RU2268983C2 - Device for well tube interlock screwing together and unscrewing - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering, particularly connecting or disconnecting drilling and casing pipe couplings or joints.

SUBSTANCE: key is divided into separate independent technological units and has upper and lower bodies with connectors in front parts thereof. Built in the front parts are toothed rotor wheels in which pipe clamping means are arranged. The key also has gear and intermediate gear assemblies, common drive to rotate and stop the pipes. The drive comprises differential and high-speed reduction gears with hydraulic motors. Upper body may be rotated about pipe clamping means axis to lift or lower thereof relative lower body. The body is provided with thread torqueing/loosening means, braking means and means to supply process lubricant to threaded nipple part of pipe to be screwed on. Lower body has thread torqueing/loosening means. The key also comprises positioner provided with horizontal and vertical key displacement mechanisms.

EFFECT: extended functional capabilities, reduced time to replace clamping members of upper and lower key executive tools and braking system members, increased reliability of device units, increased load-bearing capacity of pipe interlocks.

3 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to drilling equipment and can be used in drilling rigs for mechanization of hoisting operations during the assembly or disassembly of drill and casing strings.

Currently, various types of wrenches are used in drilling rigs for screwing up drill and casing pipes, while fastening or unfastening threaded connections are performed either manually using sets of machine keys and pneumatic breakers, or keys equipped with multistage drives for setting rotation speeds and torque moments.

The most common wrench for screwing or unscrewing drill pipes is an open-jaw type automatic drill wrench, equipped with pneumatic drives for rotating the upper pipe and locking the lower pipe (1).

The disadvantages of these keys include:

- limited ability to use pipes in diameter;

- a limited possibility of the magnitude of the transmission of torque to the pipes during make-up or unscrewing.

Known keys of a high degree of mechanization having built-in gripping bodies made in the form of two coaxially arranged mechanisms installed on cantilever support platforms and connected by means of vertical guides with brackets rotatable relative to common axes and equipped with a positioning unit of the device. In these keys, for locking the lower pipe and rotating the upper pipe, separate drives are used, made in the form of a multi-stage gearbox with a hydraulic motor for rotating the upper pipe and in the form of hydraulic cylinders pivotally connected to the outer and inner cases for locking the lower pipe (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11).

Option (11) is selected for the prototype.

The disadvantages of the prototype are:

- the mandatory presence of hard guides required to quench reactive moments when working with separate drives of rotation and locking of pipes;

- the complexity of the design, expressed by the presence of drives with a multistage system for mechanically adjusting torques and rotational speeds;

- increased contact and bending stresses on the gear elements when transmitting high torques to them, which leads to an increase in size, weight and a decrease in the reliability of the key;

- increased complexity of the key maintenance when replacing the gripping organs in the transition from one pipe diameter to another;

- limited ability to use keys on drilling rigs equipped with an automatic pipe feeding system (ASP);

- limited ability to use keys when assembling layouts and candles.

These problems stimulated the search for new technical solutions.

The proposed invention is aimed at: eliminating the transfer of reactive moments to the external structure of the rig; to increase the functionality of the key; to reduce the time for replacing the gripping elements of the upper and lower working parts of the key and elements of the brake system while ensuring reliability of the nodes with an increase in the load on the lock pipe joints.

This problem is solved by dividing into separate independent technological units and includes:

- the upper case with a built-in device for fastening and unfastening the threads, pipe clamping device, brake device and a set of intermediate gears;

- the lower case with a built-in device for fastening and unfastening the threads, pipe-clamping device and a set of intermediate gears;

- the pipe rotation drive is made in the form of a drive unit common for rotation and pipe locking, containing a differential and high-speed gearbox with hydraulic motors;

- a positioner that is made with mechanisms of horizontal and vertical movement of the key;

- a lubricant supply mechanism to the threaded portion of a screw pipe nipple.

In this case, the upper case is made with the possibility of its rotation about the axis of the pipe-clamping device and its raising or lowering relative to the lower case, the mechanism of vertical movement of the key positioner is made in the form of two independent nodes, including a table and a lower base connected to the table with a movable column with an integrated table lifting cylinder and the lower case, in turn, is equipped with retractable stops for fixing the upper case, two brackets and four couplers fastened with two rack and pinion rolling pins of the mechanism for horizontal movement of the positioner key, which are connected through gear blocks with horizontal hydraulic cylinders built into the table casing.

In turn, the brake device of the upper case contains a pulley, four brake pads and a staple-shaped cage with hydraulic cylinders for holding the pads against the pulley; in this case, the cage in the central part has a gear sector interacting via racks and gear with hydraulic cylinders for attaching and unfastening threads, from the interaction of which the reverse reactions from the rotation drive are mutually annihilated, and the cage and through it the brake pulley and pipe clamp device receive an additional torque, while the key is equipped with an additional mechanism of attachment-unfastening of threads in the lower case, consisting of two hydraulic cylinders connected by rods with a rotor wheel, and the body s via hinges to a lower key body, and the reactive torque from the drive unit and the action of hydraulic cylinders facing each other with opposite signs.

In addition to the brake device of the upper case, there is a mechanism for supplying technological lubricant to the threaded part of the screw-in pipe nipple, which contains a base with radially placed grooves, into which the block bodies with nozzles are mounted, which are capable of radial movement, while each case is made with a cylindrical bore into which built-in syringe mechanism, consisting of a spool with a piston and a spring.

The technical result in the implementation of the invention is expressed in the use in the design of the key block system of individual units equipped with appropriate mechanisms, the interaction of which performs the operations:

- by screwing-unscrewing the lock joint pipes with high torsion moments and locking the pipes with damping of the reaction moments inside the key’s own case and significantly reduce the loads on the gear elements of the rotator and the lock key, ensuring the reliability of the operation of the lock elements of the clamping devices;

- quick replacement of pipe clamping devices or their elements when worn or changing to a different size in diameter of well pipes due to the use of a quick-detachable upper case and block assemblies of pipe clamping elements;

- quick replacement of brake elements during their wear due to the use of assemblies that are not related to the general disassembly of the key.

Other factors providing a technical result are:

- increased functionality in terms of expanding the range of diameters of the pipes used, increasing torques, the possibility of installing the key in a suspended version, the key work with manual pipe alignment, and with the installation of an equipped ASP;

- the use of a separate lubricant supply mechanism to the threaded part of the screw pipe nipple;

- simplicity of design, its maintenance, assembly, commissioning and disassembly of individual nodes through the use of block elements;

- high interchangeability of the working bodies of the upper and lower pipe clamping devices;

- high manufacturability and relatively low cost of manufacturing.

This allows us to conclude that the use of unconventional solutions in the development of the key, its novelty, a high level of design, and the possibility of manufacturing a key in a machine-building enterprise is not in doubt.

Information confirming the possibility of carrying out the invention is illustrated by drawings, where:

figure 1 presents a General view of the key from the side;

figure 2 is a General view of the key in longitudinal section;

figure 3 is a view of the lower body along section AA;

figure 4 is a view of the upper case along section BB;

figure 5 is a view of the lubricant supply mechanism to the threaded part of the nipple, top view;

figure 6 is a view along section bb.

The key consists of separate technological units:

the lower housing 1, the upper housing 2, the common drive unit 3, the positioning mechanism 4 and the lubricant supply mechanism to the threaded part of the nipple 5.

The lower and upper bodies on the front side have a connector and are interconnected by lateral folding guides 6, while the upper case is installed in a cylindrical bore of a glass 7 of the lower case and is fixed against rotation by retractable stops 8.

In turn, the lower case 1 comprises a frame 9, consisting of a lower support sheet 10, an upper sheet 11 and side sheets 12 connecting the upper and lower sheets, while the supports 10 are mounted in the sheet 10, on which the rotor wheel 14 is mounted, and on sheet 11 is installed glass 7.

The rotor wheel 14 has an inner surface 15 on the inner side, in which a tube-clamping device 16 is installed, comprising a ferrule 17 and four slide blocks 18, having a roller bearing 19 on the side of the carbon surface and a jaw with a carbide die 20 on the pipe side.

The holder 17 is fixed with the bottom sheet 10 dowels 21.

Two intermediate blocks 22 are built in between the sheets 10 and 11, one of which is engaged with the rotor wheel 14 and the other with the drive gear 23 of the drive unit 3. On the side of the drive unit 3, a cup 24 is mounted in the cylindrical bore of the sheet 11 on which the drive unit is mounted 3.

The glass 24 has two horizontal cylindrical bores in which retractable stops 8 are inserted.

On the lateral surfaces 12 of the frame 9, on each side are installed: on the axis of the pipe-clamping device 16 — a hydraulic cylinder 25 for lifting the upper housing 2, a bracket 26 for hinged guides 6, a hydraulic cylinder for attaching and unfastening the threads 27, on the drive side — two pads 28 for mounting therein four ties 29, by means of which the lower case 1 is fastened to the rack rolling rods 30 of the positioning mechanism 4, and on the front side, the housing 1 has two brackets 31 to which the rolling pins 30 are attached.

The upper body 2 (Fig. 4) also comprises a welded frame 32 consisting of a lower support sheet 33, an upper sheet 34 and side sheets 35.

Support rollers 36 are mounted on the bottom sheet 33, on which a rotor wheel 37 is installed, also having a copy surface 15, and a pipe clamping device 16, the clip 17 of which is fixed with dowels 21 with a pulley 38 of the brake device 39.

Two intermediate blocks 40 and an intermediate block 41 are integrated between the sheets 33 and 34, which are articulated by gearing: blocks 40 with the rotor wheel 37 and block 41, and the block 41 with the drive gear 42 of the drive block 3.

On the top sheet 33 along the axis of the pipe-clamping device 16, a brake device 39 is installed, consisting of a pulley 38, a staple clip 43 with eight hydraulic cylinders 44 and four brake pads 45 placed inside it in horizontal bores.

The holder 43 has three protrusions, of which two protrusions 46 are located at the edges of the holder, and one 47 in the center of the holder, while the protrusion 47 is made with a gear sector 48.

On the top sheet 33 is also installed the mechanism of the fastening and unfastening of the threads 49, which consists of two pairs of hydraulic cylinders 50 and 51, two racks 52 and 53, and a gear gear 54. In this case, the rack 52 is directly connected to the gear sector 48 in the lower part, and the rack 53 is engaged by a sector 48 in the upper part via a gear gear 54.

The hydraulic cylinders 50, interacting with the rail 52, provide fastening of the threads during make-up, and the hydraulic cylinders 51 and rail 53 provide a fastening of the threads when unscrewing.

On the side surfaces of the housing 2, brackets 26 are also installed for the hinged guides 6, and the bottom sheet is additionally provided with a centering cup 55.

The drive unit 3 is installed in the bore of the cup 24 and consists of a differential gear 56 and a high-speed gear 57 with built-in hydraulic motors 58.

The mechanism of vertical and horizontal movements of the key 4 is made in the form of two independent nodes: table 59 (upper base) and lower base 60, containing a movable column 61 with a built-in hydraulic cylinder 62 for lifting the table.

In turn, the table 59 on the lateral surfaces has two longitudinal grooves in which rack rolling rods 30 are mounted, connected by engagement through gear blocks 65 with horizontal cylinders 66, integrated in the table casing 59 (not shown).

The lubricant supply mechanism 5 is mounted on a staple clip 43 of the brake device 39, consists of a housing 67 having radial guides 68 into which four sliders 69 with an injector block 70 are integrated.

Each slider 69 has an inner cylindrical bore 71 into which a spool with a piston 72 and a spring 73 are mounted.

For the radial movement of the slider 69 with the nozzle 70, a screw mechanism 74 is used.

The key works as follows. With the simultaneous replacement of the tube-clamping devices 16 at the lower case 1 and the upper case 2, the hinged guides 6 are disconnected, the retractable stops 8 are retracted inside the cup 24 and the upper case is manually rotated relative to the axis of the pipe-clamping device, leading it out of the cup bore 24. Then it is removed using a crane the upper body of the centering cup 7.

Replacement of pipe-clamping devices 16 is carried out: at the upper housing 2 by removing the brake pulley 38 together with the pipe-clamping device 16 and its subsequent disconnection; at the lower case by removing the cup 7 and disconnecting the bolts fastening the yoke 17 with the bottom sheet 10, after which the pipe-clamping device 16 is removed from the rotor wheel 14.

Fastening or unscrewing of the locking joints with the fastening or unfastening of the threads is carried out according to the scheme: when making up the pipes, by turning the control handle of the manipulator, the key hydraulic drive is turned on. The rotation and torque from the hydraulic motors 58 through the gears of the drive unit 3, the intermediate gears 40 and 41 of the upper housing are transmitted to the rotor wheels 14 and 37 with opposite directions to each other. At the same time, pressure is automatically applied to the hydraulic cylinders 44 of the brake 39, the pads 45 are pressed against the pulley 38, braking it, and through it the rotor wheel 37. In the beginning, carbide dies 20 converge on the pipe coupling 75, while the cage 17 is fixed by dowels 21 with the sheet 10 of housing 1, remains stationary.

When a certain pressure in the hydraulic system is reached, the wheel 37 is rotated and the carbide dies 20 converge to the upper pipe 76 and then clamp it, after which the rotor wheel 37 and the pipe clamping device 16 rotate together as a whole, and the torques 76 are transmitted due to the clutch of the dies 20 with the pipe 76 under the action of the braking torque of the braking device 39.

When touching the ends of the nipple 76 with the pipe coupling 75, a sharp increase in resistances occurs, which leads to an increase in pressure in the hydraulic system and when a certain pressure is reached, the valve in the hydraulic system automatically opens and the working fluid enters the hydraulic cylinders 50 of the fastening mechanism of the threads of the upper body 2 and the hydraulic cylinders 27 of the mechanism attachment of threads of the lower case 1. There is a process of attachment of threads.

When the pipes are unscrewed by the deviation of the control handle, the hydraulic system is switched on to the maximum pressure at which the working fluid simultaneously enters the hydraulic cylinders 51 and 27 of the thread unlocking mechanisms, into the hydraulic cylinders 44 of the brake 39 and the hydraulic motors 58 - the thread breaks. Simultaneously with the beginning of the release, pressure is applied to the hydraulic cylinders 25 of the lifting of the upper housing 2.

At the completion of the pipe screwing or unscrewing operations, the key is retracted from the well axis to the reserve position by means of rack rolling rods 30, gear units 65 and hydraulic cylinders 66.

The threaded part of the screw nipple of the screw pipe 76 is made according to the scheme: the key is lowered to the lower position, its blocks 69 with nozzles 70 are in the position of the threaded part of the pipe nipple 76, previously inserted into the coupling of the column 75. Pressure is applied to the piston part of the spool 72, the springs 73 are compressed , withdrawing the spool 72, forming a container in front of the block 72, into which a portion of the lubricant is supplied. When the pressure is released, the springs 73 are opened, moving the spool 72, and squeeze a portion of the lubricant through the nozzles onto the threaded part of the nipple, after which the key rises to the screw-unscrew position.

Information sources

1. Drill key automatic standard AKB-3M2 TU 26-02028-79.

2. US Patent No. 3550485, MKI B 25 V 17/00.

3. US patent No. 4585079, MKI E 21 3/04.

4. Copyright certificate No. 1170111, MKI E 21 B 19/16.

5. Copyright certificate No. 1640352, MKI E 21 V 19/16.

6. Copyright certificate No. 1498904, MKI E 21 B 19/16; 19/00.

7. Copyright certificate No. 1661335, MKI E 21 B 19/16.

8. Patent No. 20119677, MKI 5 E 21 B 19/16.

9. Patent No. 2078901, MKI E 21 B 19/16.

10. Patent No. 2086400, MKI E 21 B 19/16.

11. Copyright certificate No. 1357537, MKI E 21 B 19/16 (prototype).

Claims (3)

1. A key for screwing and unscrewing the locking joints of downhole pipes, comprising an upper and lower case with gear rotor wheels integrated in them, in which pipe clamping devices are placed; blocks of gear and intermediate gears with a pipe rotation drive, as well as a key displacement positioner, characterized in that it is divided into separate independent technological units and includes an upper case with an integrated thread fastening device, a pipe clamp device, a brake device and a set of intermediate gear wheels lower case with built-in device for fastening and unfastening threads, pipe clamping device and a set of intermediate gears; the pipe rotation drive is made in the form of a drive unit common for rotation and pipe locking, comprising a differential and high-speed gearbox with hydraulic motors; a positioner that is made with mechanisms of horizontal and vertical movement of the key; a lubricant supply mechanism to a threaded portion of a screw pipe nipple; the upper case is made with the possibility of its rotation about the axis of the pipe-clamping device and its raising or lowering relative to the lower case, the mechanism of vertical movement of the positioner is made in the form of two independent nodes, including a table and a lower base connected to the table with a movable column with an integrated table lifting cylinder, and the lower case, in turn, is equipped with retractable stops for fixing the upper case, two brackets and four ties, fastened with two rack rolling pin the mechanism of the horizontal movement of the positioner key, which are connected through gear units to the horizontal hydraulic cylinders built into the table body. 2. The key according to claim 1, characterized in that the brake device of the upper case contains a pulley, four brake pads and a staple clip with hydraulic cylinders for clamping the pads to the pulley placed therein; in this case, the cage in the central part has a gear sector, which interacts through the racks and the gear with the hydraulic cylinders of fastening and unfastening the threads, from the influence of which the reverse reactions from the rotation drive are mutually annihilated, and the cage and through it the brake pulley and pipe clamping device receive an additional torque moment, while the key is equipped with an additional mechanism of fastening and unfastening the threads in the lower case, consisting of two hydraulic cylinders connected by rods to the rotor wheel, and the bodies through hinges with the lower key housing, and the reactive moments from the drive unit and the actions of the hydraulic cylinders are directed to each other with opposite signs. 3. The key according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that on the brake device of the upper case there is a mechanism for supplying technological lubricant to the threaded part of the screw pipe nipple, which contains a base with radially placed grooves, into which the block bodies with nozzles are integrated, which have the possibility of radial displacement, with each case is made with a cylindrical bore, in which is built a syringe mechanism consisting of a spool with a piston and a spring.

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