RU2268512C2 - Shipborne heater assembly - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: nuclear-power engineering; heating engineering; shipborne heater assembly.

SUBSTANCE: the invention is pertaining to the field of nuclear-power engineering, heating engineering and may be used for a heating of military and civil objects. The shipborne heater assembly contains throttled devices, sections of a recuperative heat-exchanger, a pump or a pump with a propeller of a controlled pitch, remote-controlled accessories, a set of sensor units and signaling devices, an automatic control system. The throttled devices mounted on the steam inlet in the heat-exchanger section and the automatic control system with the relief valves always ensure the steam pressure below the pressure of the mains-operated water. The invention is aimed at an increase of efficiency of utilization of nuclear fuel of the atomic submarines and atomic-powered icebreakers due to combustion of the nuclear fuel, which has remained in the end of the active operating period of their fissile regions and before utilization of an atomic submarine or an atomic ship for heating.

EFFECT: the invention ensures an increased efficiency of utilization for heating of nuclear fuel of the atomic submarines and atomic-powered icebreakers remained in the end of the active operating period of their fissile regions and before utilization of an atomic submarine or an atomic ship.

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Description

The invention relates to nuclear energy, to heat engineering with a new method of using nuclear energy of a nuclear submarine (NPS) at the end of a campaign and during disposal. It can be used in the production of thermal energy for heating coastal facilities, military bases, enterprises, emergency villages and others.

- In Switzerland, at the Betsnau company, from a 350 MW reactor for 17 years there has been a village heating system (100 MW provides heat to 20 thousand residents), the reactor was commissioned in 1971.

- "Foreign nuclear power plants", issue 24, p. 53, Moscow, 1988 (1), "Nuclear technology abroad", No. 12, p. 17, Moscow, 1994

- A floating nuclear power plant (PAS) is manufactured at the Baltiysky Zavod plant for heating and power supply of the village, the thermal power of reactors is 300-500 MW - Marine Fleet, No. 11, pp. 21-23, Moscow, 1991 (2) .

- The service life of Russian reactors in Finland is extended by the companies TVO, IVO up to 45-60 years. - "Nuclear Technology Abroad" - No. 10, p. 32, 1997. The same thermal power is available for nuclear submarines and cruisers - AS Pavlov, "Warships of the USSR and Russia 1945-1995," reference book, p. 20-26, Yakutsk, 1994 (3).

As a prototype of the invention accept A.S. No. 1322883 "Method for the operation of a nuclear heat and power plant", IPC G 21 D 3/08, it states that selected steam from a turbine, a regenerative high-pressure heater, a peak heater are used to heat the network water. That is, the authors follow the usual path of increasing efficiency, a relatively expensive method.

In the proposed method, we intentionally lose slightly the efficiency for throttling steam to a pressure below the pressure of the mains water in order to obtain safe and highly environmentally friendly production of hot water in the heater block on the ship.

The purpose of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the use of nuclear fuel in a ship’s steam generating unit (PUF) by burning off its residue (when the reactor can be launched by special methods) at the end of the core (AZ) campaign and during dismantlement of nuclear submarines for heating civilian and military installations in stationary mode the reactor. On ships, there is always an unsteadiness of reactor control processes, leading to a lack of reactivity at the end of the AZ campaign with up to a third of nuclear fuel consumed - there comes a time when the remainder of the nuclear fuel is not enough to perform the official functions of the ship, nuclear submarines.

On the submarine deck or in the area of the special compartment in the container, the heater block shown in the diagram is located, consisting of a comb of chokes pos. 2, 3, 4, three sections of a regenerative heat exchanger pos. 18, a pump or pump with an adjustable pitch screw pos. 12, and a filter pos. 14, remotely controlled valves pos. 13, bypass valves pos. 8, 9, 10, and a set of sensors (level AD-3R-O pos. 15, temperature KM-140-M-402-ОМЧ pos. 16, vapor pressure 44SA12V-16-1.6 MPa - 0.8 MPa - 10 pos. 5, 6, 7, water pressure 44CA32N-14-1.6 MPa - 0.9 MPa - 10 pos. 11, induced activity of PMMG pos. 17) and quick-acting shut-off valves pos. 1.

The scheme works as follows.

Steam throttled up to 0.2 MPa, 0.4 MPa, 0.8 MPa from the special room tee is fed into the annulus of the sections of the heat exchanger 18, and the condensate is discharged to the main condensers (GC), and / or sent to the feed water system by a condensate pump. At the same time, all the PPU systems are operating normally.

In order to ensure environmental friendliness, that is, to make it impossible to leak from the submarine into the heating system and to constantly clamp the tubes to the tube sheets, a tracking automatic control system (CAP) was used. Signaling devices are included in the CAP: on heating water 44CA32N-14-1.6 MPa - 0.9 MPa - 10 pos. 11, opening safety valves pos. 8, 9, 10 at a pressure of less than 0.9 MPa, and on a throttled pair 44CA12V -16-1.6 MPa - 0.8 MPa - 10 pos. 5, 6, 7, each of which opens, respectively, the safety valve pos. 8, 9,10 at a pressure of more than 0.8 MPa.

At the inlet and outlet of the steam of the second circuit, quick-acting emergency valves of pos. 1 are installed in the heater block, which are triggered by the signaling device for the lack of network water, pos.15 and from the operator panel.

Debugging of the system and the main parameters is carried out at the booth of the high-pressure boiler.

In the heating circuit of the heat exchanger, by regulating the flow rate of the pump by throttling, eliminate steam formation in order to avoid salinization. The circuit is powered by a ship turbogenerator. The readings of the sensors are displayed on the operator’s console of the power plant.

In order to unify the equipment for all nuclear submarines, the most powerful option for the 941 Shark project is calculated, with a thermal capacity of 2 · 184 MW - (3), p. 20. The regenerative heat exchanger consists of three sections, each of which is a group of heat exchangers. The casing of all sections should be tested with pressure Рпр. = 2.5 / 5.8 MPa, it is an object of the State Technical Supervision Authority. For the heat transfer surface of the section, tubes of DKRM 16 · 1.5 MNZHMts 30-1-1, TU48-21-723-81 in the amount of 3259 pieces, 4995 mm long (or nickel silver) were used.

The calculation of the heat exchange surface of the heater unit and thermodynamic parameters was performed at the department of SSU of the Severodvinsk branch of the St. Petersburg Maritime Technical University in accordance with the standard calculation from the Handbook of the Power Engineering of an Industrial Enterprise, Volume 3, Power Engineering, edited by V.N. Yurenev, p. 270- 278, Moscow, Energy, 1965. The calculation showed that the flow rate of the network water is from 200 to 2138 t / h depending on the introduced reactor power and network characteristics, the steam pressure in the sections is 0.2 MPa, 0, 4 MPa, 0.8 MPa. The heat exchange surface provides the necessary 10% margin.

The performance of the heating water pump pos.12 and, accordingly, the number of sections of the heat exchanger is calculated according to the characteristics of the network for each object individually.

Other heat exchangers are possible.

The media are directed into multiple cross currents. Pipes and piping tracing provide condensate drain in the gas condensate and the removal of steam bubbles in the heating circuit due to a slope; assemble the heat exchanger sections into the block through spacers with a diameter corresponding to the cylindrical part of the main body

The number of sections of the heat exchanger is a matter of efficiency, if nickel silver tubes can be reduced taking into account the characteristics of the network.

The main advantages of the heater unit operating mode:

- it is environmentally safe (due to the constant excess of the pressure of the mains water over the pressure of the throttled steam there is no leakage, micro-leaks into the mains), the heating of the facilities due to the previously unburned remainder of the nuclear fuel of the nuclear submarine (ship) is hundreds of days in heating mode;

- the cost of manufacturing a heater block is hundreds of times lower than the manufacturing of a floating nuclear power plant (PAS) due to the high unification of parts from dismantled nuclear submarines, and it performs the same heating functions as greener;

- the mode of operation at low pressures is much safer (which is important on the ship), and the minimum pressure drop on the tubes of the heat exchanger section and non-aggressive medium prolongs their service, prevents cracking.

Thermal energy safety is ensured by low pressure of the throttled steam up to 0.8 MPa and by the operation of the valves pos. 1 from the water supply switch off pos.15 and the power plant operator.

Nuclear safety - by the fact that nothing changes on the nuclear submarines, the functioning of all ship systems in the normal mode is ensured.

Environmental safety - by a constant excess of the pressure of the mains water over the pressure of the throttled steam in the heat exchanger (monitored by automation). The water activity of the fourth circuit does not exceed the background values.

The heater block is placed in a container with loading and fixing units, with a removable roof. On the side walls, put the name of the CAT, the coordinates of the center of gravity, the date of the next test and the emblem of the green planet in meter font.

In an emergency (freezing) in a residential village of 20 thousand people. Cape Schmidt was supplied with steam directly from the submarine for heating. This is extremely dangerous, since contamination of the secondary circuit is possible, and quite dangerous from an environmental point of view. The ship heater block civilizes this task.

The proposed method is beneficial in the disposal of nuclear submarine foam, since the heater block can be almost entirely assembled from the utilized parts.

The afterburning of the remaining nuclear fuel of ships is an alternative source of thermal energy with an insufficient volume of northern delivery. There are unused nuclear fuel residues in the ships AZ, suitable for generating thermal energy.

The consumer properties of the heater block are very large: a nuclear submarine or a ship arrives in an ecologically clean area, provides ecologically clean heat and leaves at the end of the contract, taking all radioactive waste to the base for reprocessing.

Claims (1)

A ship heater unit that processes the thermal power of a ship’s nuclear installation into hot mains water, containing throttling devices, sections of a regenerative heat exchanger, a pump or pump with an adjustable pitch screw, remotely controlled valves, a set of sensors and signaling devices, and an automatic control system installed on throttle devices steam inlet to the heat exchanger section, and an automatic control system with safety valves always provide a pressure of Pa below the pressure of the mains water.