RU227340U1 - WET FEED MIXER-GRINDER - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to equipment for grinding and mixing dry bulk and wet materials in the preparation of wet fish food. The objective of the proposed technical solution is to effectively simultaneously mix and grind dry bulk and wet viscous raw materials, including fibrous ones, to increase the uniformity of wet fish food, as well as ensure complete emptying of the device body when unloading wet food. The problem is solved by using a technical solution that includes racks with crossbars, a housing with a shaft, a cover and an outlet window with a damper in the lower part, a cutting mechanism in the form of knives placed on the shaft and a mixing mechanism in the form of a helical spiral located on the shaft are installed in the housing, and the knives are placed between the turns of the helical spiral along the entire length of the shaft, and the body has two holders, rigidly fixed at its ends on one side and in the holes of the crossbars with the possibility of rotation on the other side, due to which the body can be rotated around the horizontal axis by 180° and fixed bolts in two different positions. The use of the utility model will ensure effective simultaneous mixing and grinding of dry bulk and wet viscous raw materials, including fibrous ones, which will increase the uniformity of wet fish food, as well as complete emptying of the device body when unloading wet food.

Description

The utility model relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to equipment for grinding and mixing dry bulk and wet materials in the preparation of wet fish food.

Mixers are known from the prior art, including a housing in which a horizontal shaft is placed with mixing working bodies, for example blades or a screw, mixing raw materials when the shaft rotates.

The disadvantage of these mixers is that high homogeneity of the feed mixture is achieved only by mixing dry bulk raw materials. If the mixture includes wet plant raw materials of high viscosity, such as green mass of herbs, sapropel, algae, unthreshed ears of corn, then during the mixing process its particles combine and form unmixed materials, sticking of the raw material to the working parts, which leads to significant heterogeneity of the resulting mixture . Mixing fibrous plant materials is especially difficult, since its fibers envelop the working parts, reducing the productivity of the mixer. In addition, unloading viscous and wet feed mixtures through the unloading window in the lower part of the housing is difficult, which leads to incomplete emptying of the mixer.

Mixer-grinders are known from the prior art, including, in addition to mixing working bodies located on a horizontal shaft, also grinding working bodies. Their use makes it possible to combine the mixing of dry bulk and wet viscous raw materials and its grinding in one machine, to ensure the destruction of fibers and impurities formed during the mixing process and, thereby, to ensure the production of feed mixtures of higher homogeneity than with conventional mixers.

The disadvantage of these mixer-grinders is that the mixing and grinding working bodies are placed on their shaft sequentially in such a way that the materials loaded into the housing, moving along the shaft, are first mixed and then crushed, after which the finished mixture is unloaded. In addition, the grinding working elements are located on a significantly smaller part of the shaft length than the mixing ones. With this design of the mixer-grinder, in the process of mixing wet viscous raw materials, particles join (stick together), and impurities are formed, which complicate its implementation, which reduces the productivity of the machine, since some of the already separated and mixed raw material particles are again connected to each other. Since unmixed materials have a higher density than other mixed materials, they sink into the lower part of the mixer-grinder body, which leads to stratification of the mixture. Grinding of the mixture when the grinding elements are placed at the end of the shaft on a small part of its length is carried out only during a small part of the working cycle of the mixer-grinder, which is not enough to completely destroy the impurities and increase the homogeneity of the mixture. Mixer-grinders are also characterized by difficult unloading of viscous wet mixtures through the unloading window in the housing and its incomplete emptying, especially when unloading the final portion of feed before stopping the mixer-grinder at the end of the production cycle.

In particular, a mixer-grinder is known (utility model patent No. 43788 RU, application November 15, 2004, published February 10, 2005), which includes a cylindrical body with inlet and outlet windows, in which a cutting mechanism is installed in the form of knives placed on a shaft and a mixing mechanism in the form of blades located on a shaft, consisting of rods with blades, with both shafts installed coaxially with the possibility of rotation at different frequencies, anti-cutting elements located between the knives of the cutting mechanism are fixed on the inside of the housing, a drive mechanism, with the blades and knives located along a helical line, while the blades of the blades are made with the possibility of changing their rotation relative to the axis of the rod at an angle of 15-60°. The mixing mechanism is equipped with a blade in the form of a turn of a flat spiral, mounted on the shaft of the mixing mechanism on the output side to ensure axial movement of the product into the cutting mechanism.

This technical solution has the same disadvantages described above as other mixer-grinders. In addition, the placement of chopping and mixing working bodies on separate coaxial shafts with the possibility of their independent rotation from separate drives significantly complicates the design of the mixer-chopper, increasing the energy intensity of the process of preparing the feed mixture.

The closest in technical essence and achieved result to the proposed utility model is a mixer-grinder for preparing feed (patent No. 2277836 RU, application April 23, 2004; published June 20, 2006), including a housing with a loading neck, on the inner surface of which guides are installed ribs, a screw located inside the housing, a cutting element and a grid, characterized in that the screw is equipped with mixing blades, and the cutting element is made in the form of a double-beam knife, while the double-beam knife and mixing blades are installed on the screw hub with the ability to rotate relative to the radial plane at an angle , the value of which depends on the physical and mechanical properties of the mixed and crushed material, and the guide ribs are installed along the axis of the screw in the area of compaction and grinding of the material, and the body has a discharge neck with a valve for the product to exit when mixing without grinding.

This technical solution has the same disadvantages described above as other mixer-grinders. In addition, due to the placement of the blades only in that part of the shaft that is located under the loading hole, intensive mixing of materials occurs only immediately after they are loaded and only in this area of the housing, which is not enough to obtain a homogeneous mixture. The screw auger then moves the material to the discharge opening, but in the case of using wet viscous raw materials, this leads to its compaction, which causes particles to stick together and form unmixed materials. The design of the cutting working bodies according to the knife-grid scheme and the placement of the discharge hole at the end of the body leads to the fact that the productivity of the mixer-grinder depends on the throughput of the anti-cutting grid. If the grate's throughput is insufficient, it will be difficult to unload feed through its openings, and a backflow of material will occur in the housing, reducing the productivity of the mixer-chopper. When mixing and grinding fibrous and viscous raw materials, it will stick to the grate and clog its holes, which will reduce the throughput of the discharge opening. The design of the unloading hole at the end of the housing leads to the fact that the finished feed is unloaded under the influence of pressure on it from new portions of raw materials loaded into the housing and moved by a screw. This leads to the fact that unloading the final portion of feed before stopping the mixer-chopper is extremely difficult. If the finished mixture is unloaded through the unloading neck in the lower part of the housing, then effective grinding of the feed becomes impossible.

The objective of the proposed technical solution is to effectively simultaneously mix and grind dry bulk and wet viscous raw materials, including fibrous ones, to increase the uniformity of wet fish food, as well as ensure complete emptying of the device body when unloading wet food.

The problem is solved by using a technical solution that includes racks with crossbars, a housing with a shaft, a cover and an outlet window with a damper in the lower part; a cutting mechanism in the form of knives placed on the shaft and a mixing mechanism in the form of a helical spiral located on the shaft are installed in the housing, and the knives are placed between the turns of the helical spiral along the entire length of the shaft, and the body has two holders, rigidly fixed at its ends on one side and in the holes of the crossbars with the possibility of rotation on the other side, due to which the body can be rotated around the horizontal axis by 180° and fixed bolts in two different positions.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by drawings.

In fig. Figure 1 shows a general view of the wet feed mixer-chopper.

In fig. Figure 2 shows a side view of a wet feed mixer-chopper.

In fig. Figure 3 shows the shaft of the wet feed mixer-grinder with knives and a helical spiral mounted on it (general view).

In fig. Figure 4 shows the shaft of the wet feed mixer-chopper with knives and a helical spiral mounted on it (front view).

The wet feed mixer-grinder includes a base 1 on which an electric motor 2 with a belt drive 3, stands 4 with crossbars 5, and a housing 6 with shaft 7 are located (Fig. 1, 2).

The U-shaped housing 6 in the upper part has a cover 8 with a handle 9, mounted for rotation around a horizontal axis on hinges 10 and covering the entire upper surface of the housing 6 (Fig. 1). In the center of the lower part of the housing 6 there is an exit window 11, equipped with a damper 12 with a clamping screw 13. Also on the lower part of the housing 6 there are two handles 14. On the opposite end walls of the housing 6 holders 15 are rigidly fixed. The other end of the holders 15 is movably fixed in the holes of the crossbars 5 with the possibility of rotation together with the housing 6. In the lower part of the end walls of the housing 6 there are bushings 16 for bolts 17. In the working position, the housing 6 is secured with bolts 17 on the racks 4.

Housing 6 houses a shaft 7 on which cutting and mixing mechanisms are installed (Fig. 1). The cutting mechanism consists of crescent-shaped knives 19 mounted on a shaft 7 on bases 18 (Fig. 3). The mixing mechanism consists of a helical spiral 20 with a constant pitch, connected to a shaft 7 by spokes 21. The helical spiral 20 has the shape of a left-handed (left-handed) helical line.

The length of the knives 19 with bases 18 is greater than the radius of the helical spiral 20. In this case, the knives 19 are placed between the turns of the helical spiral 20 along the entire length of the shaft 7. The bases 18 with knives 19 are placed on the shaft 7 in such a way that the angle between the longitudinal axes of two adjacent bases and knives is 45° (Fig. 4). The bases 18 with knives 19 are placed on the shaft 7 in such a way that the tops of the knives 19 form a right-handed (right-handed) helical line.

The wet feed mixer-chopper works as follows. The raw materials are loaded inside the housing with the lid 8 open, after which it is closed. In the working position, the housing 6 is fixed with bolts 17, screwing them into the holes of the posts 4 and bushings 16 (Fig. 1). Mixing and grinding of feed in housing 6 is carried out with the lid 8 and the outlet window 11 closed with the shutter 12 retracted and secured with a clamping screw 13.

The shaft 7 of the housing 6 is driven into rotation by an electric motor 2 and a belt drive 3 through a driven pulley 22 (Fig. 2). When the shaft 7 rotates, the helical spiral 20 mixes the materials, and the knives 19 simultaneously grind them (Fig. 3). In addition, the knives 19 also mix the materials when rotating. In this case, the helical spiral 20 and knives 19 move the mixed materials in opposite directions, providing an improvement in the mixing process and increasing the homogeneity of the mixture.

If the resulting mixture has a low viscosity, then the feed is unloaded from the housing 6 with the rotating shaft 7 through the outlet window 11, unscrewing the pressure screw 13 and opening the valve 12.

To unload viscous wet food, after turning off the electric motor 2, the housing 6 is released, for which the bolts 17 are unscrewed, removing them from the bushings 16 (Fig. 1, 2). Holding the handles 14, rotate the body 6 around the horizontal axis passing through the holders 15 by 180°. In this case, the holders 15, rigidly fixed to the housing 6, rotate in the holes of the crossbars 5. The drive belt of the belt drive 3, when the housing 6 is turned, falls off the driven pulley 22, without interfering with the rotation. After turning the housing 6 by 180°, it is fixed in this position with bolts 17, screwing them into the holes of the posts 4 and bushings 16. After this, the cover 8 is opened and the feed is unloaded through the entire upper surface of the housing under the influence of gravity.

Then the actions described above are performed in the reverse order, returning the housing 6 to its previous operating position, while putting the drive belt 3 on the driven pulley 22, and fixing it with bolts 17.

Effective simultaneous mixing and grinding of dry bulk and wet viscous raw materials, including fibrous ones, which increases the uniformity of wet fish feed, is achieved due to the joint placement of the elements of the mixing and cutting mechanisms on the shaft of the mixer-grinder housing, as a result of which mixing and grinding of materials occurs simultaneously, which prevents the formation of non-mixes.

Complete emptying of the mixer-grinder body from wet viscous feed and its easy unloading is achieved thanks to the ability to rotate the body around a horizontal axis by 180° and remove feed through the entire upper surface of the body with the lid open.

The use of the utility model will ensure effective simultaneous mixing and grinding of dry bulk and wet viscous raw materials, including fibrous ones, which will increase the uniformity of wet fish food, as well as complete emptying of the device body from wet food.

Claims (1)

Mixer-grinder for wet food, characterized in that it has stands with crossbars, a housing with a shaft, a lid and an outlet window with a damper in the lower part, while the housing contains a cutting mechanism in the form of knives placed on the shaft and a mixing mechanism in the form of a spiral shaft, in addition, the knives are placed between the turns of the helical spiral along the entire length of the shaft, and the body has two holders rigidly attached to its ends on one side and in the holes of the crossbars with the possibility of rotation on the other side to provide the body with the ability to rotate around a horizontal axis 180° and fixed by bolts in two different positions.