RU2272118C1 - Rotary-percussion machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering, particularly drilling equipment used in building, geological survey and for drilling and blasting operation performing.

SUBSTANCE: rotary-percussion machine of compression-vacuum type may work in at least two modes. The rotary-percussion machine comprises body, drive, percussion mechanism arranged in guiding cylinder, which is rotationally installed in the body. The machine also has conversion mechanism, which converts drive rotation into reciprocation of percussion mechanism piston. The machine comprises bush, enclosing guiding cylinder and connected with it in radial direction. The bush may be axially displaced to install the bush in left and right extreme positions to provide percussion and rotary-percussion modes of operation correspondingly. Cam connected with bush is secured in the body. The cam provides the axial bush displacement along guiding cylinder. Bar is installed in the body and extends transversely to guiding cylinder axis. The cam is connected to the bush by corbel, which encloses the bush and installed on the bar to perform limited rotation about it. Corbel is provided with side extensions directed inwards to guiding cylinder axis and inserted in annular groove of the bush. The corbel also has one outer projection. Torsion spring is installed on the bar and has ends enclosing cam pin and outer projection to compress thereof.

EFFECT: increased reliability.

5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering, in particular to rotary impact machines, namely perforators used in construction, exploration and drilling and blasting to form holes in rocks, building materials, and also for their destruction.

Known shock-rotating machines having the ability to switch into two modes of operation and comprising a housing, a drive, a guide cylinder mounted rotatably in the housing, a converter crank mechanism that converts the rotation of the drive into reciprocating movements of the piston mounted in the guide cylinder together with a striker separated from the piston by an air cushion and inflicting periodic blows on the working tool fixed in the guide cylinder and on the guide cylinder a drive bevel gear is installed, using a gearbox connected to the drive and spring-loaded from the side opposite to the ring gear, and in the case a slider is mounted movably in axial and stationary in radial directions, connected with an eccentric mounted in the case and having a control handle, and at the working end the slider has gear engagement elements for interacting with the ring gear of the drive gear. The Federal Republic of Germany patent No. 2136523 dated July 21, 71, class. B 28 D 1/14.

Such a machine can operate in two modes - shock-rotational and shock. Switching from one mode to another is carried out using a switch, which is a slider associated with an eccentric brought to the surface of the housing using the control handle. The drive gear is mounted motionless in the radial direction on the guide cylinder and is movable in the axial and spring-loaded compression spring from the side opposite to the ring gear. If the drive gear is meshed with the bevel gear of the intermediate shaft, the machine operates in shock-rotational mode. If, with the help of the slide of the switch, the drive gear is shifted, overcoming the action of the spring, along the guide cylinder and disengages from the drive bevel gear, the rotation of the guide cylinder, and with it the working tool, stops. At the same time, the slider, being in mesh with its gear elements with the teeth of the drive gear, fixes the latter relative to the housing, and with it the guide cylinder with the working tool. The shock mechanism at this time continues to work, and the machine in this state operates in shock mode.

The disadvantage of this machine is its low reliability. This is manifested in the following. To ensure reliable engagement of the drive gear with the bevel gear, the compression spring holding the drive gear in the engaged state should have a significant pressure force on the drive gear. In shock mode, when with the help of a slider the drive gear moves along the guide cylinder, overcoming the action of the spring, the pressure force of the spring on the drive gear increases. The same force is transmitted through the teeth of the drive gear to the engagement elements of the slider. Given that the slider in shock mode experiences considerable efforts from the moment arising from the work, for example, of a chisel, the engagement elements of the slider with the teeth of the drive gear experience significant specific loads, which leads to their crushing and failure and does not ensure the proper reliability of the machine as a whole .

The closest in its technical essence is a rotary shock machine with the ability to switch to at least two operating modes and comprising a housing, a drive, a guide cylinder mounted in the housing and capable of rotation, a conversion mechanism that converts the rotation of the drive into reciprocating movements a piston installed in the guide cylinder together with a striker separated from the piston by an air cushion, a working tool, a sleeve covering the guide cylinder and connected to it in in the dial direction and having axial displacement for its installation in the left and right extreme positions, and on the sleeve, left and right engagement elements are made for interaction in the left extreme position of the sleeve with the engagement elements of the housing, and in the right extreme position with the engagement response elements of the drive gear, freely mounted in the radial direction on the guide cylinder, and an eccentric connected to the sleeve for its axial movement along the guide is fixed in the housing its cylinder. The Federal Republic of Germany patent No. 2728961 dated January 27, 1997, class. E 21 C 1/12.

Although this machine does not have the disadvantage of an analogue, it nevertheless has a low reliability.

In such a machine, a sleeve mounted around the guide cylinder is fixed relative to it in the radial direction and has the possibility of axial movement under the action of an eccentric, while occupying one of two extreme positions. On its end surfaces, the sleeve has elements of radial engagement.

In the first extreme position of the sleeve, its corresponding engagement elements interact with engagement mating elements made on a drive gear mounted freely in the radial direction relative to the guide cylinder. In this case, together with the drive gear, the guide cylinder receives rotation, and in this position, the shock-rotational mode is performed. When the sleeve is moved to another extreme position, its corresponding engagement elements disengage from the engaging mating elements of the drive gear, which rotates freely around the guide cylinder, and the opposed engaging mating elements of the bush come into interaction with the engaging mating elements made in the housing. In this case, the guide cylinder is fixed in the radial direction relative to the housing. And in this extreme position of the sleeve, the shock mode is carried out, without rotation of the working tool.

When transferring the sleeve from one extreme position to another, the protrusions of the end engagement elements may not coincide with the recesses of the engagement response elements. In this case, the interaction of the protrusions of the end elements of the engagement of the sleeve and the protrusions of the reciprocal elements of the engagement does not allow the eccentric to take its extreme position, and forcing its further rotation can damage the eccentric or the control handle. To match the engagement elements of the sleeve and the corresponding reciprocal engagement elements, additional manipulation of the spindle is necessary by manually turning it at a certain angle.

All taken together reduces the efficiency and reliability of the machine as a whole.

The basis of the invention is the task of creating a manual machine having the ability to switch to at least two operating modes and having increased reliability.

The problem is solved in that in a rotary hammer machine that can switch to at least two operating modes and contains a housing, an actuator, a guide cylinder mounted in the housing and capable of rotation, a conversion mechanism that converts the rotation of the drive into reciprocating movement of the piston installed in the guide cylinder together with the hammer, separated from the piston by an air cushion, a working tool, a sleeve covering the guide cylinder and connected in a radial direction and having the possibility of axial movement for its installation in the left and right extreme positions, and on the sleeve, respectively, left and right engagement elements are made for interaction in the left extreme position of the sleeve with reciprocal engagement elements of the housing, and in the right extreme position with reciprocal engagement elements of the drive gear freely mounted in the radial direction on the guide cylinder, and an eccentric connected to the sleeve for axial movement along the guide cylinder is fixed in the housing the rod, the rod is fixed perpendicular to the axis of the guide cylinder, and the eccentric is connected with the sleeve using a bracket located around the guide cylinder and mounted on the rod with limited rotation around the latter, and lateral projections are made in the bracket, directed inward to the axis of the guide cylinder and sleeves located in the annular groove, as well as one external protrusion, and a torsion spring is also installed on the rod, the ends of which simultaneously cover like an exce tricks and outer protrusion tends to compress the latter.

Such a machine has the ability to use the switch to work in two modes: shock and shock-rotational. At the same time, the mode switching unit and its parts have increased reliability and small dimensions. This is achieved by the fact that the sleeve is moved to the left and right extreme axial positions by turning the bracket around the rod with the help of an eccentric through a spring link. This spring connection allows the eccentric to rotate to its extreme positions corresponding to the left and right extreme axial positions of the sleeve, regardless of whether the matching engagement elements occurred or not. The subsequent inclusion of the machine in operation and the rotation of the guide cylinder together with the sleeve allows the sleeve to be moved under the action of the spring when the corresponding engagement elements coincide and a kinematic connection is determined that determines one or another mode of the machine. All the switching elements (bracket, spring, rod) newly introduced with respect to the prototype are concentrated directly near the sleeve, just like the prototype, which practically does not increase the dimensions of the machine compared to the last, but significantly increases reliability.

The specific implementation of the invention is illustrated by the description and the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 depicts a rotary shock machine in longitudinal section in the neutral position of the switch type of work.

Figure 2 depicts a cross section of the node holding the working tool in the machine.

Figure 3 depicts the node switch modes of operation of the machine in cross section.

Figure 4 depicts a rotary impact machine in longitudinal section in a switch position corresponding to the impact mode of operation.

Figure 5 depicts a rotary shock machine in longitudinal section in a switch position corresponding to the rotational shock mode of operation.

The rotary impact machine includes a housing 1 (FIG. 1), a drive 2 mounted in the housing 1, a guide cylinder 3 having rotation, and a piston 4 and a hammer 5 are arranged in the guide cylinder 3, separated by an air cushion 6. In the housing 1, a gearbox is installed, consisting of a counter gear 7 and a composite pinion gear 8, a converter mechanism 9 of the crank type, which converts the rotational movement of the actuator 2 into reciprocating movements of the piston 4. A shank of 10 r is fixed in the guide cylinder 3 An intermediate element 13 is placed between the hammer 5 and the working tool 13. The shank 10 is held in the guide cylinder 3 by means of the clamps 14 (Fig. 2), covered by the guide sleeve 15 and which are part of its section 16 in closed grooves 17 of the shank 10. To transmit rotation from the guide cylinder 3 to the shank 10, the latter is made open grooves 18, which are placed figured protrusions 19, made in the guide cylinder 3. On the guide cylinder 3 (figure 1) is installed fixedly in the radial direction by means of a splined connection 20 (Figure 3), the sleeve 21 having axially movable to its left (Figure 4) or right (Figure 5) extreme positions. At the ends of the sleeve 21 (Fig. 1), engagement elements are made in the form of left and right protrusions 22 and 23, respectively, for interacting in their extreme left position with engagement mating elements in the form of mating cavities 24 of the lining 25 fixed in the housing 1, and in the right extreme position with the engagement mating elements in the form of mating depressions 26 of the drive gear 27 (Figure 5), mounted freely in the radial direction on the guide cylinder 3. In the housing 1 is fixed perpendicular to the axis of the guide cylinder 3, the rod 28, on which with limited rotation with respect to the axis of the bracket 29, having lateral protrusions 30 (Figure 3), directed inward to the axis of the guide cylinder 3 and located in the annular groove 31 made on the outer surface of the sleeve 21. An external protrusion 32 is also made on the bracket 29 a lateral hole 33 for accommodating therein a cam 34 of an eccentric 35 mounted rotatably in the housing 1 with a handle 36. A torsion spring 37 is also installed on the rod 28, the left and right ends 38, 39 of which (FIG. 1) are simultaneously covered as a stud 34 the eccentric 35, and the outer protrusion 32, trying to compress the latter.

Impact-rotary machine operates as follows. The rotation of the actuator 2 (Fig. 1) through the counter gear 7 and the converter 9 provides reciprocating motion to the piston 4 and simultaneously through the pinion gear 8 rotates the drive gear 27. The hammer 5 connected to the piston 4 by the air cushion 6 repeats the movements of the piston 4, inflicting periodic strokes on the shank 10 of the drill 11 through the intermediate element 13. Finding the sleeve 21 in the right extreme position (Figure 5) ensures the engagement of its right protrusions 23 with the reciprocal depressions 26 of the drive gear 27 and simultaneous rotation on ravlyaetsya cylinder 3 together with the auger 11. In this case, in the car-mounted shock rotational operation (the punch operation).

Rotating the eccentric 35 through an angle of 180 °, its spike 34 simultaneously rotates the left end 38 of the torsion spring 37, and after it, under the action of the compression force of the ends of the torsion spring 37, its right end 39 rotates the bracket 29 by some pressure, which provides the displacement of the sleeve 21 using the side protrusions 30 of the bracket 29 in the left extreme axial position (Figure 4). In this case, the right protrusions 23 of the sleeve 21 come out of the response cavities 26 of the drive gear 27, their radial connection breaks, and the rotation of the guide cylinder 3 stops. In the left extreme position of the sleeve 21, its left protrusions 22 enter the counter cavities 24 of the lining 25 fixed in the housing 1, and the guide cylinder 3 together with the chisel 12 fixed in it is fixed from rotation relative to the housing 1. Therefore, in the left extreme axial position of the sleeve 21, provided by the corresponding position of the eccentric 35, the shock mode of operation, the hammer mode, is set in the machine.

With the axial displacement of the sleeve 21, for example, to the left extreme position, the left protrusions 22 of the sleeve 21 may not immediately fall into the counter cavities 24 of the lining 25 of the housing 1, and the sleeve 21 itself will not be able to take its extreme left axial position. Nevertheless, the eccentric 35 continues to rotate, deforming the torsion spring 37 and spreading its ends 38, 39, takes its extreme position corresponding to the shock mode in the machine. This is possible because in this case the spike 34 of the eccentric 35 deforms the left end 38 of the torsion spring 37, turning it after itself. The right end 39 of the torsion spring 37, abutting against the outer protrusion 32 of the bracket 29, presses the sleeve 21 against the lining 25 with the help of the internal protrusions 30 and the ring groove 31. When manually manipulating the machine during the shock mode, its body 1 rotates relative to the blade of the chisel 12, embedded in the material being processed, and, respectively, relative to the guide cylinder 3. With this rotation, the left protrusions 22 of the sleeve 21 also rotate relative to the housing 1. As soon as the response cavities 24 of the lining 25 coincide with the left protrusions 22 of the sleeve and 21, the strained right end 39 of the torsion spring 37, resting in an external projection 32, rotates the bracket 29 automatically shifting by lateral projections 30 hub 21 to the left extreme axial position. In this case, the guide cylinder 3, and with it the chisel 12 are fixed in the radial direction relative to the housing 1.

When the cam 35 is turned in the opposite direction by an angle of 180 °, the machine switches to the shock-rotational mode of operation (Figure 5). In this case, the spike 34 of the eccentric 35, turning, shifts the right end 39 of the torsion spring 37 after itself. Turning around the rod 28, the torsion spring 37 with its left end 38, abutting against the outer protrusion 32, at the same time rotates the bracket 29 around the rod 28. 30, while inside the annular groove 31, slide the sleeve 21 along the guide cylinder 3 to the right extreme axial position. The distance traveled by the sleeve 21 from the left extreme axial position (Figure 4) to the right extreme axial position (Figure 5) is substantially less than the radius of rotation of the bracket 29 from the axis of the rod 28 to the side protrusions 30, the path of which is approximated by a straight line line. This does not allow the latter to disengage from the annular groove 31 during the rotation of the bracket 29.

Then, the right protrusions 23 of the sleeve 21 get into the response cavities 26 of the drive gear 27 restores the radial connection between the sleeve 21 and the drive gear 27. When the drive 2 is turned on, not only the impact mechanism is turned on, but the guide cylinder 3 receives rotation along with the drill, which provides the machine rotational shock mode of operation.

In the case of a mismatch of the right protrusions 23 of the sleeve 21 with the reciprocal cavities 26 of the drive gear 27, the sleeve 21, abutting against the latter, stops, not reaching its right extreme axial position. The eccentric 35 nonetheless continues to rotate, simultaneously turning with a spike 34 the right end 39 of the torsion spring 37 around the rod 28, reaching its right extreme position. The left end 38 of the torsion spring 37, following the right end 39, abutting against the outer protrusion 32, tends to rotate the bracket 29 around the rod 28. When the drive 2 is turned on, the drive gear 27 starts to rotate until the right protrusions 23 are installed opposite the drive troughs 24 of the drive gears 27. The sleeve 21, under the action of the strained left end 39 of the torsion spring 37, shifts to the right, establishing radial engagement with the drive gear 27, and begins to rotate with the guide cylinder 3 and the drill 11. In the machine, and this is established, given that at the same time the shock mechanism is working, the shock-rotational mode of operation.

This embodiment of the machine increases its reliability, since the process of switching from one mode to another cannot disable the eccentric 35, since it is spring-loaded relative to the bracket 29. By positioning the side protrusions 30 on the opposite sides of the sleeve 21 at the level of its axis, the distortions of the sleeve 21 relative to guide cylinder 3 during its axial movement, which allows to reduce the long dimensions of the sleeve 21.

Due to the particular design of the switch, when, under the action of the eccentric 35, the rotational movement of the bracket 29 is converted into translational movement of the sleeve 21, all its elements are concentrated directly around the axis passing through the middle between the two extreme positions of the sleeve 21. This arrangement of the switch elements also reduces its dimensions and machines generally.

Claims (1)

A rotary impact machine with the ability to switch to at least two operating modes and comprising a housing, an actuator, a guide cylinder mounted in the housing and capable of rotation, a conversion mechanism that converts the actuator's rotation into reciprocating movements of the piston mounted in the guide the cylinder, together with the hammer, separated from the piston by an air cushion, a working tool, a sleeve covering the guide cylinder and connected in the radial direction and having the possibility of axial movement for its installation in the left and right extreme positions, and left and right engagement elements are respectively made on the sleeve for engaging in the left extreme position of the sleeve with the engaging mating elements of the housing, and in the right extreme position with the engaging mating elements of the drive gear freely mounted in radial direction on the guide cylinder, and an eccentric attached to the sleeve for its axial movement along the guide cylinder, characterized in that the housing is closed The rod is perpendicular to the axis of the guide cylinder, and the eccentric is connected to the sleeve using a bracket located around the guide cylinder and mounted on the rod with limited rotation around the latter, and lateral protrusions are made inward to the axis of the guide cylinder and are located in an annular groove of the sleeve, as well as one external protrusion, and a torsion spring is also installed on the rod, the ends of which simultaneously cover both the eccentric spike and the outer ny ledge, trying to squeeze the last.

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