RU2275005C1 - Grinding, mixing and dispensing apparatus for stalked fodder in round bales and for concentrated feeds - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, equipment used in animal farming and feed production.

SUBSTANCE: grinding, mixing and dispensing apparatus has drive part, inclined rotating cylindrical hopper, grinding unit and charging device. Grinding unit is located within casing and comprises rotor with grinding knives and pivotal hammers. Cylindrical hopper is mounted on one of casing walls, said wall being equipped with window. Diameter of cylindrical hopper is at least two times as large as diameter of window. Other wall of grinding unit casing is provided with charging opening. Hopper for concentrated feeds fixed on said other wall has discharge throat coinciding with charging opening provided through grinding unit wall. Apparatus of such construction enables grinding of stalked fodder and adding of concentrated feeds in predetermined ratios.

EFFECT: wider operational capabilities and increased efficiency.

3 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to mechanical engineering for animal husbandry and feed production, in particular to grinder-mixers-distributors of feed.

Known feed shredders (AS USSR No. 1210729, class A 01 F 29/10, brochures of Taarup, Kvernoland firms) containing a frame with a rotating feed hopper having a fixed bottom with a window under which the chopping rotor is placed.

A disadvantage of the known device is the high loading height and limited technological ability - grinding of roughage.

Known chopper-distributor of rolls of hay, straw and haylage, including the chassis, the loading device of the rolled feed and bedding, an inclined cylindrical hopper, a grinding device, which is a rotating disk with axially placed slots and knives, located in the casing with one side discharge window.

The disadvantages of this device are the low reliability when foreign objects (stones, metal products, etc.) are hit, as well as the limited technological ability - grinding and distribution of roughage. Closest to the proposed one is a shredder (RF patent RU 2114525 C1, 6 A 01 F 29/00) containing a frame on which a cylindrical hopper is mounted obliquely with the possibility of rotation. The bottom of the hopper is fixedly mounted with a gap relative to its lateral cylindrical surface and has a grinding apparatus and two loading windows: for roughage and root crops, which are blocked by one rotary lid. Due to the expansion of technological capabilities, the proposed device can grind not only coarse feed rolls, but also root crops. The main disadvantage of such a grinder is the possibility of its use only for grinding roughage or root crops, i.e. limited use of its technological capabilities.

To eliminate this drawback, the proposed device on the other wall of the grinding apparatus has a loading hole and a hopper for concentrated feed with a screw in the lower part is fixed, the discharge neck of which is combined with the loading hole in the wall of the grinding apparatus, and the rotor disk has holes between them on both sides radially or axially fixed blades with a serrated working edge. The shell of the grinding apparatus has an upper and lower window, covered by guiding visors, while the upper window serves to dispense material to the feeder or den, or to the stack, and the lower window to dispense material to the aft buffet passage.

The use of a loading window in the grinding apparatus and openings in two opposite walls, into which concentrated and coarse feeds are fed at the same time, as well as openings in the rotor disk, allows not only grinding coarse feeds in rolls, but also mixing them with concentrated feeds with a given ratio, and the presence of the upper and lower discharge windows in the shell of the grinding apparatus provides the upper delivery of materials to the feeder, lair and stack, or the lower delivery of the feed mixture to the Swedish stern type feed passage ol ", that is, it allows you to expand the technological capabilities of the grinder.

In Fig.1 shows a chopper-mixer-distributor of feed on the side;

figure 2 is the same view from the side of the drive;

figure 3 - the rotor of the grinding apparatus.

The chopper-mixer-distributor of stalked feed in rolls and concentrated feeds (Figs. 1 and 2) contains a running gear 1 on which a chopping apparatus 5 is installed, including a rotor with chopping knives and articulated hammers, placed in the housing, on one of the walls which, having a window, is mounted movably on rollers 4, a loading cylindrical hopper 3, a loading device 2 for feed in rolls, a hopper for concentrated feed 6, in the lower part of which a screw 7 is installed, a counter-drive 8 for driving a cylindrical unkera and auger main actuator 9.

The housing includes a small 10 and a large sidewall 11, a shell 12, a rotor 13, blocks of contradictions 14, guiding visors 15. The small sidewall is made according to the diameter of the grinding apparatus, the large sidewall covers not only the grinding apparatus on the other hand, but also is a fixed bottom of the rotating cylindrical hopper. In the small sidewall there is an opening to which the discharge neck of the screw adjoins, and a central hole for connecting the rotor bearing housing, a window is provided in the large sidewall through which the rotor knives exit to the cylindrical hopper. The diameter of the cylindrical hopper is at least twice the diameter of the window. In the casing there are unloading upper 16 and lower 17 windows, overlapped by the guiding visors 15. When the upper window is open and the lower one is closed, the feed goes to the feeder or litter in the den. The lower window opens in case of feed for the passage of the buffet. In this case, the top window closes.

The rotor consists of a square disk 18, at the corners of which the hammers 21 are pivotally mounted using the brackets 19 and the axles 20. At least two cutting knives 22 are installed on the rotor for separation from the monolith and preliminary grinding of the mass, the ends of which protrude beyond the sidewall into the cylindrical bunker. To transport the cut material from the center to the periphery of the disk and to create a ventilation effect, two blades with serrated edges are fixed on both sides of the disk 23. Holes 24 are provided in the disk for redistributing the feed materials between the zones lying behind and in front of the disk, which improves mixing of the feed components . The rotor shaft rotates in two bearings that are mounted in a flanged housing. At the end of the shaft, a hopper and auger drive pulley can be installed. In the case of a hopper drive from a hydraulic motor, the V-belt drive from the rotor shaft is not installed.

The block of contradictions 14 (Fig.1,2) is spring-loaded and has the ability to exit the grinding zone in the event of foreign objects. The block of contradictions returns to its original position under the force of the spring 24. The unit is equipped with at least two contradictions installed in front of the unloading windows. In cases where a high degree of grinding of the material is not required, blocks of contradictions are removed from the working area in advance.

Guide visors 15 serve to guide the flow of material. In addition, they have the ability to completely block the discharge windows.

The cylindrical feed hopper in rolls (FIG. 1) consists of a cylindrical shell 3, a support ring 25, which rests on the rollers 4. A roller chain 26 is welded next to the support ring, with which the asterisk of the hopper drive shaft engages. The hopper is mounted relative to the fixed bottom (sidewall of the grinding apparatus) with a gap. Support rollers are fixed to the frame of the grinding apparatus.

A hopper for concentrated feeds 6 is attached to the front sidewall of the chopping apparatus. The hopper has a V-shape, in the lower part of it there is a cantilever auger, the discharge neck of which is combined with the loading hole in the wall of the chopping apparatus. The screw is driven from the drive shaft of a cylindrical hopper through a variator (for example, V-belt), which allows you to change the number of concentrated feed in the mixture. In this case, the rotational speed of the screw changes synchronously with the change in the rotational speed of the hopper; the ratio of these rotational speeds all the time remains unchanged, namely equal to a predetermined one, due to the gear ratio of the variator. In order to prevent concentrated feed from spilling out of the hopper into the chopper-mixer when the PTO is off, the end of the auger is placed in the mouthpiece 27.

The loading device 2 includes two fixed grippers, a system of brackets, levers and a hydraulic system, providing girth, lifting and feeding the roll into the hopper.

Chopper-mixer-distributor operates as follows. Initially, rolls of haylage, hay or straw with a front-end loader equipped with a special grab are installed vertically at a small distance from each other on a horizontal platform. Then, on the grinder-mixer-distributor, the hydraulic system lowers the grippers into a horizontal position and maximally spread out in different directions. After that, the unit in reverse moves to the roll until it stops, while the driver should position the center of the unit as accurately as possible in the center of the roll. Then, by transferring the handles of the dispenser, the driver first grabs the roll with grippers, then raises the roll and feeds it into the hopper. After that, the unit moves to the concentrated feed storage, where it is loaded with them. When approaching the places of issue, the grips are spread apart and the tractor PTO is engaged. At this time, the inclined loading cylindrical hopper 3, rotating, rotates the roll, as a result of which it is fed to the loading window. Grinding knives 22 of the rotor 13, protruding through the window beyond the edge of the bottom 11, provide for the gradual milling of the entire circular surface of the rotating roll. The cut portions of the feed with the blades 23 are sent to the hammers 21, which, when introduced by the contradictions, grind them up. At the same time, on the other side of the rotor from the hopper 6 with a screw 7, concentrated feeds are fed into the grinding apparatus, most of which are blades 23 immediately sent to the inter-hammer space, and the rest through the hole 24 (Fig. 3) in the disk enters the cutting zone. In the inter-hammer space, stalked and concentrated feeds are mixed and thrown into the feeders in the form of feed mixtures.

The rate of delivery of the feed mixture to the feeders is governed by a change in the rotational speed of the cylindrical hopper and the speed of the aggregate, the ratio of feed components in the mix is controlled by a change in the rotational speed of the screw relative to the angular velocity of the cylindrical hopper for rolls with a variator.

In comparison with the prototype, the proposed device allows to expand the technological capabilities of the unit due to its use not only on grinding stalked feed in rolls, but also on mixing them with concentrated feed and distribution of feed mixtures.

Claims (3)

1. Chopper-mixer-distributor of stalked feed in rolls and concentrated feed, consisting of a chassis, drive, feed device for feed in rolls, a chopping apparatus, including a rotor with chopping knives and articulated hammers placed in the housing, on one of the walls of which having a window are mounted movably on rollers on a loading cylindrical hopper, the diameter of which is at least two times the diameter of the window, characterized in that there is a loading on the other wall of the grinding apparatus full-time hole and a hopper for concentrated feed with a screw in the lower part is fixed, the discharge neck of which is combined with the loading hole in the wall of the grinding apparatus. 2. The chopper-mixer-distributor according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotor disk has openings between which blades with a toothed working edge are radially or axially fixed on both sides. 3. The chopper-mixer-dispenser according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the shell of the grinding apparatus has an upper and lower window, overlapping guide peaks, while the upper window serves to dispense material into the feeder, or den, or into the stack, and bottom window - for dispensing material to the aft buffet aisle.

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