RU2111645C1 - Grape harvesting machine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, grape and berries harvesting equipment. SUBSTANCE: machine has frame 1, shaking members 2 mounted on frame 1, catchers 3 from which fruits are delivered onto endless belts 4. Inner surface of belts is provided with cells having scalene trapezium-shaped section, with side faces being inclined to side opposed to direction of movement of belt. Aspiration fan 5 for removing contaminants from belt 4 is disposed at the end of working chamber of machine above cellular belt 4. Grid-type elevators 6 with combs 7 are mounted behind aspiration fan 5. Fruits are delivered from endless belt onto transverse conveyor 8, bunches or parts of bunches are transferred from grid-type elevator onto conveyor 9 and from conveyors 8 and 9 onto longitudinal conveyor 10 with following transfer to distributing conveyor 11 and further into hopper 12. EFFECT: increased efficiency, simplified construction and enhanced reliability in operation. 4 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to the field of agricultural engineering, in particular to machines for harvesting grapes and berries.

 Known conveyor of the grape harvesting machine, containing an endless belt with buckets fixed on it inside its contour across the transport direction, between which combs are fixed [1].

 The disadvantage of this device is that the destroyed berries, gathering in buckets, mix with each other, which leads to an additional allocation of juice from them. In addition, this device does not exclude the entry of leaves into the buckets and their contact with the destroyed berries, which continues until the bucket is unloaded. Such contact leads to a deterioration in the quality of wines produced from the material collected by the machine.

 The closest technical solution to the claimed invention is a machine containing a chassis with a scraper attached to it, catchers and belt conveyors placed in boxes, equipped with longitudinal bars fixed between the scrapers [2].

 The disadvantage of this machine is that the cells obtained as a result of supplying the longitudinal bars are located on the outer side of the endless ribbon, as a result of which the upper branch of the ribbon is working.

 This arrangement of the tape leads to an additional transshipment of berries, due to which juice is additionally extracted from the berries, and also to the fact that simple types of catching devices (brush, lobe, in the form of panels) can be installed no lower than the upper branch of an endless cellular tape, which increases harvesting height, thereby reducing the operational capabilities of the machine. The use of a blowing stream directed towards the movement of the conveyor belt leads to the fact that impurities of a certain mass are discarded to the beginning of the conveyor, then moved to the nozzle and recline. Thus, impurities gradually accumulate.

 The purpose of the invention is to increase the technological parameters of the machine by reducing the height of the harvest and improve the separation of berries.

 This goal is achieved by the fact that on the inner side of the endless tape there are cells having a section of a vertical longitudinal plane in the shape of an unequal trapezoid, the side faces of which are deflected relative to the upper base in the direction opposite to the direction of rotation of the tape.

 In the process of the machine performing the technological process, the separated berries fall into the cells, and the leaves, clusters and their parts remain on the surface. The cell sizes are approximately equal to the cell sizes in the mesh conveyors used in practice, for example, on the KV-0.57 machine and the French Femenia-210, and can provide good berry spillability.

 The design of the trapezoidal cells allows the transportation of berries in the upper part of the machine, while avoiding the use of elevators or other lifting mechanisms, thereby eliminating the additional handling of berries. This shape of the cell also contributes to the fact that when installed above the lower branch of the endless belt of the suction fan, the berries are partially covered by the rear wall of the cell. Therefore, to remove impurities, you can give a powerful air stream. The clusters and from the part will remain on the tape, and the impurities will be removed by the fan air flow.

 In FIG. 1 shows a general view of the machine; in FIG. 2 - systems for transporting and cleaning the separated crop; in FIG. 3 - a piece of mesh tape; in FIG. 4 is a longitudinal section of a cell.

 The grape harvesting machine contains working bodies 2 mounted on the frame 1, which are made shaking. Under them, crop traps 3 are installed, from which the separated crop enters the endless and mesh tape 4. At the end of the working chamber of the machine, an aspiration fan 5 is installed above the mesh tape, which serves to suck impurities from the surface of the tape. A mesh elevator 6 with combs 7 is immediately installed behind the fan.

 In the upper part of the machine, under the infinite honeycomb tape, under the place of its transition from the vertical to the horizontal section, there is a conveyor for berries 8. To take the crop from the mesh elevator 6, a conveyor 9 is used. Cross conveyors 8 and 9 move the crop to the distribution conveyor 11, and from it the crop falls into the bunker 12.

 The machine operates as follows. When the machine moves, the shaker 2 separates the crop from the bushes, one part of which falls on the catcher 3, and from them on the endless mesh tape 4. The other part of the crop immediately falls on the mesh tape 4. Together with the crop, leaves and other impurities fall on the mesh tape 4, also separated from the bushes by the working body 2. The berries fall into the trapezoidal cells of the tape 4, and the clusters, their large parts and impurities remain on the surface of the tape, as a result of which they do not come into contact with the destroyed berries and are not wetted by their juice.

 During movement under the treatment fan 5, the leaves and other impurities are sucked out by the air stream, and the berries, being in the trapezoidal cells of the tape, remain at rest and transported to the place of unloading, that is, to the place of the bend of the vertical, upper, lifting section of the tape, under which the transverse conveyor 7.

 At the point of transition from the horizontal section of the tape to the vertical cluster, and their parts are captured by combs 7 of the mesh elevator 6 and moved by them to the transverse conveyor 8. From the transverse conveyors 8 and 9, the crop enters the longitudinal 10, and from it to the distribution conveyor 11 and further to the hopper 12.

 If in one cell of tape 4 there are more berries than necessary, then on the lifting section of tape 4 the berry falls out, falls through the cells of the mesh elevator and falls back onto the mesh tape. Thus, uniform loading of the tape is achieved.

 The use of an endless ribbon, on the inside of which there are cells having the shape of an unequal trapezoid in the vertical longitudinal section, can significantly reduce the machine’s collection height (about 7-10 cm), thereby improving the quality of separation of the berries, the leaves are not wetted by their juice, and this as a result, it reduces the loss of berry juice and improves product quality.

Claims (1)

 A grape harvesting machine containing working bodies mounted on a frame, catchers installed around the machine, an endless conveyor belt, a fan, mesh elevators, conveyors and a berry hopper, characterized in that cells having a vertical cross-section are made on the inside of the endless belt the longitudinal plane is the shape of a non-equilateral trapezoid, the side faces of which are inclined in the direction opposite to the direction of movement of the tape.

Images