RU227841U1 - MANUAL SEEDER FOR SOWING SMALL-SEEDED CROPS IN BREEDING PLOTS - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering and can be used in agricultural institutions engaged in selection and seed production activities.

The seeder includes a frame with control handles, drive wheels, driving wheels, a support wheel, a seeding unit including a housing with an unloading opening for seeds, a cover, a distribution cone with cells for seeds, a seed tube, a coulter, a lever for deepening the lever, a drive in the form of a storage battery, an electric drive, a worm gear, a clutch of the drive wheels with lugs, a drive shaft, a gear transmission, a start key. The seeder allows for uniform sowing of small-seeded crops on small selection plots due to an electromechanical drive that ensures a uniform speed of movement of the seeder during sowing. 1 pr., 5 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to agricultural engineering, in particular to manual selection seeders for small-seeded crops, used for sowing seeds in small plots with the possibility of sowing in several rows simultaneously.

In the selection and seed production process, one of the most important works is sowing. At the early stages of selection, during selection, sometimes selected seeds are obtained in very small quantities and each seed has the greatest selection value in further work with them, they are sown in small plots (up to 2 meters long). At the same time, it is necessary to ensure uniform distribution of seeds both in depth and in the length of the row, so that all seeds during germination and further development have the same conditions both in terms of nutrition area and in terms of illumination and moisture supply.

A selection seeder is known (Utility Model No. 223440, A01C 7/00, 2024) comprising a frame on which an axle with support-drive wheels rotating on it, coulters for forming seed furrows with support-press wheels, a container for placing seeds in it with seeding units installed on it, connected to the coulters, and a spring harrow installed behind the coulters, as well as a three-point hitch for connecting to a tractor. The unit is placed on the edge of the plot and the seeder is adjusted to a given seeding rate. The container for placing seeds in it is filled with seeds, then the support-drive wheels are turned to fill the seeding units with seeds. During the movement of the seeder, the support and drive wheels rotate, transmitting rotation to the drive mechanism (continuously variable transmission), which in turn transmits rotation to the shaft of the seeding units. The seeds poured into the container are mixed by the seed stirrer, fall into the seeding units, which direct them to the seed pipes made in the form of a telescopic pipe. The coulters form seed furrows, place the seeds coming from the seed pipe in them and cover the furrows with soil. The support and pressing wheels compact the furrow, the spring harrow levels the surface. After finishing sowing on the plot, the remaining seeds are poured out of the container and cleaned using a cleaning device installed on the frame to prepare for sowing the next crop.

The disadvantage of the well-known selection seeder is that this seeder is not applicable on plots 2 meters long due to the large turning radius of the tractor, the impossibility of controlling the sowing of small seeds (for example, flax) in quantities of 1...2 grams and manual control of the seeder by the operator.

A manual seeder is known (according to Russian patent No. 2298906, A01C 7/02, 2007), including sidewalls, on the outside of which running wheels with soil grippers are mounted on a shaft, and inside between the sidewalls there are bunkers, coulters, seeding drums with seed collection cells mounted on the same shaft with the running wheels, bunkers are located on the side of the seeding drums, and coulters are installed in front of the drums.

Having poured the seeds into the hoppers, the seeder moves the seeder using the handle. As the seeder moves, the running wheels roll along the ground and rotate on the shaft simultaneously with the seeding drums. As the drums rotate, the seeds in the hoppers are captured by the seed-collecting cells and fall into the coulters under their own weight, as well as due to the vibration of the drums created by vibrating elements placed in the cavity of the seeding drum, for example, in the form of a faceted ball, a piece of a hexagon or a nut. As the seeder moves, the coulters make a furrow into which the seeds roll and partially cover them with earth. The final filling of the seeds is carried out using coverers, and the place of seed embedment is compacted with packing wheels.

The disadvantage of the well-known manual seeder is uneven sowing due to the unguaranteed capture of seeds by the seed collecting cells of the drum.

A manual seeder is known from the prior art (according to the USSR patent No. 1389705, A01C 7/02, 1988), comprising a frame mounted on wheels, a hopper with seeding units. A coulter, a seed tube, coverers, control handles, other elements and a press roller, which is made in the form of two horizontal plates, each of which is connected to the frame by means of a flexible spring element and two hinged levers, forming together with the frame and plates a four-link mechanism located in a longitudinal-vertical plane, are successively mounted on the frame.

The seeder moves as follows. The seeder, resting his feet on the plates, sets the seeder in motion using the control handles. As the seeder moves, the seeder moves forward due to the alternating movement of his feet. When the foot is raised, the corresponding plate is raised and moved forward due to the flexible elements and the corresponding four-link. The lowering of the plates and their pressing to the soil occurs when the seeder steps on them with his foot. As the seeder moves, the seeds from the bunker enter the seeding units, from where they are directed through the seed pipes into the furrow, which is cut by the coulters. The seeds are covered by means of coverers.

The disadvantage of the known manual seeder is the unevenness of sowing due to the fact that the seeds are fed into the seeding units before the seeder starts moving.

A manual seeder is known (according to the USSR patent No. 959658, A01C 7/02, 1982), comprising a frame mounted on support wheels with a control handle, a seed feed mechanism, a seeding unit and a drive with a rolling roller connected to the frame; the drive is mounted on the axle by means of an overrunning clutch, and the axle is secured to the frame by means of a friction-screw connection. The seed feed mechanism is made in the form of a cassette system with cells and a lever, and the seeding device is made in the form of a distribution cone, a reflective cone and a seed conveyor, a coulter, support wheels, a drive, a lever with a control handle, an indicator, which is made in the form of a battery and an incandescent lamp connected to the battery network through a mercury switch, which "indicates" the vertical position and is triggered when the cone is vertical, which the seeder ensures with the help of a lever, lifting the seeder and turning it around the support wheels. The seeder, pressing the lever down, turns the seeder around the support wheels until the signal lamp lights up due to the operation of the manual switch when the cone axis is vertical, using the lever knocks out the lower cell and the seeds from the next cell are fed through a tube to the distribution cone under the reflective cone and are distributed along the conveyor. The seeder then moves the seeder forward using the lever and as it moves, the support wheels through the drive set the conveyor in motion and the seeds fall into the furrow formed by the coulter, and the rolling roller seals the seeds into the soil.

The disadvantage of the known manual seeder is the low quality of sowing, since in the known manual seeder the seeder moves the seeder by a lever with a handle and therefore cannot ensure a uniform speed of movement of the seeder, which is necessary to ensure uniform sowing of seeds of small-seeded crops of high reproductions.

The technical result of the claimed utility model is the creation of a design that ensures uniform seeding by ensuring a uniform speed of movement of the seeder due to the mechanical electric drive of the seeder.

Disclosure of a utility model.

The technical result, which the claimed utility model is aimed at obtaining, is achieved in that the claimed technical solution including a frame with a control handle mounted on support wheels, a seeding unit with a distribution cone, a mechanism for feeding seeds into the seeding unit, a coulter, an indicator of the vertical position of the distribution cone axis, a drive shaft, and also a storage battery, according to the utility model, is additionally equipped with a second control handle mounted on the frame, a coulter deepening lever with a stopper, drive wheels with lugs, a stop wheel, and the mechanism for feeding seeds into the seeding unit is made in the form of a funnel installed on the top of the distribution cone, the seeding unit is made in the form of a housing fixedly mounted on the frame with an unloading opening for seeds, a lid with a central opening for the funnel and a distribution cone rotating on the drive shaft with cells made with the help of partitions on its sloping surface at its base, an indicator the vertical position of the axis of the distribution cone is made in the form of a level fixed to the frame, the drive is made in the form of a battery, an electric drive, a worm gear, a clutch with a stopper, a drive shaft, a drive gear, a driven gear, a drive shaft and a start key installed on one of the control handles, while the stop wheel is installed on the frame with a shift from the longitudinal axis of the seeder equal to half the inter-row distance of the plot and above its surface.

Brief description of the drawings.

Fig. 1 - schematically shows the claimed seeder, side view;

Fig. 2 - view A in Fig. 1 (top view in three-row design);

In Fig. 3 - view B in Fig. 1 (mechanical electric drive);

In Fig. 4 - view B in Fig. 1;

Fig. 5 shows a schematic diagram of the seeding apparatus.

The claimed seeder includes a frame 1 with control handles 2, drive wheels 3 with lugs 4, a drive shaft 5, drive wheels 6, a drive shaft 7, a stop wheel 8, a drive gear 9, a driven gear 10, a housing 11 of a seeding device with an unloading window 12, a distribution cone 13 with cells 14 for seeds and partitions 14a of the cells, rotating on a drive shaft 7, a cover 15 with a central hole, the axis of which coincides with the axis of the distribution cone, a funnel 16, a seed pipe 17, a coulter 18, a lever 19 for deepening the coulter, a stopper 20 of the lever, a level 21, a battery 22, an electric drive 23, a worm gear 24, a clutch 25, a stopper 26 of the clutch, a key 27 launch.

The claimed utility model operates as follows. The seeder is brought to the plot start line (placed on the plot edge). Before sowing, seeds are poured into the funnel 16 in an amount sufficient for sowing a furrow of a length equal to the plot length. The operator, using the lever 19 of the opener deepening mechanism 18, lowers the latter to the required depth in the soil and fixes the deepening of the opener with the stopper 20. He makes sure with the help of the level 21 that the frame 1 is horizontal and, if necessary, sets the seeder with the help of the handles 2 in a position in which the frame is located horizontally, which means that the axis of the distribution cone 13 is located strictly vertically.

Having made sure that the frame 1 of the seeder is in a horizontal position, the operator (seeder) manually lifts the funnel 16, whereby the seeds fall along the distribution cone 13 and are evenly distributed into its cells 14 formed by partitions 14a installed at a certain pitch along the generators of the distribution cone at its base. The operator turns on the clutch 25 of the drive wheels 3 by turning the stopper 26 and the electric drive 23 - by pressing the start button 27 installed on the seeder control handle 2 by hand, whereby the stopper 26 of the clutch 25 will come into contact with the stop on the drive shaft 5, the electric drive 23 on the worm gear 24 will turn on and the drive wheels 3 with the lugs 4 will be set in rotation, the seeder will begin to move forward. When the seeder moves forward, the drive wheels 6 rotate due to friction with the ground, the rotation is transmitted through the drive shaft 5 to the drive gear 9, the driven gear 10 and the drive shaft 7 to the distribution cone 13 with seeds in its cells 14. When the cone 13 rotates, its cells 14 pass the unloading window 12 in the housing 11 of the seeding unit and the seeds fall out under the force of gravity into the seed unloading pipes, from which they enter the coulter 18 through the seed pipe 17 and are sown into the soil. During the movement of the seeder, the operator monitors the direction of its movement, manually adjusting the direction, if necessary, with the control handles 2. When the furrow is finished sowing and the distribution cone 13 has made a full revolution around its axis and its cells 12 are free of seeds, it is necessary to stop the movement of the seeder using key 27. To turn the seeder 180°, it is necessary to manually lift the drive wheels 3 above the soil until the stop wheel 8 makes contact with the soil and turn the seeder on the stop wheel. Then the cycle is repeated when the seeder is moving in the opposite direction. After completing the work on the plots, disconnect the clutch 25 of the drive wheels 3 by turning the stopper 26 in the opposite direction and disengaging the wheels 3 from the drive shaft 5. The seeder can also be used for its movement by the force of the operator's hands, when the electric drive is disconnected.

The seeder can be used for simultaneous sowing of several rows of a plot; for this, several seeding units with their own gear drives must be installed on the frame.

Example.

A prototype of a manual selection seeder for oil flax was manufactured for sowing in plots 2 meters long with an inter-row distance of 20 cm and a number of simultaneously sown rows equal to 3, with the following technical characteristics of the seeder: distribution cone diameter 95 mm, number of cone cells 40 pcs, seeder speed 300 mm/sec, wheel torque 300 Nm, electric drive power 6 W, supply voltage 12 V (battery), battery capacity 9 Ah, seeder dimensions: length 1050 mm, width 750 mm, height 950 mm, weight 27 kg. Considering the required number of seeds for a row length of 2 meters, the portion of seeds weighed in each funnel was taken equal to 1.5 g; seeding time per portion of seeds 10 sec.

Testing of the claimed technical solution during sowing of oil flax seeds in plots 2 m long showed: uniform shoots emerged simultaneously, which indicates the achievement of the above-mentioned technical result by the complex of claimed features of the seeder.

Claims (2)

1. A manual seeder for sowing small-seeded crops in selection plots, including a frame with a control handle mounted on support wheels, a seeding unit with a distribution cone, a mechanism for feeding seeds into the seeding unit, a coulter, an indicator of the vertical position of the distribution cone axis, a drive, and a storage battery, characterized in that it is additionally equipped with a second control handle mounted on the frame, a coulter deepening lever with a stopper, drive wheels with lugs, a stop wheel, and the mechanism for feeding seeds into the seeding unit is made in the form of a funnel installed on the top of the distribution cone, the seeding unit is made in the form of a housing fixedly mounted on the frame with an unloading window for seeds, a lid with a central opening for the funnel and a distribution cone rotating on a drive shaft with cells made using partitions on its sloping surface at its base, an indicator The vertical position of the distribution cone axis is made in the form of a level fixed to the frame, the drive is made in the form of a battery, an electric drive, a worm gear, a clutch with a stopper, a drive shaft, a drive gear, a driven gear, a drive shaft and a start key installed on one of the control handles. 2. A seeder according to item 1, characterized in that the stop wheel is mounted on the frame with an offset from the longitudinal axis of the seeder equal to half the inter-row distance of the plot, and above its surface.

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