RU2118128C1 - Pulsed device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; medicine. SUBSTANCE: light flux pulses pass from pulse laser provided with light flux splitter to focusing systems over light guides. From focusing systems light flux is delivered to chamber filled with liquid. This chamber is made as reflector. It may be closed, open or may be provided with outlet hole closed with removable membrane. Chamber has optical axis, focus coincident with that of focusing systems axes of which are positioned in different planes passing through chamber axis. Chamber also has branch pipes with shut-off cocks. EFFECT: high-quality formation of impact wave front. 5 cl, 5 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to a pulse technique, specifically to hydro-pulse devices, and is intended for use in various technological processes in mechanical engineering, especially in medicine, for the destruction of kidney stones.

 Known electrohydropulse device containing a liquid-filled discharge chamber and discharge electrodes [1].

 The closest in technical essence is the known hydro-pulse device containing a liquid-filled chamber for initiating shock waves, having an optical axis and a focus, a light source in the form of at least one pulsed laser connected in series through a light guide to a focusing system, the focus of which is aligned with the focus of the reflector [2].

 A disadvantage of the known device is its lack of efficiency.

 The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency of the device due to the qualitative formation of the front of shock waves.

 For this, a pulsed device containing a liquid-filled chamber made in the form of a reflector, having an optical axis and a focus, a light source in the form of at least one pulsed laser connected in series through a fiber with a focusing system whose focus is aligned with the focus of the reflector, the laser is equipped with a divider luminous flux, the outputs of which are connected through the optical fibers with focusing systems.

 Another difference is that the axis of the focusing systems are located in different planes passing through the axis of the chamber, which is closed, and the outlet of the chamber is closed by a membrane, while the chamber is equipped with nozzles with shut-off valves.

 In FIG. 1 shows a pulse device; in FIG. 2 - camera (longitudinal section); in FIG. 3 - 2nd version of the camera; in FIG. 4 - 3rd version of the camera; in FIG. 5 is a section AA in FIG. 2.

 The pulse device consists of a chamber 1 for initiating shock waves, equipped with a focusing system (lens) 2, which is adjacent to a gradient optical fiber 3, attached to the output part of the laser 4. The chamber 1 is filled with water or other liquid 5, for supply and removal of which there are tubes 6 and 7 with shut-off valves 8 and 9.

 In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, the chamber 1 is closed, in FIG. 2 and 3 - open, in FIG. 4 - the outlet 10 is closed by a removable membrane 11.

 In the presence of several optical fibers and, accordingly, focusing systems 2, the latter are placed in different planes passing through the optical axis 12 (Fig. 5). In the case of a chamber 1 of an ellipsoidal shape, it has two foci 13 and 14, a paraboloid-shaped chamber has one focus 15. The rays of the shock waves are indicated by 16, the rays of light focused by system 2 by 17, and the workpiece by 18.

 The operation of the pulse device is based on the light-hydraulic effect 3, which consists in the occurrence of a hydraulic shock pulse when the light of a quantum generator is absorbed inside the liquid.

 The device operates as follows.

Fill chamber 1 with liquid 5 (in the case of a closed chamber - Figs. 1 and 4) and apply to the surface of the workpiece or chamber 1 is applied to the surface of the workpiece (in the case of an open chamber - Figs 2 and 3) and is continuously fed into chamber 1 liquid 5, organized by removing it as it flows out of the chamber. From a pulsed laser 4 (quantum generator) through the optical fiber 3 serves on the focusing system 2 pulses of light flux of high power. The focusing system 2 concentrates the energy of the light flux in the focus 13 of the chamber 1, and hydraulic shock pulses occur in the liquid 5. Microexplosions occur in the concentration zone; the pressure here reaches 2,000,000 atmospheres (2 • 10 ⁵ MPa). Spherical shock waves propagate from focus 13, the rays 16 of which are reflected from the surface of the ellipsoid chamber 1 (Figs. 1, 2, and 4) and, due to the optical properties of the ellipsoid, pass through focus 14, are reflected again, pass through foci 13, etc. more and more approaching the optical axis 12 of the chamber 1, until finally they come out through the hole 10 directly or through the membrane 11.

 With the paraboloid shape of the chamber 1 (Fig. 3), the rays 16, having propagated from the focus 15, are reflected from the surface of the chamber 1 and in a parallel flow exit through the open end of the chamber 1 or through a membrane (not shown).

 Upon exit from the chamber 1, shock waves (rays 16) act on the processing object 18, for example, pass through the soft tissues of the body and, when meeting with kidney stones, destroy them.

 The laser used in the device must be pulsed. With a laser emitting continuously, hydraulic shock pulses do not occur, except at the time the laser is turned on.

 In the case of using an excessively powerful laser that creates a luminous flux of an excessively high energy density, hydraulic shock pulses will occur not in focus 13 (or 15), but not reaching it, which worsens the formation of the front of shock waves and, therefore, reduces the effect of using the device (according to the laws of nonlinear optics, at a high energy density of the light flux, the liquid becomes opaque to the rays of this flux).

 Because of this, to increase the efficiency of the device, it is advisable to equip the device with several optical fibers (Fig. 5) and distribute the light flux of a powerful laser between them (using flux dividers), or the optical fibers will join independent, less powerful pulsed lasers. This measure ensures the concentration of energy in the focus of the camera.

Sources of information
1. Handbook of electrochemical and electrophysical processing methods. Amitan G.L., Baysupov I.A., Baron Yu.M. et al. / Under the general. ed. V.A. Volosatova. - L .: Engineering, Leningrad. Department, 1988, p. 719, tab. 6.14 on p. 484.

 2. EP, application 0192833, cl. A 61 B 17/22, 1986.

Claims (1)

 \ \\ 1 1. A pulsed device containing a liquid-filled chamber made in the form of a reflector, having an optical axis and focus, a light source in the form of at least one pulsed laser connected in series through a fiber with a focusing system, the focus of which is aligned with the focus of the reflector characterized in that the laser is equipped with a light flux divider, the outputs of which are connected through the optical fibers with focusing systems. \\\ 2 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the axis of the locking systems are located in different planes passing through the axis of the camera. \\\ 2 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the camera is closed. \\\ 2 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the outlet of the chamber is closed by a membrane. \\\ 2 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the camera is equipped with nozzles with stopcocks.

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