RU226119U1 - Autonomous container-type fire module with a universal combined fire extinguishing installation - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to fire-fighting equipment, in particular to fire-fighting equipment, and can be primarily used for extinguishing large-scale fires and carrying out emergency rescue operations in transport, when eliminating the consequences of emergencies with fire and explosive materials and cargo of III-IV hazard classes, when carrying out emergency rescue operations in areas of natural and man-made emergencies, fast-growing hydrocarbon fires on sea vessels and offshore platforms for hydrocarbon production and offshore coastal facilities with a high degree of fire and explosion hazard. To increase the efficiency of fire extinguishing, an autonomous fire module is made on the basis of a container for cargo transportation and contains a combined fire extinguishing installation with the possibility of separate generation and separate supply under the pressure of air-mechanical foam of medium expansion, air-mechanical foam of low expansion, sprayed and dispersed water or quick-hardening foam on based on foamed silica gel, a pump with a motor, containers with components of fire extinguishing agents, a system of suction and pressure pipelines with shut-off, control and connecting fittings with the possibility of hydraulic communication with sources of fire extinguishing agents and connection pipes for a combined fire extinguishing installation, manual fire extinguishing equipment and fire hoses, wherein the combined fire extinguishing installation in an autonomous fire module contains a housing, a grid cassette located inside the housing, nozzles for supplying fire extinguishing agent to the grid cassette located in front of the grid cassette, a barrel with an ejector mixer located inside the barrel with an ejection suction pipe for the fire extinguishing agent component inside the barrel, supply pipelines fire extinguishing agents on the nozzles and in the barrel and opening/closing valves of fire extinguishing agent pipelines. 8 salary f-ly, 10 ill.

Description

Field of technology

The utility model relates to fire-fighting equipment, in particular to fire-fighting equipment, and can be primarily used for extinguishing large-scale fires and carrying out emergency rescue operations in transport, when eliminating the consequences of emergencies with fire and explosive materials and cargo of III-IV hazard classes, when carrying out emergency rescue operations in areas of natural and man-made emergencies, fast-growing hydrocarbon fires on sea vessels and offshore platforms for hydrocarbon production and offshore coastal facilities with a high degree of fire and explosion hazard through separate generation and separate supply under pressure of air-mechanical foam of medium expansion , low expansion air-mechanical foam, atomized and dispersed water, or fast-curing silica gel foam.

State of the art

Dangerous goods (fire, explosive and chemical substances) are transported mainly by rail, large-capacity road and sea transport in tanks and containers.

Fires in railway and large-capacity road and maritime transport are particularly complex.

The explosion of railway tanks with petroleum products occurs, as a rule, 16-24 minutes after the start of exposure to an open flame. The height of the flame reaches 50 meters. The explosion of one railway tank contributes to an increase in the fire area to more than 1500 m ² . The impact of open flame and high temperature on railway tanks with flammable liquids and gases leads to a flash of the oily layer on their surface. The presence of leaks and malfunctions of shut-off valves on tanks with flammable liquids and liquefied hydrocarbon gases leads to an outbreak of liquid vapor above the necks of the tanks, as well as gases above excess valves.

The most rapid spread of fire occurs when flammable liquids (FLL) and flammable liquids (FL) spill from railway and road tanks as a result of accidents, collisions or derailments of trains and cars.

Statistics of fires on railway tanks with flammable liquids and flammable liquids show that the area of liquid spillage from one tank is 800-1400 ^m2, depending on the condition and type of soil, weather conditions and terrain, as a result of which the fire area can reach 10000-35000 ^m2 .

When tanks with liquefied hydrocarbon gases (LPG) explode, a torch is emitted to a height of up to 120-150 m, followed by flame combustion up to 50 m high. Fragments of exploded tanks are scattered over a distance of up to 150 m, and in some cases up to 450 m. Sometimes an explosion tears the tank off the railway platform and throws it at a distance of up to 80 m. All this leads to the emergence of new fires and re-ignition of spilled flammable liquids.

During fires, damage to tanks and containers with toxic gases and liquids is also possible, which leads to gas contamination of the area and difficulty in combat operations until the fires are extinguished, and also necessitates the evacuation of the population from areas adjacent to the scene of the incident.

Extinguishing fires during accidents on large-capacity transport is complicated by:

high fire load and chemical hazard of transported large-tonnage cargo;

rapid spread of fire;

spills of flammable, combustible, poisonous and toxic liquids from tanks and the formation of gas-polluted areas in the adjacent territory;

the presence of a threat to nearby people;

the usual limitation of entrances and approaches to the site of an accident and fire and the complexity of laying hose lines;

absence or remoteness of water sources;

the air shock wave of explosions, the resulting cloud of fuel-air mixtures of LPG and flammable liquids, the mechanical impact of fragments of tanks formed during the explosion.

A distinctive feature of accidents and disasters at sea transport and on-site facilities for the production, processing and transportation of petroleum products and liquefied natural gas is the extreme speed of development of emergency processes associated with the release of hydrocarbons and their combustion in conditions of dense placement of technological equipment.

It is for this reason that the basic concept of fire and explosion suppression systems on marine ships and platforms is the need to provide an instant response to a fire of any size.

The most important factor in localizing fire extinguishing on large-scale railway and road transport, on sea vessels and offshore platforms for hydrocarbon production and offshore coastal facilities with a high degree of fire and explosion hazard is the prevention of flaming combustion in any form. The physical essence of this condition lies in the fact that the concept of “fire extinguishing” means the creation of such physical conditions that would exclude the possibility of continuing combustion processes in any form and of any material.

Mobile and stationary container-type fire extinguishing installations are known that supply water, foam or a fine jet by pump.

Well-known marine complete pumping stations are Nijhuis Fire Fighting Protection (Netherlands), SPP-Pumps Ltd. (England), MTT (USA), Flughafenfeuerwehr Baden-Airpark (Germany), allowing to generate either only jets of water or jets of low-expansion foam of the required range, but unsatisfactory efficiency when extinguishing hydrocarbon fires due to the low efficiency of extinguishing hydrocarbon fires with water due to their greater low density compared to water. Therefore, water-foam fire extinguishing systems and methods are being intensively developed.

Low expansion foams have good cooling ability and a high rate of spreading over the surface of the fuel, and an increased supply range. However, they are not effective enough due to their low insulating ability; in addition to low expansion foam, they are usually prepared on the basis of expensive and environmentally harmful fluorine-containing foaming agents.

It is known that water-air-air-mechanical foams have good heat-insulating properties, but their use in large-scale fires is limited due to the usual short range, low spreading rate on the surface of the fuel, high coefficient of destruction from the effects of radiant thermal and convective flame flows, as well as from heated metal and other structures of a burning object.

Monitor and hand guns are known that form jets of low expansion foam with a delivery range of 20-60 m. However, they have insufficiently effective fire extinguishing properties, do not allow for a large coverage area and require the use of expensive film-forming fluorinated foaming agents, which does not allow obtaining the required fire extinguishing effect, leading to to prolongation of extinguishing time and the high cost of foaming agents consumed when extinguishing a fire.

It is known to use medium expansion foam, which has increased (compared to low expansion foams) fire extinguishing efficiency when extinguishing oil and oil products, and foam generators in portable and stationary versions. However, most previously known medium expansion foam generators provided foam jets from 3 to 8 m, which made their use difficult due to the high risk of fire department personnel working in the fire zone. Similar methods and devices for forming a jet of medium-expansion foam, described in A.S. USSR No. 1789239, class. A62C 31/12, publ. 01/23/93, and a.s. CCCP No. 1614813, cl. A62C 5/02, publ. 12/23/90.

A device for forming a combined jet of foam of medium and low expansion with a range of a jet of foam of medium expansion of up to 20-50 m is known, containing a means for forming a jet of a foaming agent solution, a foam generator housing and a mesh located in the housing, the foam generator housing is made in the form of a hollow cylinder, to which on the supply side foaming agent solution, a nozzle or other means of forming a jet of foaming agent solution is attached and inside of which a mesh is fixed on the foam outlet side, wherein the body of the foam generator has a length from 0.3 to 1.5 times the distance from the means of forming a jet of foaming agent solution to the mesh. In this case, the means for forming a directed jet of foaming agent solution is configured to regulate the opening angle and/or adjusting the direction of the axis of the foaming agent solution jet and/or regulating the amount of foaming agent solution, ensuring the possibility of forming a foam jet with increasing and decreasing frequency in the foam generator housing or in the space outside the generator housing density in the direction from the center of the jet to the periphery. The foam generator additionally contains a diffuser fixed in the foam generator body directly behind the mesh on the side of the foam outlet, made 0.1-0.9 times the diameter of the diffuser in length and having a free cross-sectional area smaller than the cross-sectional area of the mesh, and the means for forming a directed jet of the foaming agent solution is configured to direct mixing of water and foaming agent in it, made, for example, in the form of an ejection device [RU 2170123, A62C 5/02, Publ. 07/10/2001].

The disadvantage of these fire extinguishing agents is that the fire extinguishing efficiency is insufficient for extinguishing large-scale fires and the range is insufficient.

A device for fire and explosion prevention and fire extinguishing, previously developed by the applicant, is known, manufactured with the ability to receive and supply to the fire and explosion prevention and fire zone at least one jet of hybrid foam with a multiplicity of 20 to 40, obtained as a result of turbulent mixing under a pressure of 0.6-1.4 , mainly 0.8-1.2 MPa, as a result of turbulent mixing in the process of co-movement of coaxial, touching or intersecting jets of low expansion air-mechanical foam with an expansion ratio of 5 to 15 and jets of medium expansion air-mechanical foam with an expansion ratio of 25 to 15 70 with their corresponding ratio in terms of consumption of the foaming agent solution used for their formation from 8:1 to 1:1 and their corresponding volumetric ratio from 0.1 to 1.0 [RU 2757479, A62C 3/06, A62C 5/02, publ. 10/18/2021 Bulletin. No. 29].

The advantages of hybrid foam are its increased fire-extinguishing properties, however, the known devices for its production have insufficient mobility and insufficient range, which are especially important for extinguishing large-scale fires and accidents.

A container of an autonomous fire module is known, which, in order to increase safety during rescue operations associated with extinguishing fires on floating objects, contains ventilation hatches and a telescopic tiltable lighting mast mounted on the roof with a tilt-and-turn platform, made controlled from the command compartment [RU 209417 A62C 3/10 B63C7/00 B65D88/00 Publ. 03/16/2022 Bulletin. No. 8].

The disadvantage of the autonomous fire module container according to RU 209417 is its limited application possibilities due to the presence of a protruding telescopic lighting mast in the upper part in violation of the maximum height requirements for railway transport equipment.

A fire extinguishing installation located in a standard sea container is known, intended for extinguishing fires of any power, mainly on ships, offshore platforms, oil and gas and other fire-hazardous industrial facilities through intensive supply of water or foam, including a water tank, a mechanically driven water pump, a mixer and a monitor barrel, connected by pipelines and fittings, in which the mechanical drive of the pump is made in the form of a diesel engine with a fuel tank, power supply and control panel, the mixer is connected through a pipeline with a shut-off valve to a container for foam concentrate, which is installed above the mixer, and the water tank is made in in the form of a box-shaped tank with a volume of at least 15 ^m3 . In this case, the installation is equipped with an electrical control and automation system, including a device for protecting the pump from “dry running” and starting a diesel engine, and the power source for starting the engine and operating the electrical control and automation system is made in the form of a battery. The high-performance monitor is equipped with a two-plane rotation system, a diesel engine with a fuel tank, a pump, a power supply and a control panel are mounted on a single foundation frame, all electrical and mechanical equipment of the installation is made taking into account its operation in marine conditions, a power source for starting the engine and operation of the electrical control and automation system is made in the form of an air cylinder (cylinders) and a mini-turbine with an electric generator connected to it, the water pump is connected to the ship or industrial water main, and the water tank and foam concentrate container are made of plastic [RU 2426571 A62C 35 /00 Publ. 08/20/2011 Bulletin. No. 23].

A system previously developed by the applicant for extinguishing fires on sea vessels, offshore platforms and offshore coastal facilities is known, containing a pumping station with a water supply facility, a container for foaming agent and a fire extinguishing unit located in a container and connected by pipelines, configured to be created by means of a centrifugal pump and supply under the pressure of a combined water-air jet of low expansion foam with an expansion rate of 7 to 20 and medium expansion foam with an expansion rate of 20 to 100. The system is mobile and can be placed in standard ISO class containers installed and used on the decks of sea vessels and offshore platforms and on vehicles of offshore coastal-based objects. To create and supply, under the pressure of a combined water-air jet, low-expansion foam with an expansion ratio from 7 to 20 and medium-expansion foam with an expansion ratio from 20 to 100, “Purga” combined fire extinguishing installations located inside the container are used. The means for supplying water to the pumping station is made in the form of a water container placed in a container or near the container, or is made in the form of a water supply pipeline connected to the pumping station from behind the side of a sea vessel or offshore platform, or is made in the form of a water supply pipeline connected to the pumping station from water supply system of a sea vessel, offshore platform or offshore coastal facility [RU 108981 A62C31/12 Publ. 10.10.2011 Bulletin. No. 28].

Common technical disadvantages of known analogues and prototypes are limited functionality, relatively short range and power of the foam jet, and insignificant water reserves, which limit the ability to extinguish large-scale fires. And also the ability to extinguish large-scale fires only with air-mechanical foam or water.

The closest in technical essence and achieved technical result (prototype) is an autonomous container-type fire module, which is designed to increase the efficiency of explosion and fire prevention, fire extinguishing and liquidation of man-made and natural accidents, prompt relief and extinguishing of large-scale fires and accidents on roads, railways and at sea , at stationary facilities remote from roads, carrying out emergency rescue operations and eliminating the consequences of emergency situations at various facilities, enterprises and organizations not related to large-tonnage transport and large-scale transportation of fire and explosive goods and materials, but within the limits of tactical and technical capabilities fire-fighting equipment, made on the basis of a 40-foot container for cargo transportation with side external doors and end lifting gates, on the roof of which there are at least two water-foam fire extinguishing devices connected to pressure pipelines with the possibility of pressure supply of multidirectional combined jets of low-expansion air-mechanical foam and hybrid foam or co-directional combined jets of air-mechanical foam of low expansion and hybrid foam with the possibility of obtaining a single jet or single jets of increased power and range, and inside which there is a pump with an engine, at least one container for a foaming agent, a device for mixing water with a foaming agent, at least one device for winding/unwinding and storing fire hoses in reels with the ability to move inside the container and rotate towards the required door or gate of the container, a system of suction and pressure pipelines of fire extinguishing liquid with shut-off and control and connecting fittings and means for quick-release connection/disconnection of hoses water supply, made with the possibility of hydraulic communication with water sources, a pump, a device for mixing water with a foam concentrate and connection pipes for water-foam fire extinguishing devices and fire hoses [RU 218162 A62C35/00 Publ./ 05/15/2023 Bull. No. 14 (prototype)].

The disadvantage of RU 218162 (prototype) is the ability to extinguish large-scale fires only with air-mechanical foam or water.

Problem and technical result

The problem to be solved and the technical result achieved by implementing the utility model is to increase the efficiency of explosion and fire prevention, fire extinguishing and liquidation of accidents of man-made and natural nature during the prompt stopping and extinguishing of large-scale fires and accidents on roads and railways and at sea, as well as at stationary stations remote from roads facilities, during rescue operations and liquidation of consequences of emergency situations at various facilities, enterprises and organizations not related to large-capacity transport and large-capacity transportation of fire and explosive goods and materials, but located within the tactical and technical capabilities of fire-fighting equipment through separate generation and separate supply under pressure of medium expansion air-mechanical foam, low expansion air-mechanical foam, atomized and dispersed water or fast-curing foam based on silica gel foam, since it is known that different fire extinguishing agents are required to effectively extinguish different fires.

The main essence of the utility model

The problem (set task) is solved and the required technical result is achieved by the fact that the proposed autonomous fire module is made on the basis of a container for cargo transportation and contains

installation of combined fire extinguishing with the possibility of separate generation and separate supply under pressure of air-mechanical foam of medium expansion, air-mechanical foam of low expansion, sprayed and dispersed water or fast-hardening foam based on foamed silica gel,

pump with motor

containers with fire extinguishing agent components,

a system of suction and pressure pipelines with shut-off, control and connecting fittings with the possibility of hydraulic communication with sources of fire extinguishing agents and connection pipes for a combined fire extinguishing installation, manual fire extinguishing equipment and fire hoses.

The combined fire extinguishing installation in the proposed autonomous fire module contains

frame,

a grid cassette located inside the body,

nozzles located in front of the grid cassette for supplying fire extinguishing agents to the grid cassette,

a barrel with an ejector mixer located inside the barrel with an ejection suction pipe into the barrel of the fire extinguishing agent component,

pipelines for supplying fire extinguishing agents to the nozzles and into the barrel and

valves for opening/closing pipelines of fire extinguishing agents.

The grid cassette in the combined fire extinguishing installation is made of coaxially installed with interference one inside the other

an inner rim with an annular holder installed and secured in it by means of flat ribs parallel to the direction of movement in the body of the fire extinguishing agent with a through hole for placing the barrel in it,

intermediate rim,

outer rim and

two grids located with a gap relative to each other,

one of which is fixed by its edges in the gap between the mating side surfaces of the outer and intermediate rims, and the other mesh is fixed by its edges in the gap between the mating side surfaces of the intermediate and inner rims,

at the same time, holes are made in the meshes coaxial and commensurate with the through hole of the cage, with the edges of the meshes fixed on the frame by means of ring washers and screws,

and the barrel is placed in the through hole of the holder in the grid cassette and is connected to a means for supplying fire extinguishing agents to it.

The combined fire extinguishing installation used in the autonomous fire module has been manufactured

with the possibility of using a solution of foaming agent, water, and components of quick-hardening foam based on foamed silica gel as fire extinguishing agents,

with the ability to generate and supply under pressure air-mechanical foam of low expansion with a expansion ratio from 5 to 15, obtained by feeding a foam concentrate solution into the barrel or by supplying water into the barrel and supplying a foam concentrate to the ejector mixer,

with the ability to generate and supply under pressure sprayed water and dispersed water when supplying water to the grid cassette and to the barrel,

with the ability to generate in the barrel and supply under pressure a fast-hardening foam based on foamed silica gel, obtained by mixing in the barrel one component of a quick-hardening foam supplied to the barrel in the form of an aqueous solution of a mixture of sodium silicate and a foaming agent and another component of a quick-hardening foam supplied through an ejector mixer in the form an aqueous solution of acetic acid to obtain in the barrel a quick-hardening foam in the form of a foamed silica gel containing, wt.%, 13-65%, preferably 20-50% silica, 1-15%, preferably 6% foaming surfactant, water - the rest, having a volumetric mass of 0.1-0.8 g/cm ³ , volumetric stability of at least 22 hours with a change in volume of no more than 10%, and in a dehydrated state having a volumetric mass of 0.05-0.1 g/cm ³ and retaining at least 95% of the volumetric shape when heated to a temperature of 1000°C for at least 40 minutes, having a micro- and macroporous structure with a specific surface area of at least 20 m ² /g, a plastic gel structure with a multiplicity of 2 to 20 with hardness by viscosity index more than 100 Pa⋅s.

In this case, the proposed autonomous fire module may contain

video surveillance equipment and a manual or remote control system for the operation of the pump and a combined fire extinguishing installation via radio signals and/or the Internet,

power supply and lighting system by means of batteries and/or an autonomous electric generator with manual and/or remote control and a ventilation and cooling system with manual and/or remote control,

means for connecting and using air-mechanical gas, aerosol and powder fire extinguishing devices.

As a container for cargo transportation, the autonomous fire module contains a 20-foot container for cargo transportation of ISO class or a container of type 1CC (1C) in accordance with GOST R53350-2009, the internal walls of which are thermally insulated with a layer of mineral wool and lined with metal panels, and can be manufactured

with the possibility of placement on an automobile or railway platform together with additional fire extinguishing means in the form of additional fire modules and/or robotic devices with the possibility of their joint functioning, control and use during rescue operations and fire extinguishing,

with the possibility of installation on a railway platform, vehicle, on a specialized and non-specialized vessel, ship, drilling platform, tugboat, ferry and other watercraft, tracked transport, on an unequipped coast and on ice, on the quay wall of a sea base or port, on sea vessels and marine platforms for hydrocarbon production and offshore coastal facilities and

with the possibility of transportation and delivery to the installation site or fire extinguishing and emergency rescue operations carried by standard containers for cargo transportation.

Brief description of drawings

The technical essence and design features of the proposed autonomous fire module are illustrated by drawings and photographs, in which item numbers are shown, indicating their possible preferential, but not mandatory implementation and functions, individual elements, parts and assemblies of the proposed container-type autonomous fire module with a universal combined extinguishing installation fire with the possibility of separate generation and separate supply under the pressure of air-mechanical foam of medium expansion, air-mechanical foam of low expansion, sprayed and dispersed water or fast-hardening foam based on foamed silica gel:

1 - container; 2- container for water or component A of quick-hardening foam; 3 - pipeline for supplying water or component A to diesel pump unit 4; 5- foam concentrate capacity; 6 - pipeline for supplying an aqueous solution of a foaming agent or component A to a quick-hardening foam generator or a water-air foam generator; 7 - nozzles for supplying an aqueous solution of foam concentrate to the grid of the water-air foam generator with an average expansion ratio of 8; 9 - barrel for forming water-air foam or quick-hardening foam from a mixture of components A and B; 10 connection pipe for connecting water supply hoses from third-party sources to diesel pump unit 4; 11 - pipeline for supplying foam concentrate to the water supply pipeline for the diesel pump unit; 12 - capacity of component B of quick-hardening foam; 13 - pipeline for supplying component B of quick-hardening foam to the barrel for forming water-air foam or quick-hardening foam from a mixture of components A and B; 14 - exhaust gas muffler for diesel pump unit; 15 - covers of pipes for pouring water or component A of quick-hardening foam into container 2 of water or component A of quick-hardening foam; 16 - cover of the nozzle for filling the foam concentrate into the foam concentrate container 5; 17 - railway platform; 18 - autonomous fire extinguishing module with hybrid water-air foam.

In fig. Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the design of an autonomous fire module.

In fig. 2 - photo of a general view of an autonomous fire module.

In fig. 3 - photo of a general view of an autonomous fire module on a railway platform.

In fig. 4 - photo of a universal combined fire extinguishing installation used in an autonomous fire module with the possibility of remotely controlled rotations in vertical and horizontal planes and with the possibility of separate generation and separate supply under pressure of air-mechanical foam of medium expansion, air-mechanical foam of low expansion, sprayed and dispersed water or fast-curing silica gel foam at a distance of up to 50 m.

In fig. 5 - photo of a pumping unit with a diesel engine, a centrifugal pump and shut-off and control valves on the suction and pressure pipes of the centrifugal pump.

In fig. 6-8 - photo of an autonomous fire module prepared for transportation and its transportation on a tracked conveyor and on a vehicle under the brand name Autonomous fire module APM "Beast".

In fig. 9-10 - photos of full-scale tests of the functioning of the autonomous fire module APM "Zver" implemented by the applicant.

Implementation of a utility model

The characteristic distinctive features and capabilities of the proposed container-type autonomous fire module are:

the ability of an autonomous fire module to immediately come into operation and provide separate generation and separate supply under pressure of medium expansion air-mechanical foam, low expansion air-mechanical foam, atomized and dispersed water or fast-hardening foam based on foamed silica gel at a distance of up to 50 m with virtually a proven increase in extinguishing speed by two to three times compared to traditional and known means of fighting large-scale fires of flammable liquids (FLL), flammable liquids (FL) and liquefied carbon gases (LCG) and other combustible materials;

possibility of separate generation and separate supply under pressure of air-mechanical foam of medium expansion, air-mechanical foam of low expansion, atomized and dispersed water or fast-hardening foam based on foamed silica gel through one installation with manual and remote control with the possibility of controlled turns in vertical and horizontal planes that allow you to effectively extinguish various types of fires and flammable materials over large areas;

the ability to connect fire extinguishing means to third-party water sources in combination with a large supply of foaming agent, ensuring the ability to eliminate large fires and accidents over large areas within the standard extinguishing time;

the ability to generate and supply under pressure air-mechanical hybrid foam of medium expansion with a multiplicity of 30 + 10, obtained as a result of generation and turbulent mixing in the process of co-movement of contiguous jets of low expansion foam formed in the barrel with a multiplicity of 5 to 15, and at least one a jet of air-mechanical foam of average expansion with a multiplicity from 25 to 70 generated on the mesh cassette, obtained by feeding a foam concentrate solution under the mesh cassette and into the barrel;

the ability to generate and supply under pressure air-mechanical foam of low expansion with a expansion ratio from 5 to 15, obtained by feeding a foam concentrate solution into the barrel or by supplying water into the barrel and feeding the foam concentrate into the barrel through an ejector mixer;

the ability to generate and supply under pressure sprayed water and dispersed water when supplying water in the installation to the grid cassette and into the barrel;

the possibility of generating in the barrel of the installation and supplying under pressure a fast-hardening foam based on foamed silica gel, obtained by mixing in the barrel one component of a quick-hardening foam supplied to the barrel in the form of an aqueous solution of a mixture of sodium silicate and a foaming agent and another component of a quick-hardening foam supplied through an ejector mixer in the form an aqueous solution of acetic acid to obtain in the barrel a quick-hardening foam in the form of a foamed silica gel containing, wt.%, 13-65%, preferably 20-50% silica, 1-15%, preferably 6% foaming surfactant, water - the rest, having a volumetric mass of 0.1-0.8 g/cm ³ , volumetric stability of at least 22 hours with a change in volume of no more than 10%, and in a dehydrated state having a volumetric mass of 0.05-0.1 g/cm ³ and retaining at least 95% of the volumetric shape when heated to a temperature of 1000°C for at least 40 minutes, having a micro- and macroporous structure with a specific surface area of at least 20 m ² /g, a plastic gel structure with a multiplicity of 2 to 20 with hardness viscosity index more than 100 Pa⋅s;

possibility of manual and/or remote control of installation rotations in vertical and horizontal planes.

Features of the design and practical implementation of the autonomous fire module are shown in detail in the figures of the drawings.

The autonomous fire module, developed and implemented by the applicant under the brand name APM "Zver", is intended for emergency rescue operations, chemical protection and camouflage, as well as explosion and fire prevention in areas of radiation, chemical and fire hazards, including at nuclear, chemical enterprises , oil, gas and oil refining industries, as well as at the facilities of the defense complex and the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.

An autonomous fire module can be used to supply (pump out) large amounts of water in areas of natural disasters and catastrophes, as well as to ensure the process of extinguishing protracted fires and carrying out rescue operations.

The autonomous fire module is manufactured and completed on the basis of a 20-foot container for cargo transportation type 1CC in accordance with GOST R53350-2009, inside of which the following are placed:

diesel pumping station with a capacity of 40 l/s to 50 l/s at 10-12 bar (1-1.2 MPa) with a minimum suction height of 1 to 7 m with a pump filling time of no more than 30 seconds, pump drive (motor) - autonomous, fuel type - diesel,

container for water or for component A of a fast-hardening foam based on foamed silica gel - an aqueous solution of a mixture of sodium silicate,

container for component B of quick-hardening foam based on foamed silica gel - an aqueous solution of acetic acid,

container for foaming agent (hydrocarbon synthetic foaming agent type PO-6CT produced in the Russian Federation),

system of pipelines, valves and valves,

system of internal mixing (foaming) of fire extinguishing agents,

electric heating system for cases where the container is stored at low temperatures outdoors,

compartment for storing fire hoses and fire-fighting equipment,

combined fire extinguishing installation according to the applicant’s classification UKTP “Purga”-40 TP with a capacity of 40 l/s, supply range of regular and quick-hardening foam up to 50 m,

backpack device UKTP "Purga"-2 TP for supplying foam, including fast-hardening foam; productivity - 1-3 l/s, supply range - 15-18 m,

compartments for optimal placement of emergency equipment and tools with retractable, rotating and removable elements (shelves, racks) with fixing elements, dust and moisture-proof curtain doors with locks and a drum system for winding fire hoses, hinged doors with fixation in the end parts of the module, reliable fastening system for all types of equipment and tools, local lighting for compartments with automatic activation when doors are opened,

fire-fighting equipment, including fire hoses.

Individual parts and assemblies of the proposed autonomous fire module can be made from structural elements and materials commonly used in fire-fighting technology, using conventional equipment, using conventional technologies known and used in the field of modern fire-extinguishing and fire-explosion prevention technology.

It is known that foam is the most effective and widely used fire extinguishing agent, which is a dispersed system consisting of cells - air (gas) bubbles, separated by films of liquid containing a foaming agent [GOST R 50588-2012. Foaming agents for extinguishing fires. General technical requirements and test methods].

The ratio of the volumes of the gas and liquid phases (per unit volume) of the foam determines the structure and its properties. If the volume of the gas phase _Vg exceeds the liquid volume _Vg by no more than 10-20 times (low expansion foam), the foam cells filled with gas have a spherical shape. In such foams, gas bubbles are surrounded by liquid shells of relatively large thickness. Spherical foams are characterized by a high liquid content and, therefore, low stability. Therefore, they are classified as metastable (conditionally stable).

In unstable foams, the so-called Plateau effect is observed: the liquid phase is removed from the partitions, flowing out under the influence of gravity, and rapid coalescence occurs (from the Latin coalesce - merging, uniting) - the merging of touching gas bubbles. In foam, a gas bubble cannot move freely in either a vertical or horizontal plane. It is as if “sandwiched” by other bubbles adjacent to it.

With an increase in the V _g /V _l ratio, the thickness of the liquid film separating the gas volumes decreases, and the gas cavity loses its spherical shape. Medium expansion foams, in which the V _g / V _l ratio is several tens or even hundreds, have a multifaceted shape. Moreover, the shape of polyhedra can be different - triangular prisms, tetrahedrons, irregularly shaped parallelepipeds. During the aging process of the foam, the spherical shape of the cells becomes multifaceted. Multifaceted foams are characterized by a low liquid phase content and are characterized by high stability. In such foams, individual bubbles are brought together and separated by thin “stretched elastic films.” These films, due to their elasticity and a number of other factors, prevent the coalescence of gas bubbles. As the separating films become thinner, the bubbles come closer together, adjacent to each other and acquire a clear polyhedral shape [Bobkov S.A., Baburin A.V., Komrakov P.V. Physico-chemical foundations of the development and extinguishing of fires: textbook. manual / M.: Academy of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, 2014. - 210 pp.].

The main physical and chemical properties of the foam are:

multiplicity - the ratio of the volume of foam to the volume of the foaming agent solution contained in the foam;

dispersion - the degree of grinding of bubbles (size of bubbles);

viscosity - the ability of foam to spread over a surface;

durability - the ability of foam to resist the process of destruction [ibid.].

Depending on the expansion ratio (K), foams are divided into four groups:

foam emulsions, K < 3;

low expansion foams, 3 < K < 20;

medium expansion foam, 20 < K < 200;

high expansion foam, K > 200 [ Sharovarnikov A.F., Sharovarnikov S.A. Foaming agents and fire extinguishing foams. Composition, properties, application. M.: Pozhnauka, 2005. - 335 p.].

The dispersion of the foam is inversely proportional to the average diameter of the bubbles.

It is known that the higher the dispersion, the higher the foam resistance and fire extinguishing efficiency. The degree of foam dispersion largely depends on the conditions for its production, including the characteristics of the equipment. The expansion ratio and dispersion of the foam determine the insulating ability of the foam and its fluidity. [Bobkov S.A., Baburin A.V., Komrakov P.V. Physico-chemical foundations of the development and extinguishing of fires: textbook. manual / M.: Academy of the State Fire Service of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia, 2014. - 210 pp.].

The fire extinguishing properties of foam include:

insulating effect - preventing the entry of flammable vapors, gases or air into the combustion zone, causing the cessation of combustion;

cooling effect - due to the presence of a significant amount of liquid in predominantly low-expansion foam.

The cooling effect of foam is due to the water released from the foam.

The insulating effect is due to the formation of a foam layer that prevents oxygen from reaching the fire zone, including:

separation effect, which consists in isolating the liquid from the vapor phase;

the displacement effect causing the isolation of the flammable substance from the air;

blocking effect in which foam prevents the evaporation of a flammable liquid.

Low expansion foams (3 < K < 20) due to the significantly larger amount of water in the interbubble partitions (in the Plateau-Gibbs channels), they predominantly exhibit a cooling fire extinguishing effect, which is caused by the cooling effect of the foam itself and the water released from the foam.

Medium expansion foam (20 < K < 200) Due to the insignificant amount of water in the interbubble partitions (in the Plateau-Gibbs channels), they predominantly exhibit an insulating fire extinguishing effect, caused by the creation of an atmosphere depleted in oxygen and saturated with water vapor above the combustion zone, which helps slow down and completely stop the combustion.

At the same time, due to the larger amount of water present in low-expansion foam and, accordingly, the greater density (weight per unit volume), low-expansion foam compared to medium-expansion foams can be supplied from longer distances, which significantly affects the safety of fire personnel during large-scale and explosive accidents with liquefied gases.

A characteristic distinctive feature of the proposed technical solutions is the production and use of combined hybrid water-air foam based on synthetic hydrocarbon foaming agents with a multiplicity of 20 to 40 or 30 ± 10.

The authors in the applicant’s laboratory experimentally established and theoretically substantiated that combined hybrid water-air foam with a multiplicity of 20 to 40, obtained on specially modernized equipment, differs significantly in its structure, viscosity, dispersity, rheological, thixotropic and other properties significant for explosion prevention and fire extinguishing from the known ones properties of low and medium expansion foams based on hydrocarbon and fluorine-containing foaming agents.

It was revealed that as a result of turbulent shockless mixing of low-expansion foam bubbles and medium-expansion foam bubbles in the hybrid foam, average-sized foam bubbles are formed, larger in comparison with low-expansion foam bubbles, but with thicker water-containing Plato channels compared to medium-expansion foams -Gibbs.

As experimentally established by the authors, the structure of a hybrid foam with a multiplicity of 20 to 40 or 30 ± 10 with water-air bubbles unique in its structure and fire-extinguishing properties allows not only to better contain the high temperature of the flame without significant destruction of the volume of the hybrid foam itself, that is, to more effectively insulate the surface fire, but also to deliver jets of hybrid foam over significantly longer distances compared to jets of medium expansion foam or combined jets of low expansion and medium expansion foam.

The authors also experimentally established that when a combined hybrid foam with a multiplicity of 20 to 40 or 30 ± 10 is exposed to the surface of a liquefied natural or hydrocarbon gas spill, a synergistic effect appears due to the simultaneous influence of several factors - cooling, dilution of atmospheric water vapor in the evaporation and combustion zone gas, thermal insulation and a sharp decrease in the concentration of gas and vapor of flammable liquids above the foam layer in the combustion zone, down to a decrease in the rate of the chemical reaction and a subsequent decrease in the flame temperature to the extinction temperature.

This is due to the average dispersion and thickening of the water-containing Gibbs-Plateau channels of the hybrid foam compared to low- and medium-expansion foams or compared to foam in combined low- and medium-expansion foam jets.

Full-scale fire tests of the modernized devices developed by the applicant for producing a combined hybrid foam produced by the applicant, modernized barrels and foam generators used in the proposed autonomous fire module, showed high efficiency in fire and explosion prevention and fire suppression of both flammable and combustible liquids and spills of liquefied natural and hydrocarbon gases.

The applicant carried out full-scale fire tests at the test site, where, using the modernized “Purga” combined fire extinguishing installations developed by the applicant, effective extinguishing of a hydrocarbon fuel layer over an area of 1250 m ² was ensured.

As the test results have shown, the modernized PURGA installations developed by the applicant for extinguishing fires provide a soft and smooth supply of hybrid foam to the surface of the fuel at increased distances without a rough impact on the combustion area. that is, without mixing the top layer of fuel with the foam layer.

The multiplicity of hybrid foam obtained using the modernized PURGA installations developed by the applicant ranged from 20 to 40 or 30 ± 10.

A synthetic hydrocarbon environmentally friendly foaming agent of the PO-6TS type, produced in Russia, was used.

Full-scale fire tests of the modernized Purga installations developed by the applicant showed that the combined hybrid foam has a significantly softer effect on the combustion surface and greater fire extinguishing efficiency compared to foams from equipment that separately supplies low and medium expansion foams or compared to combined low and medium expansion foams multiplicity.

Authoritative specialists from international organizations present at the tests came to the conclusion that the equipment for “hybrid foam” produced by the applicant LLC NPO SOPOT can become an effective option for the use of foam concentrates and foams that do not contain fluorine.

The devices developed by the applicant can also be used for cooling and/or fire protection of buildings, structures, machinery, equipment, flammable and explosive materials and products, as well as fire and explosion prevention at the scene of accidents with fire and explosive materials.

The fire extinguishing devices used, developed by the applicant, ensure the creation of jets of combined water-air foam of hybrid foam with a multiplicity of 20 to 40 or 30 ± 10 with the possibility of automated direction of them to the fire extinguishing and explosion prevention zone and with the ability to remotely control the on/off of foam generators and the rotation of foam generators in the vertical and horizontal plane, which allows them to be effectively used for extinguishing large-scale fires of classes A and B with combined foam, as well as liquefied hydrocarbon and natural gases (LPG and LNG), and they are operational when using all types of domestic and foreign foaming agents with a concentration of 3 to 6% for obtaining foam of low and medium expansion

The combined fire extinguishing devices used, developed by the applicant, have a compact design, are easy to transport and connect to the main pipelines for supplying water or an aqueous solution of a foam concentrate; due to the configuration with standard quick-release connections with pressure pipelines, it is possible to use it in conjunction with other fire hydraulic systems and fire hoses.

These fire extinguishing devices using jets of combined air-mechanical hybrid foam with a multiplicity of 20 to 40 or 30 ± 10 can be quickly moved or transported to the required location, quickly assembled and prepared for use in places inaccessible and/or difficult to reach for conventional fire fighting equipment - at industrial enterprises with a particular explosion and fire hazard of production, for example, at petrochemical industry enterprises or at enterprises handling LPG and LNG, as well as at emergency chemical hazardous facilities where the release of potent toxic substances is possible, at storage and production facilities for explosives, as well as at objects where it is necessary to use highly effective low and medium expansion foams, including combined jets, as a fire extinguishing agent; and can also be effectively used to extinguish various large-scale fires, including fires of liquefied hydrocarbon and natural gases (LPG and LNG)

It is known that the basic principle of ensuring safety in case of accidents with liquefied flammable gas (LPG and LNG) comes down to the rapid, almost instantaneous taking under physical control of the entire free surface of the flowing or spreading flammable liquid of liquefied flammable gas from the moment the process of outflow or spreading begins, with the desirable use of automatic systems for switching on and controlling the process of stopping and eliminating an accident with liquefied flammable gas by accelerating the formation on the surface of a liquefied gas spill of a layer of combined hybrid water-air foam with a multiplicity of 20 to 40, mainly based on a synthetic hydrocarbon foaming agent.

As a technical technique, a technical way of implementing this principle of neutralizing or stopping the dangerous factors of accidents of this kind, the idea was accepted (and corresponding technical methods were proposed) of promptly covering the entire free surface of a spill of flammable liquids and liquefied flammable gas (LPG and LNG) with a combined hybrid water-air foam with an expansion ratio from 20 to 40 or 30 ± 10, mainly based on a synthetic hydrocarbon foaming agent of a certain expansion rate, with certain parameters and properties, using certain technical devices, systems and devices.

The parameters, composition and properties of combined hybrid water-air foam with a multiplicity from 20 to 40 or 30 ± 10, mainly based on a synthetic hydrocarbon foaming agent, as well as modes and methods of its supply, were determined and justified by the authors experimentally, taking into account the thermodynamic and thermophysical features of its interaction during its direct contact with the surface of a liquefied flammable gas (LPG and LNG) spill.

The specificity of the problem being solved is that for all other options for the use of air-mechanical and even chemical foams for the purpose of extinguishing fires of flammable liquids (FLL) and flammable liquids (FL) and/or even protecting them from ignition, a very significant role , and when extinguishing fires of flammable liquids (FL), even the dominant role is played by the process of cooling the surface of a burning liquid from its boiling point, to which its surface warms up in the first 3-5 minutes of the fire, to a lower temperature (for the option of extinguishing a fire of flammable liquids (GZh), generally to a temperature below the flash point.

When extinguishing a fire with flammable liquids (flammable liquids), the temperature of the surface layer of the liquid is reduced to a temperature below its boiling point.

At the same time, in all cases the intensity of evaporation of flammable liquids and gases decreases, the elastic vapor pressure of the burning liquid under the foam layer and their partial pressure decreases. Then the mechanical insulating effect of the foam layer only completes the process of isolating the burning liquid and its vapors from the combustion zone, from the fire flame zone, and the combustion of flammable liquids and gases stops. This is how the process of extinguishing fires of flammable liquids and gases occurs.

The thermophysical picture of the thermal interaction of contacting media when applying air-mechanical foams to the surface of the SG looks significantly different.

The temperature of air-mechanical foam rarely goes beyond +1 to +15°C. This means that the heat difference (thermal pressure) from foam to LPG is about 30-40°C, and for LNG even 150-160°C. Therefore, the process of evaporation of liquefied fuel gas (LPG and LNG), due to the heat flow from the foam, when applied, is not reduced, but, on the contrary, intensified.

Thus, the process of preventing fire (stopping) the process of passage of flammable gas vapors into the above-foam space, into the zone of possible combustion, comes down to the processes of sorption, absorption, and retention of the flow of liquefied combustible gas vapors, which, according to the utility model, can be provided by a foam layer of a certain composition, a certain thickness and a certain structure.

Due to the fact that the process of destruction of liquid foam, even in the absence of a fire above or below it, proceeds continuously, and part of the foaming agent flows down through the foam and falls on the surface layer of liquefied combustible gas (LPG and LNG), the process of intensifying their evaporation, for the swelling of the “warm” foam solution continues continuously, but can be limited by the ice layer of frozen foam located directly on the surface of the liquefied flammable gas spill; the ice layer of frozen combined water-air foam of low and medium expansion and hybrid foam.

It has been experimentally determined and theoretically substantiated that a special role in the situation of a spill of liquefied flammable gas (LPG and LNG) is played by phase transformations at the interface between the foam/LPG and/or foam/LNG phases (foam/liquefied flammable gas) and the surface layer of liquid substances of liquefied fuel gas.

When the liquid phase of the foam comes into contact with the liquid phase of fuel having a temperature of -162°C (with LNG) or -42°C (with LPG), the lower layers of the foam freeze, turning into the solid phase of a certain snow-like structure. Under the layer of frozen snow-like foam, a porous ice substrate begins to form directly on the surface of the liquefied flammable gas spill.

Depending on the dispersion and expansion ratio of the foams used, the physical and chemical nature of the foaming agent solution and the ratio of surface tension forces at the interface, the density, porosity, gas permeability, thermal conductivity and buoyancy of the resulting snow-like layer of frozen foam under the protective layer of liquid foam depend.

Consequently, the heat-insulating and gas-insulating properties of the layered “sandwich” on the surface of a liquefied flammable gas spill depend most significantly on this: vapors of liquefied flammable gas, an ice layer, a layer of frozen gas-saturated foam and a layer of liquid gas-saturated foam or a layer of frozen gas-saturated foam and a layer of liquid gas-saturated foam .

Further parameters of the process of evaporation of the flammable substance of liquefied flammable gas and the penetration of its vapors into the zone of possible controlled combustion above a layer of gas-saturated foam or controlled combustion of gas-saturated foam (the concentration of flammable gas vapors above the foam or the concentration of gas in the foam) depend on the thermophysical properties of the ice layer of frozen foam and the next layer of liquid foam. From their thickness, gas permeability, thermal conductivity, sorption properties of the layer of frozen gas-saturated hybrid foam and the layer of liquid gas-saturated hybrid foam located above.

The authors' research and full-scale fire tests have shown that expensive imported fluorine-containing film-forming foaming agents are the worst known foaming agents for stopping and extinguishing LPG and LNG fires, and the most effective are cheap, environmentally friendly synthetic hydrocarbon foaming agents produced in Russia, for example, synthetic hydrocarbon foaming agents of the PO- type. 6CT.

It has also been established experimentally that as generators of combined hybrid foam for stopping and extinguishing LPG and LNG fires and recycling LPG and LNG spills, it is advisable to use the "PURGA" combined extinguishing installations developed by the authors, manufactured by the applicant, which ensure the formation and supply of combined hybrid foam.

Thus, fire extinguishing devices used in an autonomous container-type fire module with the ability to form and supply jets of combined hybrid air-mechanical foam under pressure provide a significant increase in the fire extinguishing efficiency of various large-scale fires.

The possibilities of eliminating emergency spills, fire and explosion prevention, stopping and extinguishing fires of spills of flammable liquids (FLL) and flammable liquids (FL), as well as liquefied natural gas or liquefied hydrocarbon gas with combined water-air hybrid foam with an expansion ratio of 20 to 40, have been determined experimentally and practically verified in the process full-scale fire tests.

Full-scale tests in the field showed a confident solution to the actual problem and the achievement of the required technical result, namely, the implementation of this utility model makes it possible to increase the efficiency of fire and explosion prevention and extinguishing large-scale emergency transport and industrial accident fires by increasing the range, uniformity and softer distribution of the combined water-air hybrid foam over the fire area, increasing the safety of the process of fire extinguishing and fire and explosion prevention at particularly fire and explosion hazardous facilities and in the elimination of technological and transport accidents by preventing fires, explosions, reducing the intensity of combustion and extinguishing fires in the energy, transport, gas production, gas processing and chemical industries, as well as the possibility extinguishing individual fires using manual and mobile fire extinguishing equipment and fire hoses with low and medium expansion water-air foam and hybrid foam from a remote distance.

Therefore, all general and specific features displayed in the formula of a utility model are essential and are in a cause-and-effect relationship with the technical result obtained from the use of the utility model.

A characteristic feature of the proposed autonomous fire module and universal installation for combined fire extinguishing is the ability to generate, supply under pressure for extinguishing and localizing fires with fast-hardening foam based on foamed silica gel.

The chemical process for producing a silica foam gel and a layer of foamed silica material based on dehydrated foamed silica includes a step of forming a silica sol and a stage of foaming the silica sol to form a foamed silica gel and release water, as well as a stage of dehydrating the foamed silica gel to obtain a solid foamed silica material. .

The formation of a silica sol occurs as a result of mixing and mutual homogenization of a mixture of an aqueous solution of an alkali metal silicate, predominantly sodium silicate, and a foaming surfactant, predominantly a synthetic hydrocarbon foaming agent (component A), and a silica sol formation activator (component B).

The transition of an alkali metal silicate, then preferably sodium silicate, into silica is caused by the chemical reaction of hydrolysis of sodium silicate in an aqueous medium in the presence of a sol formation activator with the formation of silicic acid and subsequent condensation of silicic acid, which promotes the nucleation of the dispersed phase of the silica sol and the release of water.

The influence of the sol formation activator on the polymerization of formed silica monomers and the limitation of this stage of the process from further gelation is determined by the size of the hydrodynamic radius of particles in the range of up to 50 nm, since it is known that an increase in the concentration and size of the dispersed phase leads to the appearance of coagulation contacts between particles and the beginning of structuring.

As the authors' studies have shown, as an activator of ash formation of silica from alkali metal silicate (component B), it is advisable to use acidic solutions with a pH of 0.5 to 5, for example, an aqueous solution - from 20 to 60%, preferably from 30 to 50% aqueous acetic acid solution.

The volume ratio of components A and B ranges from 15:1 to 6:1, preferably 10:1.

Components A and B are mixed and foamed in a barrel with an ejector to form a fast-hardening silica foam with a multiplicity of 2 - 60, with the reactions of silica sol formation and polycondensation of silica sol with the sol-gel transition of silica occurring in the foam medium to produce a foamed silica gel with a set of its hardness when used the above components in the specified ratio for from 1 second to 1.5 minutes and a change in its volume of no more than 10% within 24 hours.

As a result of the natural or forced release of moisture from the foamed silica gel, a solid ceramic foam material based on the foamed silica gel is obtained, which, while maintaining the foam structure, is thermally stable when exposed to temperatures of at least 1000 ° C for up to 60 minutes, which allows the use of the resulting foamed silica gel and foam ceramic material based on foamed silica gel as a fire extinguishing agent for explosion and fire prevention, including for extinguishing and localizing forest fires by creating fire-resistant foam barrier strips, as an insulating material in construction and in other industries, for localizing radiation hazardous areas and emergency spills of hazardous chemicals , for fire and explosion prevention during emergency pouring of molten metals such as copper, aluminum, etc.

As the authors' research has shown, it is advisable to mix components A and B simultaneously with foaming the mixture of components A and B in a barrel with an ejector.

The resulting fast-hardening silica foam has good adhesion to various fire extinguishing objects, including vertical metal surfaces, and high structural and mechanical resistance to the adverse effects of external factors, such as heat flows and wind.

The concentrations and conditions of mutual dispersion of the alkali metal silicate and the silica ash formation activator, as well as the concentration of sodium silicate, the chemical properties of the foaming surfactant have a significant impact on the process of ash formation and foaming during foaming, and therefore the choice of concentrations and specific components of the foaming surfactant substances and silica sol formation activator may vary in specific cases.

As the research conducted by the authors has shown, mixing the components and foaming the mixture to form a foamed silica gel is advisable to carry out in the time range from 1-5 seconds, during which the mechanical strength of the gel is gained with the formation of a subsolid mass of foamed silica with a viscosity of up to 100 Pa⋅s, which, as known, corresponds to the concept of a solid state of matter.

In addition, within this particular time range, foam is usually supplied to the fire source from a distance of up to 10 m or more.

The growth of silica monomer chains as a result of polycondensation of silica sol particles leads to an increase in their average hydrodynamic radius and, consequently, to an increase in coagulation contacts between silica sol nanoparticles.

Due to the high homogenization of the mixture of an alkali metal silicate solution with a surfactant and a solution of a sol formation activator during the process of simultaneous mixing and foaming in an ejector mixer-foam generator at the stage of formation of a silica sol, the achievement of an energy barrier that determines the possibility of chemical interaction of individual monomers of the silica sol through an equilibrium The thickness of the layer of foam walls as a dispersion medium occurs throughout the entire volume of the foamed mixture of components with sufficiently high homogeneity.

This makes it possible to ensure the transition of a mixture of solutions from the state of a silica sol into a silica gel at a sufficiently high speed with the formation of a fast-hardening foamed silica gel.

Further polycondensation of the silica sol particles into a silica gel in the foam results in the release of chemically bound water molecules and densification of the formed inorganic polymer foamed silica, releasing water and dehydration.

External factors, such as exposure to high temperature during a fire, can accelerate the water release and dehydration stage, and the increase in thermal stability of the inorganic silica polymer will be proportional to the number of chemically bound water molecules released, which ultimately increases the fire extinguishing ability of the silica foam.

As a result of a detailed physicochemical process, a foamed silica gel is obtained, which, according to the results of studies conducted by the authors, in a non-dehydrated state, has the following basic properties and characteristics:

contains, wt.%, 13-65%, preferably 20-50% silica, 1-15%, preferably 6% foaming surfactant, water - the rest;

has a volumetric mass of 0.1-0.8 g/cm ³ ;

has volume stability of at least 22 hours with a volume change of no more than 10%.

In a dehydrated state, the foamed silica gel has a bulk density of 0.05-0.1 g/cm ³ and

retains at least 95% of its volumetric shape when heated to a temperature of 1000°C for at least 40 minutes;

has a micro- and macroporous structure with a specific surface area of at least 20 m ² /g;

has a plastic gel structure with a multiplicity from 2 to 20;

has a hardness in terms of viscosity of more than 100 Pa⋅s;

has a white or yellowish-white color.

Foamed silica gel in the preferred embodiment of the utility model is obtained by ejection mixing and foaming of a mixture of an aqueous solution of 10-70%, preferably 20-50%, sodium silicate, and 1-15%, preferably 6%, synthetic hydrocarbon foaming agent, from 1 to 6% , preferably 20 to 50% aqueous solution of acetic acid, with a mass ratio of an aqueous solution of sodium silicate with a foaming surfactant and an aqueous solution of acetic acid from 15:1 to 5:1, preferably 10:1.

Foamed silica gel is obtained on the basis of an aqueous solution of silica sol, formed in the process of hydrolysis of a foamed mixture of sodium silicate solution with a foaming agent with a pH of 10.5 to 12.0 and a sol formation activator with a pH of 1 to 5 when using an acid solution or with a pH of 3 up to 8 when using a salt solution, with a hydrodynamic radius of silica particles of no more than 50 nm during ejection foaming of a silica sol solution during the growth of silica monomers to an average diameter of silica sol of 100 nm with a gain in mechanical strength in terms of dynamic viscosity from 20 mPa⋅s to 100 Pa ⋅s in the time range 1-10 seconds.

Soluble alkali metal silicate of lithium, potassium, sodium, usually called “liquid glass”, is a viscous liquid with the general chemical formula R ₂ O⋅mSiO ₂ ⋅nH ₂ O (where R ₂ O is an alkali metal oxide, m is the modulus of liquid glass ) with a density of 1400-1500 kg/m ³ and a coefficient of dynamic viscosity up to 1 Pa⋅s.

Liquid sodium glass is mixed with water in any ratio and when contained in the fire extinguishing composition in the specified amount (10-70%, mainly from 20 to 70%), it changes the viscosity of the solution from 6 mPa⋅s to 40 mPa⋅s when the density of the solution changes from 1020 kg/m ³ to 1250 kg/m ³ .

In the specified concentration range of liquid glass in an aqueous solution, the viscosity of the solution increases by 4-500 times compared to the viscosity of water (0.001 Pa⋅s, 20°C). Such a change in the viscosity of aqueous solutions used to extinguish fires is practically unattainable when using organic or inorganic thickeners.

In addition, when liquid glass is dissolved in water, the density of the solution increases significantly, which helps to increase the kinetic energy of movement of a stream of fire extinguishing solution or foam compared to the energy of a stream of water directed at the source of combustion at the same speed. The flight range of a jet of fire extinguishing solution or foam also increases.

When preparing the proposed fire extinguishing agent, it is necessary to use liquid glass with a module m=SiO ₂ /R ₂ O=2.5-3.2. This range selection is based on the economic feasibility of using the most common and available liquid glass compositions.

The indicated interval of the silicate module makes it possible to significantly reduce the cost of its production, having a positive economic effect on the created product. However, it is possible to use a different module with a slight deviation from the set one in the range of ±0.5.

This range covers almost all types of liquid glass produced by industry.

The shelf life of liquid glass solution in sealed metal containers is practically unlimited and does not cause metal corrosion.

The selection of the concentration of reagents was based on the conditions that the increase in hardness of the foamed substrate from a silica sol upon transition to the gel state was accompanied by an increase in viscosity to 100 Pa⋅s over a set time interval of 1-10 seconds.

The lower value of the set time interval (1 s) is determined based on the minimum possible time for homogenization of a mixture of solutions with simultaneous foaming.

The upper value of the established time interval (10 seconds) was determined experimentally based on visual observation of the deterioration of the structural and mechanical parameters of foam at fire extinguishing facilities.

With intensive homogenization of a mixture of component B (mainly an aqueous solution of acetic acid) and component A, consisting of an aqueous solution of a surfactant and an alkali metal silicate, a silica sol can be obtained, which is promising for producing foamed silica gel, but the key parameters in In this case, the concentrations of silicate and sol formation activator, the conditions for mixing and foaming of the components, which were determined experimentally by the authors.

The studies took into account such indicators as the stability of the foam material, the structure of the foam material, the expansion ratio of the foam material, fire extinguishing properties and heat resistance of the material.

Stability is characterized by the period of time during which the foams did not change their volume (i.e., a 10% decrease in volume).

The structure of the foam material was assessed visually after hardening and drying (after approximately 3 days at a temperature of (25±5)°C).

The foam expansion ratio was determined by the gravimetric method.

Fire extinguishing. properties - extinguishing time of model fire 1A.

Heat resistance - the preservation of the structure and properties of the material when heated to a certain temperature, above which partial melting of the surface layer begins and its compaction begins.

A distinctive characteristic feature of the proposed installation for explosion and fire prevention and extinguishing is the possibility of obtaining a foamed silica gel, forming a fast-hardening foam of low and medium expansion, obtained by ejection mixing and foaming in the barrel of the liquid components of the fire extinguishing agent: component A - an aqueous solution of a mixture of alkali metal silicate, predominantly sodium silicate , and a foaming surfactant, predominantly a synthetic hydrocarbon foaming agent, and component B - an activator of silica ash formation in the form of an aqueous solution of predominantly acetic acid.

The fire extinguishing agent of the proposed installation is a foamed silica gel, which forms a quick-hardening foam obtained by mixing two liquid components of the fire extinguishing agent - component A and component B and ejection foaming of their mixture with atmospheric air.

Component A is an aqueous solution of a mixture of an alkali metal silicate, preferably sodium silicate, and a foaming surfactant, preferably a synthetic hydrocarbon foaming agent, with a pH of 10.5 to 12.0, at a ratio, wt.%, of 10-70%, preferably 20-50% sodium silicate, 1-15%, preferably 6% foaming surfactant, 30-79% water.

Component B - an aqueous solution of an alkali metal silicate silica ash formation activator is from 20 to 60%, preferably from 30 to 50%, an aqueous solution of predominantly acetic acid with a pH from 0.5 to 5.

The volume ratio of components A and B ranges from 15:1 to 6:1, preferably 10:1.

A mixture of components A and B is foamed by atmospheric air in a barrel with an ejector with the formation of a fast-hardening silica foam (foamed silica gel) with the occurrence of silica sol formation reactions and polycondensation of silica sol in the foam medium, with a sol-gel transition of silica and with the production of a foamed silica gel with a set of it hardness for from 2 seconds to 2 minutes and a change in its volume in the hardened state of no more than 10% within 24 hours.

As a result of the release of excess moisture from the foamed silica gel, a solid foam-ceramic material based on the foamed silica gel is obtained, which, while maintaining the foam structure, has thermal stability when exposed to temperatures of at least 1000 ° C for up to 60 minutes, which allows the use of the resulting foamed silica gel and foam-ceramic material based on foamed silica gel as an effective fire extinguishing agent for extinguishing and explosion and fire prevention, including by creating fire-resistant foam barrier strips.

If necessary, the resulting solid foam (solid foam-ceramic material based on foamed silica gel) can be mechanically destroyed to obtain fine silica powder, which in chemical essence is environmentally friendly fine ordinary sand SiO ₂ .

Thus, fire fighting by means of silica gel foam, which forms a fast-hardening heat-resistant inorganic foam, is carried out through an effective combination of all factors, combining the individual advantages of various types of known fire extinguishers.

The specific technical advantages of the proposed installation for explosion and fire prevention and solid foam extinguishing with silica foam gel are as follows:

1) free, physically and chemically bound water of the silica foam gel lowers the temperature of the fire zone, absorbing latent heat and helping to extinguish the fire;

2) the foamed silica gel forms an excellent heat-resistant and heat-insulating layer, limiting the hot combustion zone, which, despite being cooled by process (1), can radiate heat, spreading it to adjacent water-cooled zones;

3) solid silica foam forms a covering layer in the form of a protective heat-gas-insulating fire-resistant coating that prevents any ignition of the combustible material of a given zone found under this covering layer;

4) solid silica foam with nano-sized silica particles creates a barrier between the combustible material not yet engulfed in fire and the oxygen of the adjacent atmosphere for the oxygen necessary for combustion to occur;

5) nano-sized silica particles, due to the formation of a three-dimensional lattice structure, not only retain water well, but also ensure the adhesion of fine silica particles to the fire extinguishing object, and quick-hardening foam, unlike water and conventional liquid air-mechanical water foam, which flows from vertical, inclined and uneven surfaces ensure the formation of a solid foam heat and gas insulating barrier.

As field tests have shown, the use of the proposed installation for combined fire extinguishing with medium expansion air-mechanical foam, low expansion air-mechanical foam, sprayed water or fast-hardening foam based on foamed silica gel, in comparison with known fire extinguishing agents with medium expansion foam, is most promising in the process of eliminating large-scale fires :

at enterprises of the fuel, chemical, oil refining industries;

at enterprises of the forestry, woodworking and pulp and paper industries, in forests and on agricultural land;

when extinguishing post-accident fires of air transport on the ground, accidents, disasters in non-railway, sea and river transport;

when neutralizing and disposing of potent toxic substances.

The use of the installation makes it possible to implement new modern technologies for producing and supplying medium-expansion hybrid foam or atomized water with increased range and spreading speed over the combustion surface, which allows:

reduce fire extinguishing time compared to traditional means in warehouses of ammunition and highly toxic substances;

significantly reduce the number of firemen directly involved in fire extinguishing;

reduce the risk to human health and life, since fire extinguishing can be carried out at a considerable distance from the burning object;

increase mobility and mechanization of the process of delivering water and foam to the combustion zone.

A detailed description of the design and operating features proves the industrial applicability of the proposed autonomous fire module.

Taking into account the novelty of the set of essential features, the technical solution of the problem, the significance of all general and particular features of the utility model, proven in the section “State of the art” and “Disclosure of the essence of the utility model”, the technical feasibility and industrial applicability of the utility model proven in the section “Implementation of the utility model” , the solution of the stated inventive problem and the confident achievement of the required technical result in the implementation and use of the utility model, in our opinion, the declared utility model satisfies all the requirements for patentability imposed on utility models.

The analysis also shows that all the general and specific features of a utility model are essential, since each of them is necessary, and all together they are not only sufficient to achieve the purpose of the utility model, but also allow the utility model to be implemented industrially.

Claims (27)

1. Autonomous fire module, characterized in that is made on the basis of a shipping container and contains a container-mounted combined fire extinguishing installation with the possibility of separate generation and separate supply under pressure of medium-expansion air-mechanical foam, low-expansion air-mechanical foam, sprayed water, dispersed water and fast-hardening foam based on foamed silica gel, installed inside the container (1), a tank (2) for water or component A of quick-hardening foam, a foam concentrate tank (5), a diesel pump unit (4) connected to a pipeline (3) for supplying water or component A of quick-hardening foam to the diesel pump unit (4), pipeline (6) for supplying an aqueous solution of foam concentrate or component A of quick-hardening foam to the generator of quick-hardening or water-air foam, pipeline (11) for supplying foam concentrate to the water supply pipeline to the diesel pump unit (4), which is connected to the pipe (10 ) connecting water supply hoses from third-party sources to the diesel pump unit, in this case, a container (12) of component B of the quick-hardening foam is installed on the container, connected to a pipeline (13) for supplying component B of the quick-hardening foam into the barrel (9) for forming air-mechanical foam or quick-hardening foam from components A and B, wherein the combined fire extinguishing installation contains a housing, a grid cassette located inside the housing, nozzles (7) located in front of the grid cassette for supplying fire extinguishing agents to the grid cassette, a barrel (9) for forming water-air foam or quick-hardening foam from components A and B with an ejector located inside the barrel a mixer with an ejection suction pipe into the barrel of the fire extinguishing agent component, and the pipelines contain valves for opening/closing the supply of fire extinguishing agents. 2. Autonomous fire module according to claim 2, characterized in that the grid cassette is made of coaxially installed with interference one inside the other inner rim with an annular rim installed and secured in it by means of flat ribs parallel to the direction of movement in the fire extinguishing agent body with a through hole for placing the barrel in it, intermediate rim, outer rim and two meshes located with a gap relative to each other, one of which is fixed by its edges in the gap between the mating side surfaces of the outer and intermediate rims, and the other mesh is fixed by its edges in the gap between the mating side surfaces of the intermediate and inner rims, at the same time, holes are made in the meshes coaxial and commensurate with the through hole of the cage, with the edges of the meshes fixed on the frame by means of ring washers and screws, and the barrel is placed in the through hole of the holder in the grid cassette and is connected to a means for supplying fire extinguishing agents to it. 3. Autonomous fire module according to claim 1, characterized in that the combined fire extinguishing installation is made with the ability to use a solution of foaming agent, water and components of quick-hardening foam based on foamed silica gel as fire extinguishing agents. 4. Autonomous fire module according to claim 3, characterized in that the combined fire extinguishing installation is made with the ability to generate and supply under pressure air-mechanical foam of low expansion with an expansion ratio of 5 to 15, obtained when feeding a foaming agent solution into the barrel, and when supplying into the water barrel, and supply the foam concentrate to the ejector mixer. 5. Autonomous fire module according to claim 3, characterized in that the combined fire extinguishing installation is made with the ability to generate and supply sprayed water and dispersed water under pressure when water is supplied to the grid cassette and to the barrel. 6. Autonomous fire module according to claim 3, characterized in that the combined fire extinguishing installation is made with the ability to generate in the barrel and supply under pressure quick-hardening foam based on foamed silica gel, obtained by mixing in the barrel one component of quick-hardening foam supplied to the barrel in in the form of an aqueous solution of a mixture of sodium silicate and a foaming agent and fed through an ejector mixer of another component of a quick-hardening foam in the form of an aqueous solution of acetic acid to obtain in the barrel a quick-hardening foam in the form of a foamed silica gel containing, wt.%: 13-65%, preferably 20-50 % silica, 1-15%, mainly 6% foaming surfactant, water - the rest, having a volumetric mass of 0.1-0.8 g/cm ³ , volumetric stability of at least 22 hours with a volume change of no more than 10%, and in a dehydrated state, having a volumetric mass of 0.05-0.1 g/cm ³ and retaining at least 95% of the volumetric shape when heated to a temperature of 1000°C for at least 40 minutes, having a micro- and macroporous structure with a specific surface area not less than 20 m ² /g, plastic gel structure with a multiplicity of 2 to 20 with a hardness in terms of viscosity of more than 100 Pa⋅s. 7. Autonomous fire module according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains video surveillance equipment and a manual or remote control system for the operation of the pump and a combined fire extinguishing installation via radio signals and/or the Internet, power supply and lighting system by means of batteries and/or an autonomous electric generator with manual and/or remote control and a ventilation and cooling system with manual and/or remote control, means for connecting and using air-mechanical gas, aerosol and powder fire extinguishing devices. 8. An autonomous fire module according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a 20-foot container for cargo transportation, the internal walls of which are thermally insulated and lined with metal panels. 9. Autonomous fire module according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made with the possibility of placement on an automobile or railway platform together with additional fire extinguishing means in the form of fire modules and robotic devices with the possibility of their joint functioning, control and use during rescue operations and fire fighting, with the possibility of installation on a railway platform, vehicle, ship, ship, drilling platform, tugboat, ferry and other watercraft, tracked transport, on unequipped coast and ice, on the quay wall of a sea base or port, on sea vessels and offshore platforms for production hydrocarbons and offshore coastal facilities and with the possibility of transportation and delivery to the installation site or fire extinguishing and emergency rescue operations by transport carrying containers for cargo transportation.