RU212811U1 - STAIRS - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the structures of composite stairs, which are mainly used in the electric power industry for installation work at height. The objective of the utility model is to simplify the manufacture of stairs and increase the versatility of its application, as well as increase the reliability of the connection of the ladder sections in it and the stability of its position. Ladder (figure 17) is made of ladder sections (21-25), containing two bowstrings fastened through the steps, each of which is covered by two brackets (3), forming cavities with it. Moreover, the top of the stair sections is narrower than their bottom, and the bowstrings with steps are made of electrically insulating material. Relative to the adjacent ladder sections of the ladder, the upper end of the bowstring of the lower ladder section is supported against the lowest step of the upper ladder section. Ladder sections are made with the possibility of stacking with each other with a coupler by their belt clips (18), which are also used for additional fixation of the lowest step of the upper section with the uppermost step of the lower section. Various cases of stairs and their staircase sections are also given.

Description

The utility model relates to the structures of composite stairs, which are mainly used in the electric power industry for installation work at height.

Known ladder [1, Patent BY 12040 U, IPC E06S 1/24; H02G 1/02, national priority 08/16/2018, published 06/30/2019], consisting of ladder sections, each of which contains two bowstrings made in the form of truncated cones and fastened together through the steps. In this case, the lower parts of each bowstring of the upstream section are made with cone-shaped cavities and the upstream section is fastened to the lower section by wrapping the ends of their bowstrings with brackets and fixing them due to threaded connections, the screws of which pass through the brackets and each bowstring of the sections mentioned below. At the same time, the cone-shaped cavities of the lower parts of each bowstring of the upstream section cover the upper parts of the opposite bowstring of the downstream section in a tight fit.

The disadvantage of such a ladder is the complexity of its design and manufacturing technology in view of the need to perform in its ladder sections of each bowstring in the form of truncated cones, and perform in the lower parts of the cone-shaped cavities.

In addition, due to the fact that the cone-shaped cavities of the lower parts of each bowstring of the upstream section cover the upper parts of the opposite bowstring of the downstream section in a tight fit, then after using an analogue ladder [1], when it is under load from the weight of the installer, separate the ladder sections difficult. To do this, you have to use either a hammer, which negatively affects the quality of the ladder material, or jacks with complex manipulations.

These shortcomings are eliminated in the ladder prototype [2, Patent BY 12375 U, IPC E06S 1/24; H02G 1/02, national priority 03/06/2020, publication 08/30/2020], made of ladder sections, each of which contains two strings parallel to each other, fastened through the steps. Moreover, the bowstrings from one of their ends are covered by two brackets turned inside the stair section and forming through cavities with the bowstrings.

However, such a ladder section has relatively large dimensions at the top, which complicates the area of its direct application in hard-to-reach places.

In addition, the use of staples only at one end of the bowstrings of the ladder section reduces the versatility of its use in the formation of long-base ladders from it and from sections of the same shape and composition.

Moreover, the remaining sections must be smaller in width, otherwise it will be impossible to form a composite ladder from ladder sections of the same dimensions. At the same time, in such a ladder, its upper stair section is already the lower stair section, the brackets of which are covered by the bowstrings of the upstream section, the bowstrings of which are covered by the said brackets with their lower ends resting against the uppermost step of the lower section.

In addition, the stair sections of such stairs are not unified among themselves. Each of them differs from the others in size, at least in width. This complicates the overall manufacture of the ladder, as well as its assembly and storage. In addition, the assembly is limited in the number of sections, since each of its upper sections is narrower than the previous lower section, which limits the size of the product as a whole in height and reduces the versatility of its application.

Another disadvantage of the prototype [2] is that the connection of the ladder sections in the ladder is not reliable enough, which adversely affects the stability of its position, especially with its increased length and heavy loads.

Therefore, the task for the utility model is to simplify the manufacture of stairs and increase the versatility of its application by achieving a technical result - increasing the unification of the sections of such a ladder, as well as increasing the reliability of the connection of the ladder sections in it and the stability of its position.

The problem is solved by the fact that (Fig. 1-20), in a ladder made of ladder sections containing two bowstrings fastened through the steps, each of which is covered by two brackets that form cavities with it, there are distinctive features: the top of the ladder sections is already their bottom.

Since the top of the stair sections is already their bottom, a reduction in dimensions is achieved, both for the stair sections and the stairs as a whole, which increases the efficiency and versatility of its use in hard-to-reach places in comparison with the prototype [2].

In addition, the mentioned sections will be either completely or maximally unified among themselves, in contrast to the use in the prototype [2] of little unified stair sections, which will allow you to create multi-section stairs of great height.

Additional distinctive features of the utility model aimed at enhancing the effects mentioned above:

bowstrings and steps of stair sections are made of electrically insulating material;

in the stair sections, the steps are fixed at an angle to the bowstrings in the range of (75±3)°;

relative to its adjacent ladder sections, the upper end of the bowstring of the lower ladder section is abutted against the lowest step of the upper ladder section;

with respect to adjacent ladder sections, each bowstring of a higher ladder section is covered by a bracket of a lower ladder section, each bowstring of which is covered by a bracket of a higher ladder section;

with respect to adjacent ladder sections, each bowstring of the upper ladder section is covered by two brackets of the lower ladder section;

with respect to adjacent ladder sections, each bowstring of the lower ladder section is covered by two brackets of the upper ladder section;

relative to neighboring ladder sections, the lowest step of the upper section and the uppermost step of the lower section are tightened with belt clips;

at the same time, the ladder sections are made with the possibility of stacking with each other with a tie and their belt clips.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by illustrations, which depict

in fig. 1 shows a general view of the ladder section used together with the same unified ones in the ladder;

in fig. 2 is a section d-d according to FIG. one;

in fig. 3 is a layout diagram of the ladder section of FIG. 1 obliquely to the wall;

in fig. 4 shows a photo of an example of the stair section according to FIG. one;

in fig. 5 - local view A in Fig. four;

in fig. 6 shows part of the photo of FIG. 4 ladder sections with the addition of its eyes;

in fig. 7 shows part of the photo of FIG. 4 ladder sections with the addition of a safety chain connected to the lugs;

in fig. 8 shows a photo of another case of making a ladder section with two pairs of brackets from its bottom, turned outward from it;

in fig. 9 shows a photo of another case of a ladder section with two pairs of brackets from its top, turned inside it;

in fig. 10 shows the ladder sections of FIG. 4, 6, 7;

in fig. 11 - unfolded from the package according to FIG. 8 stair sections to form stairs;

in fig. 12 - formed two-link ladder from the unfolded package according to FIG. ten;

in fig. 13 is a section i-i of FIG. 12;

in fig. 14 - formed two-link ladder from the unfolded package according to Fig.10;

in fig. 15 shows a package of two ladder sections removed from the upper trunk of a car according to FIG. four;

in fig. 16 - formed two-link ladder from the unfolded package according to FIG. fifteen;

in fig. 17 shows a formed three-link ladder based on the ladder sections of FIG. four;

in fig. 18 - a fragment of the ladder, in which its adjacent ladder sections are fastened through the brackets of the upper ladder section;

in fig. 19 - a fragment of a ladder, in which its adjacent ladder sections are fastened through the brackets of the lower ladder section;

in fig. 20 shows a fragment of the beginning of the ascent to the stair section according to FIG. 4 or on top of it when it is at the bottom, for example in the compound ladder of FIG. 12, 14, 16, 17.

The ladder (Fig. 12, 14 and 16, 17) is made of ladder sections containing (Fig. 1, 4, 6-9) two bowstrings 1 parallel to each other, fastened through steps 2 so that the top of the ladder section is narrower than its bottom 1.05 ... 1.15 times.

With the recommended bowstring length of 1750…1800 mm, it is advisable to choose the width of the top of the ladder section in the range (390…440) mm, and the width of its bottom in the range (500…580) mm.

Each bowstring 1 is covered by two brackets 3, for example, metal.

If the bowstrings 1 are made of a rectangular assortment, then the brackets 3 can be made U-shaped (Fig. 2) with their ends fixed on the bowstrings 1, for example, with the help of screws 4, washers 5 and nuts 6 with a nylon insert (not shown) , and with the formation of cavities 7.

If the bowstrings 1 are made of pipes (not shown), then the brackets 3 can also be made U-shaped, but with a rounded shelf between the two free ends of the brackets 3 along the diameter of the bowstring 1 pipe and with a similar fastening.

In this case, the cavity 7, formed by the coverage of the bracket 3 of the bowstring 1, can be made through (Fig. 2) or closed (not shown) on one side by the element of the bracket 3.

The location of the brackets 3 may be different.

For example, they can be located at the bottom and at the top (Fig. 1, 3-7) and turned, respectively, inside the stair section and out of it, with the location between the extreme step 2 and the end of the bowstring 1, respectively, from a more and less wide side sections.

Another case of the location of the brackets 3 (Fig. 8) is that relative to the ladder section, and on its wider side, in each bowstring 1, both brackets 3 are turned inward with the location between the extreme step 2 and the end of the bowstring 1.

Another case of the location of the brackets 3 (Fig. 9) is that relative to the ladder section, and on its narrower side, in each bowstring (1) both of its brackets (3) are turned outward with the location between the extreme step (2) and the end strings (1).

Bowstrings 1 and steps 2 can be made of any durable material. For carrying out installation and repair and maintenance work at facilities with electrical installations - from an electrically insulating material, for example, from fiberglass. Then the bowstrings (1) will be fastened to the steps 2 by means of chopsticks 8 (Fig. 1), for example, made of fiberglass.

At the ends of the bowstrings 1 can be installed thrust bearings 9 (figure 1, 4), for example, rubber, which are pressed into the ends of the bowstrings 7 with fixation by the same chopsticks 8.

Some steps 2 are also located (Fig. 1, 4) on supporting brackets 10, fixed with their free ends with rivets 11 on bowstrings 1 and steps 2.

Steps 2 are equipped with pads 12 (Fig. 1, 4, 5), for example rubber.

To improve the safety of work on the ladder section of its stage 2, it is advisable to fix it at an angle α (Fig. 3) to the strings 1 in the range (70 ... 65) °, so that the ladder section, being placed on the support base 13, is 90 ° with the wall 14, would be leaning against it at an angle of 75°. In addition, it is also expedient to provide the linings 12 (FIG. 5) with anti-slip elements 15 (FIG. 5), for example, corrugated strips.

Also, to improve the safety of the bowstring 1 can be equipped (Fig. 6, 7) with lugs 16, receiving modernized ladder sections, in the last of which (Fig. 7), its lugs 16 are connected to the chain 17.

A certain number of ladder sections can be assembled compactly into packages.

For example, the ladder section (Fig. 4) together with the upgraded sections (Fig. 6) and (Fig. 7) can be compactly assembled into a package for storage and transportation (Fig. 10), using, for example, belt clips 18 and can be removed from it and laid out side by side on the support base 13 (Fig. 11) for the subsequent formation of either a two-link (Fig. 12) or a three-link (Fig. 14) ladder.

At the same time, in both cases, the bowstrings (1) of the upper stair section (in Fig. 14 or in Fig. 12; located with coverage in the cavities 7 (Fig. 13) of the brackets 3 of the lower stair section of the bowstring, which are located with coverage in the cavities 7 (Fig. 13) brackets 3 of the upstream ladder section (in Fig. 14 or in Fig. 12; with their upper ends 4 resting on the lowest step 2 of the upstream ladder section.

There may also be a case of forming a package (Fig. 15) from the same two or more ladder sections (Fig. 4), using, for example, belt clips 18, which can be transported by car 19 on its upper trunk 20, for the subsequent formation of a two-link ( Fig. 16) or three-link (Fig. 17) stairs, steps 2 of which, as well as steps 2 described earlier, two-link (Fig. 12) or three-link (Fig. 14) stairs, can be comfortably and safely climbed (Fig. 16) due to both the presence of anti-slip elements 15 in the overlays 12 of the steps 2, and due to the rationally selected angle α (Fig. 3) of the location of the steps 2 to the bowstrings 1.

In this case, the belt clips 18 (Fig. 10, 15), with which the packages are formed, can also be used for additional insurance, by tightening them (Fig. 16, 17) of the lowest stage 2 of the upstream section and the topmost stage 2 of the lower section .

Also possible are other cases of the formation of stairs (Fig. 18, 19) on the basis of other cases of execution of its ladder sections (Fig. 8, 9).

For a better understanding of the mentioned cases of formation in FIG. 1, 3, 4, 6-19 the stair sections are numbered 21-25, and the packages made up of them are numbered 26 in FIG. 10 and 27 in FIG. fifteen.

A ladder section is used and stairs are formed from several such products as follows.

In any case, the execution of the ladder section 21 (Fig. 4), or 22 (Fig. 6), or 23 (Fig. 7), or 24 (Fig. 8), or 25 (Fig. 9), for access to serviced objects of small height, it is installed on the support base 13 (Fig. 3), leaning against the wall 14, and climbing is carried out along its steps 2 (Fig. 16).

To access serviced objects of great height, for example, from packages 26 (Fig. 10) or 27 (Fig. 15) the required number of stair sections is taken out, respectively, 21 ... 23 (Fig. 14), or 23 (Fig. 12) with coverage in the cavities 7 (Fig. 13) brackets 3 of the underlying ladder section 21 or 23 (Fig. 14), or 22 (Fig. 12,). And the bowstrings 1 are placed with coverage in the cavities 7 (Fig. 13) of the brackets 3 of the upstream stair section 22 or 23 (Fig. 14), or 23 (Fig. 12) with their upper ends 4 resting against the lowest step 2 of the upstream stair section 22 or 23 (Fig. 14), or 23 (Fig. 12)

Thus, a staircase is formed. Similarly (Fig. 18, 19) and with the use of ladder sections 24 (Fig. 8) and 23 (Fig. 9).

If necessary, for additional insurance, for example in the stairs according to Fig. 16, 17, the lowermost stage 2 of the upper section 21 and the uppermost stage 2 of the lower section 21 are pulled together with belt clamps 18.

In any case, the execution of the stairs (Fig. 12, 14, 16-19), for access to serviced objects, it is installed on the support base 13, leaning against the wall 14, and climbing is carried out along its steps 2 (Fig. 20).

Further, climbing the steps 2 of the assembled ladder to the desired height, the necessary work is carried out at the serviced object. In this case, under the weight of the fitter, the upper ends of the bowstrings 1 of the said lower stair sections will be securely pressed against the upper step 2 of the other stair sections located above them. This will ensure a rigid fixation at the junctions of these sections and, if necessary, strengthen it with the help of belt clips 18 (Fig. 16, 17).

After completing the installation work, the ladder is disassembled in the reverse order of its assembly process described above.

This design of the ladder increases safety during the work of installers, especially at facilities containing electrical installations, and with the use of either completely unified ladder sections 21 (Fig. 16, 17), 24 (Fig. 18), 25 (Fig. 19), or with using the most unified ladder sections 21, 23 (Fig. 12), or 27 - 23 (Fig. 14), or in an assembled different combination 27 - 25 (not shown).

This will simplify both the production and the formation of ladders of various heights, which will increase the efficiency and versatility of their use, including in hard-to-reach places.

Sources of information:

1. Patent BY 12040 U, IPC E06C 1/24; H02G 1/02, national priority 08/16/2018, published 06/30/2019.

2. Patent BY 12375 U, IPC E06C 1/24; H02G 1/02, national priority 03/06/2020, published 08/30/2020 /prototype/.

Claims (9)

1. A ladder made of ladder sections (21-25) containing two bowstrings (1) fastened through steps (2), each of which is covered by two brackets (3) forming cavities (7) with it, characterized in that the top of the stair sections (31-25) is narrower than their bottom. 2. Ladder according to claim 1, characterized in that the bowstrings (1) and steps (2) of the stair sections (21-25) are made of electrically insulating material. 3. Ladder according to claim. 1, characterized in that in the stair sections (21-25) the steps (2) are fixed at an angle (α) to the bowstrings (1) in the range (75±3)°. 4. Ladder according to claim 1, characterized in that relative to its adjacent ladder sections (21-25), the upper end of the bowstring (1) of the lower ladder section is supported against the lowest step (2) of the upper ladder section. 5. Ladder according to claim. 1, characterized in that, with respect to adjacent ladder sections (21-23), each bowstring (1) of the upper ladder section is covered by the bracket (3) of the lower ladder section, each bowstring (1) of which is covered by the bracket (3) of the upper staircase section. 6. Ladder according to claim. 1, characterized in that, relative to adjacent ladder sections (24), each bowstring (1) of the upper ladder section is covered by two brackets (3) of the lower ladder section. 7. Ladder according to claim. 1, characterized in that, relative to adjacent ladder sections (25), each bowstring (1) of the lower ladder section is covered by two brackets (3) of the upper ladder section. 8. Ladder according to claim. 1, characterized in that, relative to adjacent ladder sections, the lowest step (2) of the upper section and the uppermost step (3) of the lower section are pulled together by belt clips (18). 9. Ladder according to claim. 8, characterized in that the ladder sections (21-25) are made with the possibility of stacking with each other with a coupler by their belt clips (18).

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