dp a ^r poles. Next, in the BS comparison unit (pos. 30), the calculated values of T _i a ^r , T _gp a ^r , T _k a ^r and T _dp a ^p are compared with the specified values T _i a ^s , T _gp a ^s , T _co a ^s and T _dp a ^s and generate mismatch signals, which are the difference between the calculated and set values of the maximum local temperature of the armature winding, the main pole winding, the compensation winding and the additional pole winding: (T _I a ^r -T _I a ^s ), (T _rn and ^r -T _gp a ^s ), (T _k a ^r -T _k a ^s ) and (T _dp a ^r -T _dp a ^s ). When heating the windings of an electric machine, if (T _i a ^r -T _i a ^s ) 2 0, (T _rp a ^r -T _gp a ^s ) 2 0, (T _k a ^r -T _k a ^s ) 2 0 and ( T and ^p T _dp and _dn ^s) 2 0, the cycle of calculation of the quantities _I and T ^p, T ^p and _r, ^p and T _to T _dn and a ^p repeated with the calculation carried out at the new measured values _taken T, U _d , I _d , U _d and U _c . If any of the error signals (T _I -T _I and ^p and ^h)> 0, (T _r -T _r and ^p and ^h)> 0 and (T ^p -T _to and _to and ^h)> 0 or ( T _dp a ^r -T _dp a ^s )> 0, then it is fed to the input of the BF formation block of the control signal (pos. 27), where the signal is corrected according to the magnitude of the disturbing effects R _dv , I _d and T _vz .

From the output of block 32 is fed a signal (feedback control input to a controlled drive 4 (Figure 1) of the cooling fan. If further heating of the windings of the electrical machine error signal increases, and correspondingly increases the supply fan, whereby the controlled variable _I and T ^p, T _r and T ^p _to as ^p or ^p T _dp and maintained within a predetermined range. The values of _I and T ^p, T _r and ^p, and T _to T ^p and _dp and ^p are displayed on the monitor 23. If the condition _(I and T ^p T and _I ^s)> 0, and wherein one of conditions (T _r -T _r and ^p and ^h)> 0 and (T ^p -T _to and _to and ^h)> 0 and (T ^p -T _dp and _dn and ^h)> 0, then the input unit 27 is supplied error signal (T ^p -T _I and _I and ^h) as the smallest resource on the thermal insulation factor has armature winding. If (T _I -T _I and ^p and ^h) 2 0, but conditions are satisfied simultaneously (T _r -T _r and ^p and ^h)> 0, (T ^r -T _to and _to and ^h)> 0 and (T ^p -T _dp and _dn and ^h)> 0, then the input unit 27 is supplied by the maximum value signal. the best approach to the choice ^of _I and setpoint T T _r and ^s, and ^s _to T and T _dp ^of and should provide the greatest resource insulating materials windings defining basically the durability of the electric machine, with a minimum of energy consumption for the operation of the device for automatically controlling the temperature of the windings.

If the discrepancy as a result of calculations and measurements of the average temperature of the winding of the main poles, the compensation winding and the winding of the additional poles of the electric machine exceeds the permissible limits, in case of possible failures during the execution of the device’s functioning program, failure of the parameter measurement system or for other reasons, then exit unit 31 sends a signal β about the transfer of the device into emergency operation at the input of block 32, then from the output of block 32 gives a signal γ of the control action to increase the hearth and the fan to the maximum value. At the same time, information β is output about transferring the device into emergency operation mode, failures or arising malfunctions and their causes on the monitor 23.

When locomotive movement freewheel when measured variables U _d = 0 and I _q = 0, the values T _i and ^p, T _r and ^p, T _to a ^p and T _dn and ^p is determined by calculation in the unit 29, containing a mathematical model, according to the latest values of T _i a ^r , T _gp a ^r , T _k o ^r and T _dp a ^r at the time of disconnecting the supply voltage of the electric machine and the measured values of T _b , n _d and n _in , then the calculated values of T _{i are} compared in block 30 and ^p, _r and ^p T, T _to T and ^p and _dp and ^p with given _I and T ^s, T _r and ^s, and T _to ^z and T _gn and ^h. When reducing the error signal (T _I -T _I and ^p and ^h), (T _r -T _r a ^{p h} a), (T ^p -T _to as _to a ^z) and (T ^p -T _dp and _dp and ^of ) is fed from the output unit 32 to the input signal γ managed fan drive, and further, when the full conditions (T _I -T _I and ^p and ^s) 2 0 (T _r -T _r and ^p and ^h) 0 2 ( T _to a ^r -T _to a ^sz ) 2 0 and (T _dp a ^r -T _dp a ^s ) 2 0 to stop the cooling fan and stop the flow of the cooling medium.

A device for automatically controlling the humidity of the insulation of the windings of a TED works in a similar way. By increasing or decreasing the degree of moistening winding insulation TED from some predetermined value W _s is proportional to the humidity will vary W _taken at the output of channel 2, the cooling and heating medium. The system is adjusted in such a way that with an increase in the degree of wetting of the insulation of the windings of the TED, the feedback signal from the humidity sensor 20 increases and vice versa - with a decrease in the degree of wetting of the insulation of the windings, the feedback signal decreases. At the same time, the average voltage will change at the output of the electric dryer converter 22 and the input power to the electric dryer 23 will increase if the insulation degree of the TED windings is wetted and the supplied power to the electric dryer if the insulation degree of the TED windings decreases. Thus, stabilization of the degree of wetting of the insulation of the windings of the TED is supposed.

Thus, the proposed device for automatically controlling the temperature and humidity conditions of the windings of traction electric machines ensures that the maximum permissible temperature and humidity values of the insulation of its windings are maintained within specified limits, regardless of the conditions and operating modes of the traction electric machine during operation, it can be protected from overheating and overmoistening windings, ensure high-quality stable processes of temperature and humidity control, increase the durability of the traction electric ktricheskoy machines at the lowest cost of electricity on the functioning of the cooling system and dehumidification, humidification to stabilize the degree of insulation of traction windings.

The source of information

1. The decision to grant a patent for utility model No. 2003108646/20 (009620). Device for automatic temperature control of a traction electric DC machine / V.P. Smirnov, V.V. Makarov, A.M. Khudonogov, I.A. Khudonogov, E.V. Efremov, I.S. Pekhmetov. - Priority dated 03/31/2003.

Claims (3)

1. A device for automatically controlling the temperature and humidity conditions of the windings of a traction electric DC machine with a channel for a cooling medium, comprising a fan with a controlled drive, current and voltage sensors of the electric machine, voltage drop sensors on the winding of the main poles, on the compensation winding and on the auxiliary winding poles, sensors of the frequency of rotation of the shaft of the electric machine and the frequency of rotation of the fan shaft, temperature sensor of the cooling medium, blocks of calculation of ohmic values resistance in the hot state of the winding of the main poles, the compensation winding and the winding of the additional poles, and the inputs of each of these calculation blocks provide signals from the outputs of the current and voltage sensors of the electric machine and from the corresponding voltage drop sensor on the main pole winding, the compensation winding and the additional pole winding , a unit for measuring the average insulation temperature of the winding of the main poles, the compensation winding and the winding of additional poles, and to the inputs of the specified block under there are signals from the outputs of the blocks for calculating the ohmic resistance of the main pole winding, the compensation winding and the auxiliary pole winding in the hot state, as well as for the ohmic resistance of these windings in the cold state, the unit for calculating the power of the electric machine, and the signals from the outputs of the sensors of current and voltage of the electric machine, and the calculation unit, while the corresponding inputs of the calculation unit provide the output signals of the sensors of the electric shaft speed the machine and the fan shaft speed, the temperature sensor of the coolant at the outlet of the cooling medium channel, the current and voltage sensors of the electric machine, the output signals of the indicated measurement unit and the unit for calculating the power of the electric machine, from the output of the calculation unit provide a control signal to the input of the controlled cooling fan drive. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that to regulate the degree of wetting of the insulation of the windings of the traction electric machine, a perforated electric air dryer with a controlled power converter is installed at the inlet of the channel for the cooling medium. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that a humidity sensor is installed at the outlet of the channel for the cooling medium to control the degree of moisture in the insulation of the windings of the traction electric machine.

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