RU2284703C1 - Pig feeding method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: feed production, in particular, feeding of pigs using brewing industry wastes.

SUBSTANCE: method involves introducing into combined feed dry brewers' draff, said brewers' draff being enriched with probiotic "Probiocel" having Bacillus subtilis content of at least 2.5x10⁷ CFU in 1 g of brewers' draff before being introduced into combined feed. Enriched brewers' draff is introduced into combined feed for pigs of 60 to 108-day age twice a day in an amount of 6% by weight of combined feed. Method allows weight gain to be increased due to increased nutritive value and digestion of feed, and combined feed consumption per 1 kg of pig live weight gain to be reduced. Method is suitable for utilization in commercial swine breeding complexes, mechanized farms as well as in small-scale farms.

EFFECT: wider range of utilization, increased weight gain and digestibility of combined feed.

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Description

The invention relates to feeding farm animals, in particular to feeding piglets using brewing waste.

A known method of feeding farm animals using a composite feed, including beer pellets, malt sprouts, grain alloy, grain waste, spent brewer's yeast. Before feeding, the components are mixed in certain proportions, dried in a vacuum boiler until the moisture content of the feed is 8-10% (RF Patent No. 2086144, A 23 K 1/06, 1997). The method of preparation of feed is relatively complicated, and the resulting feed product has insufficient nutrition.

A known method of feeding animals using a composite additive including beer grains, spent brewer's yeast with plant materials enriched with urea and mineral additives (RF Patent No. 2208337, A 23 K 1/06, 2003). This method improves the nutritional and digestibility of the additive. However, its composition includes up to 88% of beer grains, which contain a significant amount of fiber, which does not allow the use of this feed for fattening, for example pigs and poultry.

A known method of feeding young pigs with compound feeds enriched with preparations containing lactic acid bacteria (RF Patent No. 2062038, A 23 K 1/175, 1996), or probiotics, which include the culture of Bacillus subtilis (RF Patent No. 2184774, C 12 N 1 / 20, A 61 K 35/74, 2002). These drugs provide the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal diseases in animals, poultry and fish. They normalize the activity of the gastrointestinal tract, increase the body's resistance. However, the uneven distribution of the probiotic additive in the total weight of the feed, its significant losses during cooking and storage, the need to prepare the feed immediately before use in unsuitable household conditions reduce the effectiveness of these methods.

In this regard, a feed preparation method was developed, according to which the probiotic is mixed with one of the feed components, ground to the fineness of the same size with the probiotic particle size, before being introduced into the feed, the resulting mixture is homogenized with the remaining feed components (RF Patent No. 2140165, A 23 K 1/00, 1999).

A known method of feeding pigs, taken as a prototype, including the introduction into the diets of piglets and pigs for fattening dry beer grains. Dry beer pellet in 1 kg contained up to 87% dry matter, as much as in herbal flour and wheat bran, at the same time more lysine - 7.2 g, versus 6.8 g in grass meal and 6.2 g in wheat bran ; less digestible organic matter - 51% compared with 60 and 62%, respectively.

Dry beer grains were gradually introduced into pig diets: at the age of 2 months. animals were fed 0.6-1.0 kg per day; upon reaching a live weight of 96-106 kg - 2.6 kg each (Draganov I.F. Fattening of farm animals on bard and beer pellet. - M.: VNIITEIIgroprom. - 1988. - P.32-33).

The introduction of dry beer grains in pig diets contributes to the economical consumption of grain feed and the cost of production. The method allows to replace wheat bran, soybean and sunflower meal, corn, etc. with beer pellets. However, a high level of fiber limits the use of beer grains in the composition of animal feed. According to the existing normative and technical documentation for feed products, it is not allowed to enter dry beer grains in full feed for piglets grown from 2 to 4 months. When creating the present invention, the task was to increase the nutritional value of the feed additive from dry beer grains, improve digestibility and digestibility of the feed.

The technical result of the invention is achieved by the fact that the proposed method of feeding piglets, including the introduction of dry beer grains into the feed, the peculiarity of which is that before the dry beer grains are fed into the feed, they are enriched with the probiotic Probiocel with a content of Bacillus subtilis 8130 of at least 2.5 × 10 ⁷ CFU in 1 g of pellet and make enriched pellet in feed to piglets from 60 to 108 days of age 2 times a day in the amount of 6% by weight of feed.

The probiotic "Probiocel" was developed by the Institute of Ecology and Evolution. AN Severtsova RAS as a biologically active feed additive (RF Patent No. 2202224, A 23 K 1/165, 2003).

"Probiocel" includes Bacillus subtilis 8130 cells (at least 10 ⁸ CFU / g), the enzyme endoglucanase (activity at least 30 mmol / min / g), is enriched with selenium in organic form (DAFS-25) in an amount of not more than 0.008 mg of selenium per 1 kg of "Probiocel". The preparation is a loose product of light brown color with a weak specific pleasant odor (Yakhin A.Ya., Sokovyh O.V., Abdrafikov A.R., Chernukha B.A., Ushakova N.A., Baburina M.I. Complex feed additive "Probiocel" // Meat industry. - 2003. - No. 1. - P.44-45).

Fresh beer pellet is a perishable product, so it can only be used near the place of production. Dry beer pellet is most convenient for transportation, however, its feed value decreases after drying to 20-25% due to the extrusion of the dissolved extract, but its transportability and storage stability increase.

The dried beer pellet contains,%: water - 6.32-11.1; crude protein - 20.7-29.7; fat - 7.1-7.5; BEV - 37.9-44.1; fiber - 10.4-19.7; ash - 3.2-4.0.

Feeding piglets with compound feed using dry beer pellets enriched with the probiotic Probiocel gave a positive production result.

Example. In the experimental farm VIZH "Klenovo-Chegodaevo" in the Moscow region, an experiment was conducted according to the scheme below (Table 1).

Table 1 Experience outline Groups of animals Goals in a group Feeding characteristics I control 8 Complete feed (PC) with 11% bran II experienced 8 PC with 7% bran and 4% beer grains III experienced 8 PC with 5% bran and 6% beer grains IV experienced 8 PC with 5% bran and 6% beer grains with probiotic "Probiocel"

For the experiment 32 heads of piglets from 60 days of age were selected and according to the principle of analogues (taking into account the date of birth, sex, live weight, origin and average daily weight gain for the preliminary period) they were divided into 4 groups of 8 animals each.

Feeding and keeping piglets were the same. The animals were fed 2 times a day with dry compound feeds developed according to the control and experimental recipes.

Group I animals were fed complete feed with 11% of wheat bran.

In groups II and III, 4–6% of wheat bran was replaced with dry beer pellets.

In group IV, piglets in the compound feed 6% dry beer pellet were pre-enriched with a probiotic with a Bacillus subtilis 8130 content of at least 2.5 × 10 ⁷ CFU in 1 g of dry beer pellet.

During the experiment, we controlled:

- change in live weight and daily average growth by individual weighing of animals at the beginning of the experiment and at 108 days of age;

- daily consumption of specified feeds and the amount of residues in order to determine the influence of the studied factors on the palatability of animal feed and their eatability by animals, to determine the cost of animal feed per unit of increase in live weight;

- animal health status.

In the II and III experimental groups, wheat bran was partially replaced with beer pellet.

Studies have shown that, compared to wheat bran, beer grains contained 88.5 g more crude protein and 50.8 g more crude fat.

The content of crude fiber in beer grains is 1.3 times higher than in wheat bran.

By the content of limiting amino acids - lysine and methionine + cystine, beer pellet was slightly superior to wheat bran: lysine 7.4 g versus 5.4 g; methionine + cystine 9.4 g versus 3.9 g.

From table 2, which shows the mineral composition of the feed used, it can be seen that, compared with wheat bran, the beer pellet contained 2 times more manganese, 2.4 times more iron, 2.3 times more zinc, and phosphorus 1 4 times less.

Thus, we can conclude that the beer pellet was slightly superior to wheat bran in fodder advantages.

table 2 The chemical composition of wheat bran and beer grains Indicators Component wheat bran beer grains Dry matter, g 850,0 887.0 Crude protein, g 151.0 239.5 Crude Fat, g 41.0 91.8 Crude fiber, g 88.0 117.9 Amino acids: Lysine, g 5,4 7.4 Methionine + cystine, g 3.9 9,4 Macronutrients: Calcium g 2.0 2,4 Phosphorus, g 9.6 6.8 Trace elements: Manganese, mg 117.0 240.0 Iron mg 170.0 400,0 Copper mg 11.3 21.0 Zinc mg 81.0 185.0

Table 3 The composition and nutritional value of the control and experimental feed for piglets 2-4 months Nutritional Components and Indicators Composition of feed,% Control No. 1 Experienced Number 2 Number 3 Number 4 Barley 44.0 44.0 44.0 44.0 Wheat 30,0 30,0 30,0 30,0 Wheat bran 11.0 7.0 5,0 5,0 Sunflower meal 10.0 10.0 10.0 10.0 Fish flour 2,5 2,5 2,5 2,5 Dry beer grape (DPS) - 4.0 6.0 6.0 DPS with probiotic "Probiocel" - - - 6.0 Common salt 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.5 Dicalcium phosphate 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 Premix P 51-1 1,0 1,0 1,0 1,0 1 kg contains: ECE 1.23 1.23 1.23 1.23 OE, MJ 12.26 12.32 12.35 12.35 Dry matter, kg 0.86 0.86 0.86 0.86 Crude protein, g 165.0 168.2 170.0 170.0 Digestible protein, g 133.0 136.3 138.0 138.0 Lysine, g 5.86 6.0 6.1 6.1 Methionine + cystine, g 5.45 5.7 5.8 5.8 Crude fiber, g 50.7 51.9 52,5 52,5 Calcium g 7.6 7.5 7.4 7.4 Phosphorus, g 6.8 6.8 7.0 7.0 Iron mg 117.0 117.9 122.5 122.5 Copper mg 17.9 18.25 18,4 18,4 Zinc mg 58.0 62,2 64,4 64,4 Manganese, mg 46.0 51.0 53,4 53,4 Cobalt, mg 0.7 0.7 0.7 0.7 Iodine mg 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 Vitamins: A, thousand ME 5 5 5 5 D, thousand ME 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 E mg 33.6 32.9 32,5 32,5 B ₁ mg 4.3 4.26 4.2 4.2 B ₂ mg 3.66 3,55 3,5 3,5 B ₃ mg 16.28 15.34 14.9 14.9 ₄ mg 13.29 12.77 12.51 12.51 ₅ mg 89.5 83.5 80.5 80.5 B ₁₂ , mcg 31.5 31.6 31.6 31.6

Table 3 shows the feed recipes that were developed and used in the experiment.

Balancing the diets of animals of all groups according to vitamins, macro- and microelements was carried out by including the vitamin-mineral premix P 51-1.

From the nutritional data of the compound feeds, it follows that they mainly met the requirements of the new detailed norms (Norms and diets for feeding farm animals. Reference manual. 3rd ed., Revised and supplemented / Edited by A.P. Kalashnikov, V.I. Fisinina, V.V. Shcheglova, N.I. Kleimenova - M., 2003. - 456 p.), And were close in nutritional value.

Piglets of group IV received mixed feed of the following composition, kg: barley - 44; wheat - 30; wheat bran - 5; sunflower meal - 10; fishmeal - 2.5; dry beer pellet enriched with "Probiocel" - 6; table salt - 0.5; dicalcium phosphate - 1; premix P 51-1 - 1.

The probiotic Probiocel was enriched in beer grains in which the content of Bacillus subtilis 8130 was 2.5 × 10 ⁷ CFU per 1 g. The concentration of probiotic cells was established experimentally and has a preventive purpose.

As a result of the experiment, it was found that the inclusion of dry beer grains in the amount of 6% reduces the productive effect of the feed in comparison with the inclusion of dry beer grains in the amount of 4%. In order to remove the negative effect of a high dosage of dry beer pellet (6%), it was enriched with a probiotic, which provided an increase in the growth energy of piglets both in comparison with the control (without dry beer pellet) and in comparison with 4 and 6% of its input into compound feed without probiotic.

As noted above, feed for piglets in the control and experimental groups consisted of the same set of components. The differences consisted only in the fact that part of the wheat bran was replaced with dry beer pellet in compound feeds for experimental pigs, and in the fourth experimental group the beer pellet was enriched with probiotic Probiocel.

Throughout the experiment, the feeding of piglets was normalized.

The main results of the experiment are presented in table 4.

Table 4 Change in live weight and average daily gains. Feed costs per 1 kg of growth (on average per 1 head) Indicators Groups Control I Experienced II III IV Live weight, kg: at the beginning 21.0 + 0.49 20.9 + 0.37 20.7 + 0.37 20.9 + 0.49 in the end 45.3 + 0.99 46.1 + 0.87 45.4 + 0.99 47.6 + 1.12 Weight gain, kg 24.3 + 1.12 25.2 + 1.24 24.7 + 0.99 26.7 + 1.36 The average daily gain, g 506 + 12 525 + 17 515 + 14 556 + 20 * % To control 100.0 103.7 101.8 109.9 The average daily consumption of feed, kg 1.25 1.25 1.25 1.25 Combined feed consumed per 1 kg of growth, kg 2.47 2,38 2.43 2.25 % To control 100.0 96.3 98.4 91.0 * The difference compared with the control is statistically significant at a value of P≤0.05.

Studies have shown that the composition of the feed did not affect their consumption: in general, for the experience, the piglets of all groups ate the same amount of feed - 60.0 kg each, since neither the control nor the experimental piglets had any food residues.

According to the results of studies, it can be concluded that dry beer pellet is a perfectly acceptable component of compound feeds for piglets grown in the post-weaning period.

From the data presented in table 4, it is seen that the live weight of piglets in all groups when tested was almost the same (20.7-21.0 kg). However, when removing from experience, the piglets of the experimental groups in terms of live weight exceeded peers from the control group by 0.1-2.3 kg or 0.2-5.1%. In accordance with this, there was also a general increase in live weight, which in the piglets of the experimental groups exceeded that in the control by 0.4–2.4 kg or 1.6–9.9%. Differences in these indicators between groups I and IV of animals are statistically unreliable.

The calculation of the average daily gain in live weight showed that replacing wheat bran with dry beer grains in the feed of 4 to 6% (experimental groups II and III) did not have a statistically significant effect on the growth energy of piglets.

Whereas replacing 6% of wheat bran with an equivalent amount of beer grains and enriching compound feeds with the probiotic Probiocel was accompanied by an increase in the average daily growth (from 506 to 556 g) in IV piglets compared with the control by a statistically significant amount (P <0.05).

This is due to the use of the probiotic "Probiotsela", as it is intended as a drug to normalize the activity of the microbiocenosis of the gastrointestinal tract, increase the digestibility of dietary fiber, and stimulate the metabolism in the body.

Feed costs per 1 kg of growth were in accordance with the increase in mass of animals in groups. So, on the whole, in the control group per 1 kg of weight gain, compound feeds were consumed - 2.47 kg, in the second experimental group - 2.38 kg or 3.7%, in the third experimental group - 2.43 kg or 1, 6% and in experimental IV - 2.25 kg or 9.0% less.

Table 5 shows the cost of feed consumed per 1 kg of increase in live weight of piglets.

According to the data given in table 5, the cost of feed for piglets from the experimental groups was slightly higher than that for the control group. This was due to the higher cost of dry beer grains (2.0 rubles / kg) compared with wheat bran (1.5 rubles / kg).

However, a higher increase in live weight in piglets of the experimental groups provided an excess of the cost of additional growth over the difference in the cost of feed by 16.7-115.2 rubles. compared to control.

Table 5 The cost of feed consumed per 1 kg of weight gain in piglets grown from 60 to 108 days of age on feed with beer pellets Indicators Groups Counter. I Experienced II III IV Feed consumed during the growing period, kg 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.0 The cost of 1 kg of feed, rubles. 3.20 3.26 3,305 3.34 The cost of feed consumed for the experience, rub. 192.0 192.6 195.0 196.8 The difference in the cost of feed, rub. - +3.6 + 6.3 +8.4 Total gain, kg 24.3 25,2 24.7 26.7 Additional gain, kg - 0.9 0.4 2,4 Realization cost of additional growth (50 rubles / kg), rubles - 45 twenty 120 The excess cost of additional growth over the difference in the cost of feed, rub. - +44.4 +16.7 +115.2

The introduction of the probiotic "Probiocel" as a biologically active additive in animal feed also helps to increase the digestibility of the feed and increase the weight gain of animals. In addition, the resulting feed provided an increase in the growth energy of piglets by 7.9%, feed conversion by 7.6%, as well as an additional profit of 98.5 rubles. per 1 head.

The invention is applicable to pig-breeding industrial complexes, mechanized farms, as well as in farms.

Claims (1)

The method of feeding piglets, including the introduction of dry beer grains into the feed, characterized in that before introduction into the feed, the dry beer grains are enriched with the probiotic Probiocel with the content of Bacillus subtilis 8130 at least 2.5 · 10 ⁷ CFU in 1 g of the grains and the enriched pellets in feed to piglets from 60 to 108 days of age 2 times a day in the amount of 6% by weight of feed.