RU227541U1 - Sectional type rescue device - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to means of rescuing people during fires at facilities with large numbers of citizens. A sectional-type rescue device for lowering people from a building in case of fire contains an interconnected receiving section, intermediate sections and a section directing those being rescued to a safe area from dangerous fire factors, and the device is equipped with a space formed by a silica heat-resistant smoke-gas-tight fabric impregnated with a fire-retardant solution capable of withstanding temperature range from –60°C to +1100°C, in which the indicated interconnected sections are located, the intermediate sections are made with an upper base in the shape of a square with a side of 1.6 m and a lower stretchable base with a diameter of 0.8 m, and the upper and the lower bases are connected to each other by fire-resistant elastic fabric, the intermediate sections are connected in such a way that the lower stretchable bases of the sections are directed in opposite directions relative to each other, the height of the receiving and each of the intermediate sections is 2 m, the height of the section directing those being rescued to a safe area from dangerous fire factors is 4 m, and to the lower stretchable base of the section directing those being rescued to a safe area from dangerous fire factors, an open elastic chute 4 m long is attached, designed to be held in tension by two firefighters on each side by means of a fire-resistant cord attached to the gutter eye and to the fire hook. The technical result is to increase the intensity of rescuing people in the event of a fire at facilities with large numbers of citizens. 1 salary f-ly, 6 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to means of rescuing people during fires at facilities with large numbers of citizens.

International Patent Classification Index - IPC A62B 1/20 (Human needs - Saving lives; extinguishing fires - Devices, apparatus or methods for saving lives - Fire rescue; rescue from buildings or the like - Devices for lowering people from buildings or the like using sliding cables, sliding posts or channels, e.g. hoses, pipes, sliding grooves, sliding sheets [2006.01]).

The scope of application of a sectional type rescue device is to ensure the independent or forced movement of people from places where they may be exposed to dangerous fire factors (reduced visibility in smoke; increased concentration of toxic combustion products and thermal decomposition; reduced concentration of air oxygen, etc.) and ( or) manifestations accompanying them, and evacuation from which is blocked by dangerous fire factors.

A rescue device for evacuating people from buildings is known (patent RU 2618466 C2 dated 10/30/2014, published 05/03/2017), which is a flexible rescue hose, inside of which, in the form of a cascade with a certain step equal to the average height of a person, braking means are located in the form of a truncated cone or having the shape of half a hyperboloid figure, wherein the outlet opening of the brake means is connected to the sleeve by means of flexible elements arranged radially in one or two rows along the height of each means. In the area of large diameter of the braking means, a hatch is made on the rescue hose and a ring of rope is reinforced with freely hanging sections, at the ends of which there are loops, while the outlet of the rescue hose is equipped with an elastic mesh inside and has a ring with stretch marks on the outside. The evacuee descends into the sleeve through the inlet and, under the influence of gravity, moves (slides) down, touching any parts of the body with the shell of elastic elements or braking means, as a result of which the speed of his movement is automatically extinguished and at the exit from the rescue sleeve the speed is minimal and close to zero. In this case, the evacuee falls on the elastic mesh and exits the sleeve through the outlet onto a hard surface.

A device for rescuing people from buildings in emergency situations is also known (patent RU 179796 U1 dated July 27, 2017, published May 24, 2018), which is a rescue ladder, at the cross-sectional corners of which there are supporting ropes, between which fencing ropes are attached on three sides of the ladder , the ladder is equipped with transverse form-building frames with shock-absorbing elements, which are fabric platforms having outer and central passage holes, exits from the passage holes are equipped with fabric slides, an additional rope is located in one row of the outer holes, and a container is attached to the bottom of the ladder.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed utility model is a sectional device for evacuation (patent RU 170374 U1 dated 03/09/2016, published on 04/24/2017), which is a set of sections shaped like a funnel with a rotated outlet, the number of which increases (is hooked up) ) depending on the height of the work being carried out. The device allows for the evacuation of people with an average vertical speed of 1.5-2 m/s. In addition, the design is designed for simultaneous evacuation of up to 5 people in the device, maintaining a minimum safe distance between them.

The disadvantages of the sectional evacuation device chosen as a prototype are:

an open method of connecting sections, which does not ensure the safe rescue of people due to exposure to dangerous fire factors, such as flames and sparks, heat flow, increased concentration of toxic combustion products and thermal decomposition;

the absence of signal reflective strips on the design of sections to attract the attention of fire departments and people in the dark;

the presence on the exit section of a closed rescue hose with a diameter of 0.6 m and a length of 4 m, preventing those being rescued from freely leaving the space of the rescue device and moving to a safe area.

The purpose of the utility model is to highly efficiently and quickly move people from areas of fire hazards to a safe environment by increasing the intensity of rescuing victims per unit of time (especially when saving a large number of people is required), as well as equipping fire departments with modern multifunctional unified fire fighting equipment.

The technical result of a sectional-type rescue device is to increase the intensity of rescuing people in the event of a fire at facilities with a large population of citizens, due to the continuous zigzag movement of victims in the elements (sections) of the device in the form of a truncated cone, ensuring the safety of people while moving from dangerous fire factors , due to the location of the sections in a closed space, filled with heat-resistant, smoke-gas-proof fabric, as well as the prompt exit of the device by those being rescued and transition to a safe area, due to an open elastic chute 4 m long.

A sectional type rescue device includes a sequential set of sections (Fig. 4 and Fig. 6): a receiving section (Fig. 1), intermediate sections (Fig. 2) and a section directing those being rescued to a safe area from dangerous fire factors (Fig. 3).

The elements of the device - sections are made in the shape of a truncated cone, the upper base of which is made in the shape of a square with a side of 1.6 m for a tight fit to the external wall of the building, the lower stretchable (25% of the original state) base, with a diameter of 0.8 m, is located at an angle of 110°, the upper and lower bases are connected to each other by fire-resistant elastic fabric having a friction coefficient of 0.78, the height of one section is 2 m.

The sections connected between them are located in a closed space, made using silica heat-resistant, smoke-gas-proof fabric, impregnated with a fire retardant (fire retardant) solution, capable of withstanding extreme temperatures from -60°C to +1100°C, with signal reflective strips applied to it with a width of 0. 15 m, to attract the attention (in the dark) of fire departments rescuing victims from the building, as well as people in the area of emergency rescue operations, for warning in order to avoid danger.

Bringing the device into working condition is carried out by sequentially connecting sections, starting with the receiving section (Fig. 1), then using a safety and rescue fire rope, at the ends of which there are fire carbines, intermediate sections are attached (Fig. 2) in the amount necessary for carrying out a rescue operation, depending on the floor for rescuing people, and the device ends with a section that directs those being rescued to a safe area from dangerous fire factors (Fig. 3). The elements of the device are connected in such a way that the lower stretchable bases of the sections (0.8 m in diameter) are directed in opposite directions relative to each other. The height of the sections, except for the guide for those being rescued to the safe area, is 2 m, taking into account the installation of two sections on one span between floors, while it must be taken into account that the lower stretchable bases of the sections (0.8 m in diameter), in the operating condition of the device, must be lowered halfway into the underlying section, i.e. To adjust the installation of a sectional type rescue device, it takes 3.2 m, which corresponds to the average height of the building floor, which is 3 m. The height of the section directing those being rescued to a safe area from dangerous fire factors (Fig. 3) is 4 m, since to the bottom an open elastic chute 4 m long is attached to the stretchable base of this section (based on the fact that the slope of the chute is 1:2) for the rapid exit of the device by those being rescued and transition to a safe area, while the chute is held taut by two firefighters, on each side, using a fireproof cord attached to the eye of the gutter and to the fireman's carabiner.

To begin the implementation of salvation in the device, a person needs to take the form of an “embryo”, i.e. tuck your chin to your chest, legs to your body, clasping them with your arms (for an average person, height 175 cm and weight 75 kg, the shape of the “embryo” is determined by the dimensions of 1 × 0.6 m). Movement in the device is carried out under the influence of human gravity and the occurrence of friction between the clothing being saved and the elastic material of the section walls. When a person being rescued moves from one section to another, resistance to the acceleration of movement is also created using the stretching element of the lower base of the section, which increases in size, under the force of gravity of a person, from 0.8 meters in diameter to 1 m. At the same time, the average speed of movement of a person in the device is from 1.5-2 m/s, depending on the angle of movement of the person being rescued and the coefficient of friction of the person’s clothing on the device.

Also, the movement of a person in a device can be characterized by the law of conservation of energy, i.e. at the beginning of the movement, at the steel base of the section, the potential energy of the person being rescued is maximum (Ep = max), and the kinetic energy is zero (Ek = 0), then, when the person being rescued approaches the lower stretching base, the potential energy becomes equal to zero (Ep = 0), and the kinetic energy becomes maximum at a given point (Ek = max). This phenomenon continues as the person moves from section to section until the person being rescued is in a safe zone.

To lift the device to the required height (floor), it is allowed to use a fire truck ladder, a fire truck lift (cranked, telescopic or cranked-telescopic), as well as any crane-type equipment.

At the same time, the use of a sectional type rescue device is limited by the number of floors (fire technical height of the building) and is no more than 5 above-ground floors, and also, due to the design of the device, groups of citizens have been established for whom this device cannot be used: citizens with a disability group (with impaired statodynamic function), bedridden patients, preschool children, elderly citizens and pregnant women.

The constant readiness of a sectional type rescue device for use, the possession of the required reliability when exposed to heat and open flame, the accessibility, simplicity and safety of its use by people who do not have special training distinguishes the claimed device from other similar rescue devices.

The novelty of the utility model of a sectional type rescue device is a sequential set of sections (receiving section, intermediate sections and a section directing those being rescued to a safe area from dangerous fire factors), located in a closed space, made using silica heat-resistant, smoke-gas-proof fabric, made of bright orange color, with applied signal reflective strips 0.15 m wide to attract the attention, in the dark, of fire departments rescuing people from the building, as well as people located in the area of emergency rescue operations, for warning in order to avoid danger, as well as a special design of the section directing those being rescued to a safe zone from dangerous fire factors, which is made in the form of an open elastic chute 4 m long (based on the fact that the slope of the gutter is 1:2) for the prompt exit of the device by those being rescued and moving to the safe zone.

Brief description of drawings

Figure 1 shows a schematic representation of the receiving section. The numbers indicate:

1 - self-closing hook with an eye, designed for a load of up to 3.2 tons, operates under the weight of the load and locks, which eliminates the possibility of involuntary self-opening;

2 - fire safety and rescue rope (diameter 11 mm) with fire carbines at the ends, with a maximum permissible load of 350 kg;

3 - silica heat-resistant, smoke-gas-proof fabric, impregnated with a fire retardant (fire retardant) solution, capable of withstanding extreme temperatures from -60°C to +1100°C;

4 - steel hook with adjustable length (from 0.5 m to 1 m) and a diameter of 20 mm;

5 - omega-shaped bracket G209, with a working load of 2 tons;

6 - steel base of the section in the shape of a square with a side of 1.6 m;

7 - stretch element of the section (returning stretch spring);

8 - fire-resistant elastic fabric;

9 - signal reflective strip with a width of 0.15 m and a reflectance coefficient of 400 cd/lx⋅m ² ;

10 - lower stretchable (25% of the original state) base, with a diameter of 0.8 m;

11 - fire-resistant elastic fabric with a friction coefficient of 0.78.

In fig. Figure 2 shows a schematic representation of intermediate sections that are built up depending on the height (number of floors) of rescue operations.

In fig. Figure 3 shows a schematic representation of the section directing those being rescued to a safe area from dangerous fire factors. The numbers indicate:

1 - fire-resistant elastic fabric having a coefficient of friction equal to 0.78;

2 - omega-shaped bracket G209, with a working load of 2 tons;

3 - fire safety and rescue rope (diameter 11 mm), with fire carabiners at the ends, with a maximum permissible load of 350 kg;

4 - employees (workers) of the fire department.

In fig. Figure 4 shows a schematic representation of a device ready for work to rescue victims from the fire zone.

In fig. Figure 5 shows a schematic representation of the movement of the person being rescued in the device.

In fig. Figure 6 shows a schematic representation of emergency rescue operations carried out by fire departments using a sectional type rescue device.

Claims (2)

1. A sectional-type rescue device for lowering people from a building in case of fire, containing an interconnected receiving section, intermediate sections and a section directing those being rescued to a safe area from dangerous fire factors, characterized in that the device is equipped with a space formed by a silica heat-resistant smoke-gas-tight fabric, impregnated with a fire retardant solution capable of withstanding temperatures from –60°C to +1100°C, in which the indicated interconnected sections are located, the intermediate sections are made with an upper base in the shape of a square with a side of 1.6 m and a lower stretchable base with a diameter of 0 ,8 m, with the upper and lower bases connected to each other by fire-resistant elastic fabric, the intermediate sections are connected in such a way that the lower stretchable bases of the sections are directed in opposite directions relative to each other, the height of the receiving section and each of the intermediate sections is 2 m, the height of the section, guiding those being rescued to a safe area from dangerous fire factors is 4 m, and to the lower stretchable base of the section guiding those being rescued to a safe area from dangerous fire factors, an open elastic chute 4 m long is attached, designed to be held in tension by two firefighters each sides by means of a fire-resistant cord attached to the eye of the gutter and to the fire carabiner. 2. A sectional-type rescue device according to claim 1, characterized in that the outer fire-resistant, smoke-gas-tight fabric is made of orange color, and signal reflective strips 0.15 m wide are applied to the said fabric.