RU2260763C2 - Optical sight for guidance system of guided missile - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons.

SUBSTANCE: optical sight comprises axially aligned sight and light source that is made of two injection lasers whose emitting zones are perpendicular to the co-ordinates to be measured, system for adjusting the laser beams to single optical axis, and scanner made of rotating prism and objective lens mounted at the optical axis in series. The axis of rotation of the prism is in coincident with the optical axis of the objective lens. The nontransparent shield is mounted on the mandrel of the rotating prism. Two optronic pickups are immovably mounted parallel to the coordinate to be measured. In the plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the light source, the angle between the lines that connect pickups with the axis of rotation of the prism is 90º. The outputs of the first and second optronic pickups are connected, respectively, with the inputs of the first and second delay circuit whose outputs are connected, respectively, to the first and second inputs of the OR circuit and first and second inputs of the permanent memory. The output of the OR circuit is connected with the first inputs of the timer and channel commutator. The output of the timer is connected with the third input of the permanent memory whose second input is connected with the output of the generator and second input of the timer. The output of the code-time converter is connected with the second input of the channel commutator whose outputs are connected, respectively, to the inputs of the first and second lasers. The sight is provided with the windage calculator, pickup system, and multiplexer. First and second recorders whose outputs are connected with the first and second inputs of the multiplexer whose third input is connected with the output of the OR circuit and output is connected with the fourth input of the permanent memory. The inputs of the first and second recorders are connected with the first and second outputs of the windage calculator whose inputs are connected with the pickup system.

EFFECT: enhanced accuracy of sighting.

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Description

The invention relates to optical guidance systems for guided projectiles and can be used in guided weapon systems with tele-orientation in a laser beam.

A known optical sight of a guided projectile guidance system [1], comprising a coaxially mounted sight and a spotlight, including two injection lasers, the emitting regions of which are perpendicular to the axes of the measured coordinates, a system for outputting laser radiation to a single optical axis, an optical scanner mounted in series on this axis in the form of a rotating prism and a pan-optical lens, while the axis of rotation of the prism is combined with the optical axis of the lens, as well as a curtain mounted on a rotating frame prisms, made in the form of an opaque sector with a rotation angle of 180 °, the sides of which pass through the axis of rotation of the prism and are rotated relative to the plane of inclination of the faces of the prism by an angle α in the direction of rotation of the scanner, and the radius of the sector provides overlapping axes of two optocouplers mounted motionless parallel to one of measured coordinates, and in the plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the spotlight, the angle between the lines connecting each of the sensors with the axis of rotation of the prism is 90 °, while the outputs of the primary and the second optical sensors are connected respectively to the inputs of the first and second delay circuits, the outputs of which are connected respectively to the first and second inputs of the exclusive OR circuit, as well as respectively to the first and second input of the ROM, the output of the exclusive OR circuit is connected to the first inputs of the counter time and channel switch, the output of the time counter is connected to the third input of the ROM, the output of which is connected to the input of the code-time converter, the output of which is connected to the second input of the channel switch, while the second inputs are a time meter and a code-time converter are connected to the output of the reference generator, and the first and second outputs of the channel switch are connected respectively to the inputs of the first and second lasers.

A significant drawback of this optical sight is the insufficient accuracy of guided projectile guidance when firing at moving targets and with mobile carriers. In addition, due to the smoke in the smoke control channel from the main engine of the projectile, the likelihood of projectile loss due to the overlap of the control channel also increases.

The objective of the invention is to increase the accuracy of guidance of a guided projectile by changing the trajectory of the projectile, depending on the shooting conditions.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the optical sight of the guided projectile guidance system, which contains a coaxially mounted sight and a searchlight, which includes two injection lasers, the emitting regions of which are perpendicular to the axes of the measured coordinates, a system for outputting laser radiation to a single optical axis, sequentially mounted on this the axis of the optical scanner in the form of a rotating prism and a pan-optical lens, while the axis of rotation of the prism is combined with the optical axis of the lens, as well as an opaque lens an orc mounted on the frame of a rotating prism, two optocoupler sensors mounted motionless parallel to one of the measured coordinates, and in the plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the searchlight, the angle between the lines connecting each of the sensors to the axis of rotation of the prism is 90 °, while the outputs of the first and the second optical sensors are connected respectively to the inputs of the first and second delay circuits, the outputs of which are connected respectively to the first and second inputs of the exclusive OR circuit, as well as to the first and second input m of read-only memory (ROM), the output of the exclusive-OR circuit is connected to the first inputs of a time counter and a channel switcher, the output of a time counter is connected to the third input of a ROM, the output of which is connected to the first input of the code-time converter, the second input of which is connected to the output the reference generator and the second input of the time counter, and the output of the code-time converter is connected to the second input of the channel switch, the outputs of which are connected respectively to the inputs of the first and second lasers; corrections, sensor system, multiplexer, first and second registers, the outputs of which are connected to the first and second inputs of the multiplexer, respectively, the third input of which is connected to the output of the exclusive OR element, and the output is connected to the fourth input of the permanent storage device, and the inputs of the first and second registers are connected to the first and second outputs of the corrector, the inputs of which are connected to the sensor system.

Figure 1 shows the structural diagram of the optical sight of the guidance system.

Figure 2 shows the dependence of the values of the generated teams depending on the time and direction of scanning (duration of pairs of pulses at the output of the code-time converter).

Figure 3 shows the pulses at the output of the code-time converter (laser switching pulses).

The optical sight of the guidance system contains a sight 1, a searchlight 2, which includes two injection lasers 3 and 4, a system for outputting laser radiation onto a single optical axis 5, an optical scanner 6, a prism 7, a panoramic lens 8, an opaque curtain 9, two optocouplers 10 and 11, the first and second delay circuits 12 and 13, the exclusive OR circuit 14, read-only memory (ROM) 15, a time counter 16, a channel switch 17, a code-time converter 18, a reference oscillator 19, a multiplexer 20, the first 21 and second 22 registers, calculator of amendments 23 and a sensor system 24, consisting, for example, of an airspeed sensor 25 and an angular velocity sensor of a line of sight 26, and the like. Digital circuits (ROMs, counters, switches, and logic elements) can be performed, for example, on the basis of a single-chip microcomputer of the AT89C52 type or on hard logic, for example, based on FPGAs.

The scope works as follows.

From the sensors 25 and 26, the corrections calculator 23 receives signals about the airspeed, including taking into account the movement of the carrier, and the rotation speed of the target line of sight (taking into account the speed of the carrier and the target). The amendment calculator 23, based on the received information, determines the offset values of the control information field relative to the line of sight along the pitch and heading channels, which minimize dynamic guidance errors in these shooting conditions. Codes corresponding to the required offset of the center of the information channel relative to the line of sight are written from the first and second outputs of the corrector to the first 21 and second 22 registers: in the first register 21 for the first guidance channel, pitch, and in the second for the course. The signals from the outputs of the first 21 and second 22 registers are respectively supplied to the first and second inputs of the multiplexer 20, the output signal of which is fed to the fourth input of the read-only memory 15, and the ROM page number is determined. In this case, the rotating prism 7 performs nutational scanning with flat beams of lasers 3 and 4 along the generated field, the radius of which at the distance of the controlled object is kept constant by changing the focal length of the pan objective 8. In this case, during the rotation of the prism, the shutter 9 sequentially interrupts the optocouplers 10 and 11, the combination of signals at the outputs of which determines the direction of scanning of each plane beam along the generated field. These signals are received after passing the delay circuits 12 and 13, respectively, to the first and second inputs of the ROM 15 (these inputs determine the direction of the scan and the scan channel) and the exclusive-OR circuit 14, at the output of which a signal is formed that determines the operation of the channel course (the first laser is on 4 - signal log. 1) or pitch channel (the second laser is on 3 - signal log. 0). From the moment of each state change of the signal at the output of the exclusive OR circuit 14, the time counter 16 synchronously with the frequency of the reference oscillator 19 generates at its output a code proportional to the current time relative to the change of signal at the output of the exclusive OR circuit 14. Depending on the state of the address ROM inputs 15 (the current scan time is the third input, the channel and scan direction are the first and second inputs, the control center offset relative to the line of sight is the fourth input) generates a code at its output, in accordance with ring time-code converter 18 generates a pair of pulses, wherein, the time interval between pulses in a pair corresponds to the current channel scanning, and the frequency of repetition of parcels varies linearly with time. In this case, the dependences of the repetition period of the packages (determines the size and direction of the control command) on the scan time are shown in Fig.2. Where figa - when the center of guidance coincides with the line of sight, figb - when the center of the guidance relative to the line of sight at + K, figv - on - K, fig.2g - at + 0.5K, where K is the maximum the magnitude of the control command.

When changing the information at the output of one of the optocoupler sensors 10 or 11, the signals from their outputs, passing through the delay lines 12 and 13, go to the first and second inputs of the ROM 15 and determine the scanning direction of the strip, for example, the signals 00 are generated at the output of the optocouplers, respectively, which corresponds to the pitch channel and the scanning direction of the strip from the bottom up, in addition, the signals from the output of the delay lines 12 and 13 go to the inputs of the exclusive OR 14 and its output generates a signal log.1, because at its inputs, signals 00 (change of control channel). The front of this signal, arriving at the first input of the time counter 16, resets it, which corresponds to zero time in figure 3. The signal log.1 from the exclusive OR output goes to the third input of the multiplexer 20 and allows the signal to pass from the output of the first register (pitch) to its output and then to the fourth ROM input, for example, in the first register there is a code corresponding to the field offset guidance relative to the line of sight by a value of + K (fig.2b, solid line), while the ROM 15 at its output generates a code whose value is proportional to the maximum command received by the guided projectile, which is fed to the first input of the transducer to od-time 18, where this code is converted into paired pulses, and the distance between pulses in a pair is determined by the control channel (the first or second laser is turned on), in our case, when combining the first and second inputs of ROM 00, the first pitch channel, and the repetition period steam - corresponds to the value of the command transmitted to the guided projectile - figure 3. These pulses are fed to the second input of the channel 17 commutator and, under the action of the signal log.1 from the exclusive-OR output 14, these pulses are fed to the first laser 3, where they are converted into a light signal, which, passing through the system for outputting laser radiation to a single optical axis 5, a prism 7 and a panoramic lens 8, is fed to the output of the sight and then fed to a guided projectile. With a change in scan time to tl.v. (the position of the scanning strip in space coincides with the line of sight) ROM 15 continues to give the value of the maximum command - figb solid line and the input of the first laser 3 continues to receive paired pulses corresponding to the maximum control command, which are transmitted to the guided projectile. With a change in scan time from tl.v. to tc (completion of scanning at the current coordinate), the ROM 15 at its output generates codes linearly changing in time, as shown in FIG. 2b, and the repetition period of the paired pulses arriving at the first laser 3 also varies linearly. Thus, when passing (scanning) the strip through a point corresponding to the line of sight, the time tl.v. on figa, the value of the command transmitted to the guided projectile is 1.0 value of the maximum command, i.e. an increased command upwards acts on the projectile.

At time tc, the information at the output of the first optocoupler sensor 10 changes and the signal log. 1 passes through the delay line 12 from its output and goes to the first input of the ROM 15. Thus, the signals 10 are present at the first and second inputs of the ROM 15, respectively , which corresponds to the channel of the course and the scanning direction from left to right, in addition, the signals from the output of the delay lines 12 and 13 are fed to the inputs of the exclusive OR 14 and a signal of 0 is generated at its output, because at its inputs, signals 10 (change of control channel). The decline of this signal, arriving at the first input of the time counter 16, resets it, which corresponds to zero time in figure 2. The signal log.0 from the exclusive OR output goes to the third input of the multiplexer 20 and allows the signal to pass from the output of the second register 22 (course) to its output and then to the fourth ROM input, for example, in the second register there is a code corresponding to the offset guidance field relative to the line of sight by a value of –0.5K (Fig. 2d), and ROM 15 at its output generates a code whose value is proportional to + 0.5K (i.e., 0.5 of the maximum command received by a guided projectile) that goes to the first input of the converter code-time 18, where this code is converted to paired pulses, and the distance between pulses in a pair is determined by the control channel (the second laser is turned on), in our case, when the combination on the first and second inputs of ROM 10 is the second channel of the course, and the repetition period of the pairs corresponds the value of the command transmitted to the guided projectile - figure 3. These pulses are fed to the second input of the channel 17 switch and, under the action of the log.0 signal from the exclusive OR output 14, these pulses are fed to the second laser 4, where they are converted into a light signal, which, passing through the laser radiation output system to a single optical axis 5, a prism 7 and a panoramic lens 8, is fed to the output of the sight and then fed to a guided projectile. With the scan time changing to t1, the ROM 15 generates codes at its output linearly varying in time, as shown in FIG. 2d, and the repetition period of the paired pulses arriving at the second laser 3 also changes linearly. With a change in the scan time from t1 to tc, the ROM 15 generates codes at its output equal to the minimum command value, as shown in FIG. 2d, and the repetition period of the pair pulses arriving at the second laser 3 also remains minimal.

Thus, when passing (scanning) the strip through a point corresponding to the line of sight, the time tl.v. 2g, the value of the command transmitted to the guided projectile is -0.5K, i.e. an increased command to the left acts on the projectile.

At time tc, the information at the output of the second sensor 11 changes and the signal log. 1, passing through the second delay line 13, is fed to the second inputs of the ROM 15, i.e. signals 11 are formed at the sensors output correspondingly, which corresponds to the pitch channel and the strip scanning direction from top to bottom, in addition, signals from the output of the delay lines 12 and 13 are fed to the exclusive-OR inputs 14 and a signal log.1 is generated at its output. to. on its inputs signals 11. (change of control channel). The front of this signal, arriving at the first input of the time counter 16, resets it, which corresponds to zero time in figure 2. The signal log.1 from the exclusive OR output goes to the third input of the multiplexer 20 and allows the signal to pass from the output of the first register (pitch) to its output and then to the fourth ROM input, while in the first register there is a code corresponding to the offset of the guidance field relative to line of sight at a zero value (figb, dashed line), while the ROM 15 at its output generates a code whose value is proportional to the zero control command received by the guided projectile, which is transmitted to the first input For code-time 18, where this code is converted to paired pulses, the distance between pulses in a pair being determined by the control channel (the first or second laser is turned on), in our case, when combining the first and second inputs of ROM 11, the first pitch channel, and the period repetition of pairs - corresponds to the value of the command transmitted to the guided projectile - figure 3. These pulses are fed to the second input of the channel 17 switch and, under the action of the signal log.1 from the exclusive OR output 14, these pulses are fed to the first laser 3, where they are converted into a light signal, which, after passing through the laser radiation output system to a single optical axis 5 , a prism 7 and a panoramic lens 8, enters the output of the sight and then enters the guided projectile. With a change in scan time to tl.v. The ROM 15 at its output generates codes linearly changing in time, as shown in Fig. 2a, and the repetition period of the paired pulses arriving at the first laser 3 also varies linearly. With a change in scan time from tl.v. until tc, the ROM 15 continues to provide the maximum command value (Fig.2b solid line) and the input of the first laser 3 continues to receive paired pulses corresponding to the maximum control command, which are transmitted to the guided projectile. Thus, when passing (scanning) the strip through a point corresponding to the line of sight, the time tl.v. on figb, the magnitude of the command transmitted to the guided projectile is 1.0 magnitude of the maximum command, i.e. an increased command upwards acts on the projectile.

Etc.

The information in the first 21 and second 22 registers can be updated depending on weather conditions, speed and direction of movement of the target, speed and direction of movement of the medium, for example, using a ballistic computer of the medium.

Thus, the optical sight of the guided projectile guidance system generates projectile control commands that compensate for the dynamic errors of the projectile, determined by the current firing conditions according to information from the corrections calculator (sensor system). Those. Thus, the projectile trajectory is adjusted depending on the external shooting conditions, which significantly increases the accuracy of projectile guidance on the target.

Sources of information:

1. RF patent №2150073 MPK7 F 41 G 7/26

Claims (1)

The optical sight of the guided projectile guidance system, comprising a coaxially mounted target and a searchlight, including two injection lasers, the emitting regions of which are perpendicular to the axes of the measured coordinates, a laser radiation output system on a single optical axis, and an optical scanner in the form of a rotating prism mounted in series on this axis and pankratichesky lens, while the axis of rotation of the prism is combined with the optical axis of the lens, as well as an opaque curtain mounted on a frame rotating I prism, two optocoupler sensors mounted motionless parallel to one of the measured coordinates, and in the plane perpendicular to the optical axis of the searchlight, the angle between the lines connecting each of the sensors with the axis of rotation of the prism is 90 °, while the outputs of the first and second optocouplers are connected respectively, to the inputs of the first and second delay circuits, the outputs of which are connected respectively to the first and second inputs of the exclusive OR circuit, as well as to the first and second inputs of the permanent storage device (ROM), the output of the exclusive-OR circuit is connected to the first inputs of the time counter and channel switch, the output of the time counter is connected to the third input of the ROM, the output of which is connected to the first input of the code-time converter, the second input of which is connected to the output of the reference generator and the second the input of the time counter, and the output of the code-time converter is connected to the second input of the channel switch, the outputs of which are connected respectively to the inputs of the first and second lasers, characterized in that the corrector is entered into it, s sensor system, multiplexer, first and second registers, the outputs of which are connected to the first and second inputs of the multiplexer, respectively, the third input of which is connected to the output of the exclusive OR element, and the output is connected to the fourth input of the permanent storage device, and the inputs of the first and second registers are connected to the first and second outputs of the corrector, the inputs of which are connected to the sensor system.

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