RU226269U1 - CUMULATIVE AMMUNITION - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of weapons and ammunition, namely to cumulative ammunition. The cumulative ammunition contains a body, an explosive charge with a cumulative recess placed in it and a lining of the cumulative recess, an insert placed in the body of the lining flush with its inner surface and spaced from the top of the lining at a distance equal to 0.20-0.25 caliber of the explosive charge . The explosive charge is made of two charges coaxially located along the axis of the cumulative ammunition: external and central. The external charge is made of an explosive with an increased detonation speed compared to the central charge. Around the lining of the cumulative recess, at its base, there is a coaxially placed conical shell made of a material that intensively releases oxygen when heated, containing a flammable liquid with the highest combustion temperature in the form of carbon subnitride. The technical result is to increase the penetration value of armored vehicles of various classes. 1 salary f-ly, 1 ill.

Description

Field of technology

The utility model relates to military equipment, in particular to the design of cumulative ammunition designed to penetrate armor equipped with single-layer dynamic protection.

State of the art

In the most commonly used version, the shaped charge consists of an axisymmetric charge of a high explosive (HE) with a recess at one of its ends (cumulative recess), lined with a relatively thin (1...2 mm thick) metal shell (copper, steel, aluminum, etc.). d.). When an explosive charge is initiated (detonated) from the side opposite the cumulative recess with a metal lining, a detonation wave arises that moves along the charge axis.

The detonation wave, propagating towards the lining of the cone surface, collapses it in the radial direction, and as a result of the collision of parts of the lining, the pressure in it increases sharply. In this case, the pressure of the explosion products, reaching about 10 ¹⁰ Pa (10 ⁵ kg⋅s/cm²), significantly exceeds the yield strength of the metal, therefore the movement of the metal lining under the influence of the explosion products is similar to the flow of a liquid, which in this case is caused not by melting, but by plastic deformation . Depending on the design parameters of the shaped charge, as a result of the collapse of the metal lining of the cumulative recess, a high-gradient metal cumulative jet (CS) or a gradient-free element is formed, which directly ensures the penetration of a strong barrier [Ladov S.V., Kobylki I.F. The use of shaped charges in explosive technologies. M.: Publishing house of MSTU im. N.E. Bauman, 1995.- 45 pp.; Physics of explosion / Ed. K.P. Stanyukovich. M.: Nauka, 1975.- 704 p.]. High-gradient CS in free flight under the action created during the formation of a velocity gradient lengthen and at a certain moment break into separate elements that do not subsequently change their length. In this case, the depth of penetration of a metal CS barrier is largely determined by its length at the time of rupture into individual elements, and with an increase in the length of the ruptured CS, the penetration depth also increases. Since when a cumulative jet meets armor, a very high pressure develops, which exceeds the tensile strength of metals by one or two orders of magnitude (for example, the tensile strength of alloy steel is 10 ⁹ Pa, carbon steel is 3-8 10 ⁸ Pa), the cumulative jet interacts with the armor in accordance with the laws of hydrodynamics, that is, upon collision they behave like ideal liquids. Therefore, the strength of armor in its traditional sense plays virtually no role in this case and everything is determined by the parameters of the density and thickness of the armor. The theoretical penetration ability of cumulative ammunition is proportional to the length of the cumulative jet and the square root of the ratio of the density of the cone (funnel) lining to the density of the armor. The practical depth of penetration of a cumulative jet into monolithic armor of existing ammunition varies in the range from 1.5 to 4...5 calibers of ammunition. At the same time, the ability of KS elements to elongate without breaking is characterized by the value of the ultimate elongation coefficient, which, in particular, depends on the flow characteristics of the KS material [Marinin V.M., Babkin A.V., Kolpakov V.I. Methodology for calculating the functioning of shaped charges. // Defense technology. No. 4, 1995, p. 34-39]. The nature of the dependence of the coefficient of ultimate elongation on the strength characteristics is such that with an increase in the degree of softening of the material, the ability of the CS elements to elongate without breaking also increases, which leads to an increase in the effective length of the CS and the penetration depth.

Various designs of armor-piercing caliber and sub-caliber artillery shells are known [Artillery and missiles [Text] / Dr. Tech. science regiment V. A. Baranyuk, Ph.D. military Sciences Major General of Artillery L. L. Blagorazumov, Col. E. N. Zalygin and others. M.: Voenizdat, 1968, pp. 128 - 129]. A common disadvantage of such projectiles is their relatively low armor penetration, which is associated with the inability to achieve speeds of interaction with obstacles exceeding 2000 m/sec.

Known cumulative ammunition [Pokrovsky G.I. Cumulative charge - TSB, M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1973, vol. 13, p. 606 - 607], which, thanks to the high-speed cumulative jet (CS) formed by the explosion, are capable of penetrating barriers up to 4...5 calibers thick (without the use of cores made of depleted uranium or tungsten - like sub-caliber projectiles).

However, a significant drawback of classical cumulative ammunition is a sharp decrease in their effectiveness against barriers equipped with elements of dynamic protection, which, acting on the cumulative jet, completely or partially destroys it.

High-explosive warheads are known [for example, patent DE No. 1411912, IPC F42B13/12, 01/19/1973], the explosive charges of which consist of a central and concentrically located external charge, made of high-explosive explosive compositions (EC) with different detonation rates.

In the specified technical solution, the central charge is made of BC with an increased detonation speed compared to the BC of the external charge. The external charge is made of BC with a reduced detonation speed, but an increased high-explosive effect. At the same time, the absence of a high-explosive warhead with cumulative action in the specified design reduces the level of effectiveness of hitting a wide range of durable targets, for example, armored vehicles of various classes, etc.

There are known methods for increasing the penetrating effect of a shaped charge and a device based on it [for example, Patent US No. 5155296. Warhead with thermal explosion enhancement. 13.10.92, No. 853, 554, MKI ⁵ F 42 B 12/10], including heating the metal lining of the cumulative recess, carried out before detonating the shaped charge from its free surface by passing an electric current through a heated element placed on the free surface metal lining in contact with it while simultaneously placing a heat insulator on the surface of the metal lining facing the explosive charge.

The disadvantages of the known technical solution are the complexity of the technical implementation associated with the need to use a powerful and small-sized source of electrical energy and connecting and switching elements of the electrical circuit, the inability to form a rational temperature distribution with a maximum value at the base of the cladding and a minimum at its top, low efficiency due to placing the heated element in the zone of formation of the CS, and the heat insulator on the surface of the metal lining facing the explosive, which negatively affects the breakdown effect of the shaped charge.

A cumulative ammunition is known (see RF patent No. 2726761, IPC F42B12/18, publ. 07/15/2020), consisting of a housing in which an explosive charge with a copper cumulative lining is placed, a fuse consisting of a piezoelectric generator and a safety-actuating mechanism, between The cumulative lining and the safety-actuating mechanism house a tube made of a material having a speed of sound exceeding the speed of detonation of the explosive charge.

The disadvantage of the known solution is the complexity of the design and, consequently, the complexity of manufacturing. In addition, if you have multi-layer armor, the absence of a second charge will not allow you to overcome dynamic protection. If alloying elements are added to the armor, the penetrating power of the charge decreases.

A cumulative device is known (see RF patent No. 2383849, IPC 12 F42B 1/028, published on March 10, 2010) containing a cylindrical explosive charge, an axial cumulative recess in the shape of a hemisphere-cylinder with a metal lining, and a detonation device. In the cavity of the cumulative charge recess, an insert in the form of a metal cup with an axial cumulative recess in the shape of a hemisphere-cylinder and a flange with a stepped end surface facing the charge is installed coaxially with it.

However, the design of the cumulative notch is made in the form of a hemisphere-cylinder, therefore, maximum armor-piercing power can only be obtained at long distances. If the explosion is too close to the armor, the cumulative jet simply does not have time to form and, as a result, its penetration is significantly reduced. If the detonation is too far from the armor, the jet reduces its effectiveness.

The closest to the proposed utility model and adopted as a prototype is a cumulative ammunition according to RF patent No. 2055301 (MPK F42B12/10), designed to penetrate armor equipped with single-layer dynamic protection, containing a housing with an explosive charge placed in it with a cumulative notch and a lining of the cumulative notch . In addition, the ammunition is additionally equipped with an insert made of a low-density material, for example, aluminum; in this case, the liner is made in the form of a conical ring with a height B = a ₁ * a ₂ * α, where - a ₁ = 10.26...11.34 mm; a ₂ =0.114…0.126 mm/deg; α is the opening angle of the cladding with a thickness equal to δ=0.15...0.20 of the cladding thickness, and the liner is placed in the body of the cladding flush with its inner surface and is spaced from the top of the cladding at a distance equal to 0.20...0.25 charge caliber.

The disadvantage of the known technical solution is the limited effectiveness of cumulative ammunition against obstacles equipped with new generation dynamic protection elements with high detonation speeds.

Disclosure of the essence of the utility model

The technical problem of the utility model is to increase the effectiveness of cumulative ammunition against obstacles equipped with dynamic protection elements with high detonation speeds.

The technical result is an increase in the penetration value of armored vehicles of various classes.

This technical result is achieved by the fact that in a cumulative ammunition containing a housing, an explosive charge with a cumulative recess placed in it, and a lining of the cumulative recess, an insert made of low-density material is placed in the body of the lining flush with its inner surface and spaced from the top of the lining by distance equal to 0.20-0.25 caliber charge; according to the solution, the explosive charge is made of two charges coaxially located along the axis of the cumulative ammunition: external and central, and the external charge is made of an explosive with an increased detonation speed compared to the central charge , around the lining of the cumulative recess, at its base, there is a coaxially placed conical shell made of a material that intensively releases oxygen when heated, containing a flammable liquid with the highest combustion temperature.

The conical shell is made of alkali metal perchlorate, or alkali metal permanganate, or alkali metal nitrate.

Carbon subnitride is chosen as the flammable liquid.

Brief description of drawings

The utility model is illustrated by a drawing showing a cross-section of a cumulative ammunition.

The positions in the drawing indicate:

1 – body;

2 – central explosive charge;

3 – facing;

4 – liner;

5 – external charge;

6 – conical shell, made of a material that intensively releases oxygen when heated;

7 – flammable liquid.

Implementation of a utility model

The cumulative ammunition contains a housing 1, loaded with an explosive charge, a lining 3 with an insert 4. The explosive charge is made of two charges coaxially located along the axis of the cumulative ammunition: external 5 and central 2. Moreover, the external charge 5 is made of an explosive with an increased charge 2 with a detonation speed, and around the lining 3 of the cumulative recess at its base there is a conical shell made of a material that intensively releases oxygen 6 when heated, containing a flammable liquid (liquid substance with the highest combustion temperature) 7.

The liner is made in the form of a conical ring with a height B = a ₁ * a ₂ * α, where a ₁ = 10.26 ... 11.34 mm; a ₂ =0.114…0.126 mm/deg; α is the opening angle of the lining, with a thickness δ=0.15…0.20 of the lining thickness and is placed in the body of the lining at a distance A=(0.20…0.25) ⋅ d, (where d is the charge caliber) from the top of the lining to the smaller end of the liner flush with the inner surface of the lining at a distance equal to 0.20...0.25 caliber of charge.

The device works as follows.

When hitting a target, when the detonation products act on a part of the lining with length A, a cumulative jet is formed from the lining material. This part of the cumulative jet is necessary to penetrate structural elements, for example, homing heads located in the head of the ammunition. Next, a cumulative jet is formed from a part of the lining of length B, on the inner surface of which an insert made of a low-density material is pressed. This part of the cumulative jet freely passes through the warhead, without wasting energy on its penetration, and affects the dynamic protection element without initiating explosives in it. The subsequently formed cumulative jet freely penetrates through the hole in the dynamic protection element and is embedded in the material of the main barrier.

From the physics of the processes of a cumulative explosion, it follows that an increase in the penetrative effect of shaped charges can be carried out through the thermal effect on the metal lining of the cumulative recess, carried out before the detonation of the shaped charge and softening the material of the metal lining and, accordingly, the material formed as a result of its collapse - a cumulative jet. Moreover, to increase penetration, it is necessary to create an inverse distribution of the temperature of the metal shell - with a minimum value at its top and a maximum value at the base, since the greatest contribution to the penetration of barriers is made by the elements of the CS formed from the part of the metal lining adjacent to the base [Physics of explosion / Ed. . K.P. Stanyukovich. M.: Nauka, 1975.- 704 p.].

Therefore, since the explosive charge is made of two charges coaxially located along the axis of the cumulative ammunition: external 5 and central 2, and the external charge 5 is made of an explosive with an increased detonation speed compared to the central charge 2, and around the lining of the cumulative recess at its base there is a coaxial If a conical shell 6 is placed from a material that intensively releases oxygen when heated, containing a flammable liquid 7 with the highest combustion temperature, then the action of the formed cumulative jet becomes more effective and intense, providing an increase in the amount of armor penetration of armored vehicles of various classes, equipped with elements of dynamic protection with high detonation speeds, thereby solving the problem of the utility model.

Note that a liquid substance with the highest combustion temperature can be used as a flammable liquid 7, for example, a low-boiling liquid - carbon subnitride - C ₄ N _2, having the structure of dicyanoacetylene - NC–C=C–CN.

When carbon subnitride C ₄ N ₂ ignites and burns in the air, a flame with the highest temperature T≈4988 ° C is created:

C ₄ N ₂ +4O ₂ =4CO ₂ +N ₂ ,

Moreover, when it burns in an atmosphere with a high oxygen content, the flame temperature increases by several hundred degrees.

As a conical shell 6 made of a material that intensively releases oxygen when heated, fine powders can be used, for example, perchlorates, permanganates, alkali metal nitrates, in particular, KClO ₄ , etc., placed in a thin elastic closed shell, for example, made of silicone .

In the proposed cumulative ammunition, the explosive charge is made of two charges coaxially located along the axis of the cumulative ammunition: external 5 and central 2, and the external charge 5 is made of an explosive with an increased detonation speed compared to the central charge 2. As an external charge 5 located along the axis of the cumulative ammunition, for example, octogen, which is highly sensitive to impact and has a detonation speed of about 9100 m/s, can be used; and as a central charge 2 located along the axis of the cumulative ammunition, for example, hexogen, which has a lower detonation speed of 8640 m/s, can be used. Therefore, when a cumulative ammunition hits a target, first, when the external charge 5 is detonated, “compression” occurs towards the axis at a speed of the order of 18,000 m/s of the conical shell 6 of a material that intensively releases oxygen when heated, containing a flammable liquid 7 with the highest combustion temperature, causing it detonation and ignition in a time of approximately t ≈10 ^-7 s, followed by detonation (after approximately t ≈10 ^-8 s) of the central charge 2, the joint actions of which form a cumulative jet of increased intensity and efficiency.

The dimensions of the conical shell 6 made of a material that intensively releases oxygen when heated, containing a flammable liquid 7 with the highest combustion temperature will be determined by the caliber of the cumulative ammunition, the material of the lining of the cumulative recess, as well as the mass and type of external 5 and central 2 explosives, etc., and may be approximately 0.1...0.15 of the size of the cumulative excavation.

A comparative analysis with the prototype shows that the proposed cumulative ammunition makes it possible to increase the effectiveness of action against obstacles equipped with elements of dynamic protection with high detonation speeds, that is, it provides an increase in the amount of penetration of armor of armored vehicles of various classes through the thermal effect on the metal lining of the cumulative recess, carried out before detonation cumulative charge.

Claims (2)

1. A cumulative ammunition containing a body, an explosive charge with a cumulative recess placed in it, and a lining of the cumulative recess, an insert placed in the body of the lining flush with its inner surface and spaced from the top of the lining at a distance of 0.20-0.25 caliber explosive charge, characterized in that the explosive charge is made of two charges coaxially located along the axis of the cumulative ammunition: external and central, and the external charge is made of an explosive with an increased detonation speed compared to the central charge, around the lining of the cumulative recess, at at its base, a conical shell made of a material that intensively releases oxygen when heated is placed coaxially, containing a flammable liquid with the highest combustion temperature in the form of carbon subnitride. 2. Ammunition according to claim 1, characterized in that the conical shell is made of alkali metal perchlorate, or alkali metal permanganate, or alkali metal nitrate.