RU211112U1 - Trolley biaxial freight wagons - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to railway rolling stock and concerns two-axle bogies of freight cars. Two-axle bogie of freight cars, containing side frames resting with end parts on wheel pairs, bolster installed with its end parts in the middle openings of the side frames and based on the side frames by means of a central spring suspension consisting of helical springs and friction wedges, each friction wedge contains inclined, horizontal and vertical parts, in the upper corners of the vertical part of the wedge there are indicators made in the form of a recess and designed to determine the state of wear. border of the indicator relative to the upper surface of the bolster, on the inside of the vertical part of the wedge, a radial recess is made in the horizontal direction, while the horizontally directed radial recess repeats the contour the outer surface of the outer sub-wedge spring, intended for installation under the friction wedge, at the base of the horizontal part of the wedge along the perimeter of the horizontally directed radial recess, a recess is made in the vertical direction. The proposed technical solution makes it possible to increase the reliability of a two-axle freight car bogie by reliably fixing the top of the outer spring and providing visual control of the faulty state of the wedge, namely the limiting state of wear and overestimation of the wedge relative to the bolster. 2 w.p. f-ly, 9 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to railway rolling stock and concerns two-axle bogies of freight cars.

When external forces act on the bogie, for example, when the bogie enters the curves of the railway tracks, when moving, the elements of the bogie touch each other, despite the limits of structural clearances, and as a result, over time, abrasion of the elements of the bogie (wear), in particular friction wedges, occurs.

Known trolley rolling stock railways, containing a bolster with a thrust bearing and two side bearings interacting with the fifth and side bearings of the body, spring suspension through which the bolster rests on the side frame, while part of the spring suspension springs perceives the load from the bolster through wedges that create longitudinal pressing forces on the friction strips of the thrust surfaces of the side frames. The side frames rest on the axle boxes of the wheel pairs. The trolley also contains a lever transmission of the brake (Cars. Edited by L.A. Shadura, M.: Transport, 1980, p. 182).

Also known trolley rolling stock of railways, taken as a prototype, containing a bolster with a centrally located thrust bearing and two side bearings pressed into the thrust plates of the side supports of the body by elastic elements made of elastomeric material and mounted on the bolster. The bolster rests on the side frames through spring suspension springs, while part of the springs is connected to the bolster via wedges to create longitudinal pressure forces on the friction bars fixed on the thrust surfaces of the side frames (Efimov V.P., Pranov A.A. Modernization of the bogie models 18-100 - an effective way to improve the safety of train traffic Heavy Machine Building, 2003 No. 12, pp. 6-9).

The disadvantage of the above structures is the inability to visually assess the wear condition of the elements of the spring suspension of the bogie, namely the friction wedge. Directly in the composition of the car, there is no possibility to determine the technical condition of the friction wedge, which affects the timely replacement and operation of the entire spring suspension unit as a whole. The existing method for assessing the technical condition of this unit, which is carried out by measuring the overestimation or underestimation of the friction wedge relative to the supporting surface, determines the general condition of the unit (friction wedge, bolster beam, strap, friction strap) and does not reveal which of the elements is worn out and needs to be replaced.

Known friction wedge containing a hollow wedge body with a support platform, front horizontal and inner ribs, an annular collar for springs, horizontal and vertical front walls associated with an inclined wall having a working surface, the side walls and the inner rib are made with through holes made in in the form of triangles with rounded corners, one of which is an arc of a quarter of a circle, the center of the arc of a circle of the side walls is located from the outer surface of the support platform at a distance of 58 mm, the inner rib, the vertical front wall and the horizontal rib are made 12 mm thick, each side wall has a thickness 13 mm, and radial recesses are made on the outer surface of the support platform around the annular collar and along the vertical wall (RU 116821, IPC B61F 5/12, publ. 10.06.2012).

A friction wedge is also known, containing a hollow wedge housing with a support platform, front horizontal and internal ribs, an annular collar for springs, horizontal and front vertical walls associated with an inclined wall having a working surface with a recess made symmetrically about the axis of the wedge, divides the working surface into at least two identical parts, each of which is made convex towards the outer side of the wedge. The length L of each convex part of the working surface and its radius R are dependent on L=(0.1-0.2)R, and h=(0.5-0.8)L, where h is the width of the convex part of the working surface (RU 128584, IPC B61F 5/12, published 05/27/2013).

The disadvantage of the above structures is the inability to visually assess the state of wear of the working vertical and inclined surfaces of the friction wedge in the wagon. And also there is no possibility of determining the technical condition without the use of special measuring instruments.

The closest analogue is a two-axle bogie of freight cars, containing a spring suspension, consisting of two-row helical springs and friction wedges, characterized in that on the working vertical and inclined surfaces of the friction wedges there are indicators of the limit state of wear of these surfaces, made in the form of recesses by the value of the maximum allowable wear of these surfaces (RU 195946, IPC B61F 5/12, publ. 11.02.2020).

The disadvantage of the closest analogue is that the design of the wedge does not provide reliable fixation of the wedge spring when used in freight car bogies, which can lead to displacement of the springs, which means disruption of the car as a whole, and also that the indicators according to patent RU 195946 are intended only to determine wear, which is not enough to monitor wedge failures.

The technical problem solved by the claimed technical solution is the creation of a reliable two-axle freight car bogie that provides reliable fixation of the wedge spring and proper control of the friction wedge failure.

The technical result consists in increasing the reliability of a two-axle freight car bogie due to reliable fixation of the position of the top of the outer wedge spring and providing the possibility of visual control of the faulty state of the wedge, namely the limit state of wear and overestimation of the wedge relative to the bolster.

The technical result is achieved in that the two-axle bogie of freight cars contains two side frames resting with their end parts on the wheelsets, and a bolster mounted with its end parts in the middle openings of the side frames and resting on the side frames by means of a central spring suspension consisting of helical springs and friction wedges. Each friction wedge contains an inclined, horizontal and vertical parts, in the upper corners of the vertical part of the wedge there are indicators made in the form of a recess and designed to determine the state of wear, while the indicators intended to determine the state of wear of the vertical part of the wedge are made with the possibility of visual fixation of the position the lower boundary of the indicator relative to the upper surface of the bolster, on the inner side of the vertical part of the wedge, a radial recess is made in the horizontal direction, while the radial horizontally directed recess follows the contour of the outer surface of the outer wedge spring intended for installation under the friction wedge, at the base of the horizontal part of the wedge along the perimeter of the horizontally directed radial recess, a recess is made in the vertical direction.

The friction wedge can be made, for example, of VCh 100 cast iron.

The height of the indicator can be 10-20 mm.

The length of the indicator can be 10-20 mm.

The width of the indicator can be 4-10 mm.

The width of the recess at the base of the horizontal part of the wedge can be 8-15 mm.

The height of the recess at the base of the horizontal part of the wedge can be 2-7 mm.

The claimed utility model is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1, 2 shows a general view of a freight car bogie,

in fig. 3 is an isometric view of a section of the bolster,

in fig. 4 - isometric view of the friction wedge,

in fig. 5 - view of the friction wedge from below,

in fig. 6 - view of the friction wedge from the side with a section and view D,

in fig. 7 - view of the friction wedge from above,

in fig. 8 - end view of the bolster with friction wedges,

in fig. 9 - section section of the spring suspension.

Designations on the drawings:

1 - side frame,

2 - bolster,

2.1 - pocket,

2.2 - wear-resistant insert,

2.3 - the upper surface of the bolster 2,

3 - wheelset,

4 - spring suspension,

4.1 - friction wedge,

4.2 - springs,

5 - inclined part of the wedge,

6 - vertical part of the wedge,

7 - indicator for monitoring the limit of wear and overestimation of the wedge relative to the bolster,

8 - recess on the inside of the horizontal part,

9 - horizontal part of the wedge,

10 - the inner side of the vertical part,

11 - external wedge spring,

L1 - indicator height 7,

L2 - indicator width 7,

L3 - indicator length 7,

L4 - recess width 8,

L5 - recess height 8.

The two-axle bogie of freight cars (Fig. 1, 2) contains two side frames 1, resting with the end parts on the wheelsets 3, and a bolster 2, installed with its end parts in the middle openings of the side frames 1 and based on the side frames 1 by means of a central spring suspension 4, consisting of helical springs 4.2 and friction wedges 4.1.

Friction wedge 4.1 (Fig. 1, 2) contains working inclined 5, vertical 6 and horizontal parts 9. Inclined part 5 interacts with liners 2.2 pocket 2.1, welded between the inclined surface and the vertical side walls of the pocket bolster 2. Inclined part 5 of the wedge consists from two inclined surfaces that are inclined to the horizontal at an angle α=55 ^° and form an angle β=150 ^° between them (Fig. 5) .

The vertical part 6 of the wedge interacts with the friction bar of the side frame (not shown).

In the upper corners of the vertical working part 6 of the wedge 4.1 there are indicators 7, which are made in the form of a recess.

Control overestimation of the friction wedge 4.1 (Fig. 6) is carried out according to the position of the lower border of the indicator 7 relative to the upper surface 2.3 of the bolster 2. If the indicator 7 is completely or partially below the surface 2.3 of the bolster 2, then there is no malfunction, i. the friction wedge is in good condition (Fig. 6a). The complete overestimation of the indicator 7 relative to the surface 2.3 of the bolster 2 (Fig. 6 b) or the absence of the indicator 7 on the wedge 4.1 is a malfunction (Fig. 6 c), i.e. the friction wedge is out of order and the wagon needs to be uncoupled.

Thus, the 7 indicators perform a dual function and are designed to:

- control of the limit state of wear of the wedge 4.1;

- control overestimation of the wedge 4.1 relative to the bolster 2.

The height L1 of the indicator 7 can be 10-20 mm (Fig. 4, 5).

The width L2 of the indicator 7 may be 4-10 mm.

The length L3 of the indicator 7 may be 10-20 mm.

These parameters are selected experimentally. With a height and length of less than 10 mm, a width of less than 4 mm, as well as a height and length of more than 20 mm, with a width of more than 10 mm, the proper quality of monitoring the state of the wedge 4 will not be ensured. Only in these ranges of the indicator 7, the parameters of the wedge 4.1 will not go out beyond the allowed limits.

The inner side of the vertical part 10 (Fig. 3) is made with a radial recess 10.1, made in the horizontal direction, while the radial recess 10.1 repeats the contour of the outer surface of the outer wedge spring 11.

At the base of the horizontal part 9 of the wedge 4.1, along the perimeter of the radial recess 10.1, a recess 8 is made (Fig. 3, 4), which makes it possible to eliminate the rounding of the wedge mold 4 and ensure that the outer part of the outer wedge spring 11 (Fig. 7) abuts against the radial recess 10.1 of the lower parts of the vertical part 10 of the wedge. In the absence of recess 8, the friction wedge obtained from the mold at the interface between surface 9 and the outer vertical surface of the radial recess 10.1 will have a radial transition that will prevent the spring from reaching surface 9. In this case, the position of the spring will be unstable and it will move along the surface 9, while violating the stable and reliable operation of the spring assembly.

The width L4 of the recess 8 may be 8-15 mm (FIG. 4).

The height L5 of the recess 8 may be 2-7 mm.

With a width of less than 8 mm and/or a height of less than 2 mm, the outer part of the outer wedge spring 11 will not rest against the radial recess 10.1 on the inside of the vertical part 10 of the wedge.

With a width of more than 15 mm and / or a height of more than 7 mm, a violation of the stable fixation of the wedge spring 11 may occur.

The presence of recesses 8 and 10.1 allows you to abandon the complex design of the displacement limiters of the upper part of the wedge spring and at the same time provides reliable fixation of the top of the spring.

Friction wedge 4 can be made, for example, of cast iron grade VCh 100 according to GOST 7293.

An example of use is the application of this wedge design in a manufactured two-axle freight car bogie. The presence of indicators made it possible to timely monitor the state of the friction wedge, an important component of the bogie. Thus, proper control of the technical condition of the bogie and reliable fixation of the wedge springs were ensured.

Thus, the proposed technical solution makes it possible to increase the reliability of a two-axle freight car bogie by reliably fixing the top of the outer spring and providing visual control of the faulty state of the wedge, namely the limiting state of wear and overestimation of the wedge relative to the bolster.

Claims (3)

1. A two-axle bogie of freight cars, containing side frames resting with their end parts on wheelsets, a bolster mounted with its end parts in the middle openings of the side frames and resting on the side frames by means of a central spring suspension consisting of helical springs and friction wedges, each wedge friction contains inclined, horizontal and vertical parts, in the upper corners of the vertical part of the wedge there are indicators made in the form of a recess and designed to determine the state of wear, characterized in that the indicators of the wedge, designed to determine the state of wear of the vertical part of the wedge, are made with the possibility of visual fixation position of the lower border of the indicator relative to the upper surface of the bolster, on the inside of the vertical part of the wedge, a radial recess is made in the horizontal direction, while the radial horizontally directed recess repeats to the contour of the outer surface of the outer sub-wedge spring, intended for installation under the friction wedge, at the base of the horizontal part of the wedge along the perimeter of the horizontally directed radial recess, a recess is made in the vertical direction. 2. Two-axle bogie for freight cars according to claim 1, characterized in that the height of the friction wedge indicator is 10-20 mm, the length of the indicator is 10-20 mm, the width of the indicator is 4-10 mm. 3. A two-axle bogie for freight cars according to claim 1, characterized in that the width of the recess at the base of the horizontal part of the friction wedge is 8-15 mm, the height of the recess at the base of the horizontal part of the wedge is 2-7 mm.

Images