RU211009U1 - FIRE TUBE WATER BOILER WITH ECONOMIZER - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of thermal power engineering, namely, multi-pass fire-tube hot water boilers of low power (0.1-4 MW) for burning liquid and gaseous fuels. The technical result is to increase the efficiency of a fire-tube hot water boiler with an economizer. A fire-tube hot water boiler with an economizer comprises a front cover and a boiler body, inside of which there is a flame tube with fire tubes enclosing the flame tube, containing a front wall equipped with a flange for mounting the burner, a coolant inlet pipe, a coolant outlet pipe, an inspection hatch, a drain pipe, located in the upper part of the boiler body, while the body of the fire-tube hot water boiler and the economizer body are located coaxially and are interconnected by means of a horizontally oriented bypass gas duct, the front wall of the boiler and the front cover are made with a heat-insulating layer, the front cover is made with two refractory layers, while the economizer contains a common manifold and heat exchange units, each of which is made in the form of a coil with a lower and upper manifolds, while the lower manifold is made with the possibility of detachable connection with the common economizer manifold. 6 w.p. f-ly, 3 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of thermal power engineering, namely, multi-pass fire-tube hot water boilers of low power (0.1-4 MW) for burning liquid and gaseous fuels.

The closest analogue to the utility model is a multi-pass fire-tube hot-water boiler containing a front cover, an inspection hatch and a body with a water volume, inside which a fire tube is installed, fire tubes of the second and third passes, covering the fire tube. To preheat the heat carrier (water) with combustion products, the boiler is equipped with a remote economizer, which is connected to the boiler outlet chamber through a bypass gas duct. The economizer includes a housing in which a heat exchanger of serpentine tubes is installed. The heat exchanger is separated by a partition that provides two-way movement of combustion products (patent RU 177320 U1, F22B 7/00, 12/21/2017).

The disadvantages of the analogue include the design of the economizer, which provides for its repair and maintenance when the operation of the multi-pass fire-tube hot water boiler is completely stopped, in addition, the elements of the fire-tube hot water boiler during operation have an increased surface temperature, which leads to heat loss.

The technical objective of the utility model is to create a design of a fire-tube hot water boiler with an economizer operating on liquid and gaseous fuels with an exhaust gas heat recovery system with a low level of heat loss and with dimensions that allow the use of block modules with the dimensions of standard containers in accordance with GOST R 53350 when designing a block a modular boiler house with this boiler without a removable roof device for the block modules, as well as with a layout that allows maintenance and repair of the economizer without stopping the operation of the fire-tube boiler and dismantling the entire economizer and using ladders and platforms and dismantling the removable roof of the boiler room.

The technical result is to increase the efficiency of a fire-tube hot water boiler with an economizer.

The specified technical problem is solved, and the technical result is achieved in that the fire-tube hot water boiler with an economizer contains a front cover and a boiler body, inside of which there is a flame tube with smoke tubes enclosing the flame tube, containing a front wall equipped with a flange for attaching the burner, a supply pipe coolant outlet pipe, inspection hatch, drain pipe, located in the upper part of the boiler body, while the body of the fire-tube boiler and the economizer body are located coaxially and are interconnected by means of a horizontally oriented bypass gas duct, the front wall of the boiler and the front cover are made with a heat-insulating layer , the front cover is made with two refractory layers, while the economizer contains a common collector and heat exchange blocks, each of which is made in the form of a coil with a lower and upper collectors, while the lower collector is made with the possibility the importance of a detachable connection with a common collector of the economizer.

The development and refinement of the proposed utility model is that:

- the heat-insulating layer is made of mineral wool or ceramic fiber or glass fiber;

- the refractory layer is made of chamotte or sovelite or mullite-silica plates.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by the drawings, where in Fig. 1 shows a general view of a fire-tube boiler with an economizer in section (side view), in Fig. 2 shows a general view of a fire-tube boiler with an economizer, FIG. 3 shows a general view of the economizer heat exchange unit.

In the drawings, positions have the following numerical designations:

1 - boiler body;

2 - front tube board;

3 - rear tube board;

4 - flame tube;

5 - rotary camera;

6 - bypass gas duct;

7 - bottom;

8 - smoke tubes of the second pass;

9 - front cover;

10 - smoke tubes of the third pass;

11 - smoke chamber;

12 - coolant supply pipe;

13 - coolant outlet pipe;

14 - inspection hatch;

15 - drain pipe;

16 - inspection hatch with a cover;

17 - economizer housing;

18 - economizer heat exchange unit;

19 - lower collector of the heat exchange unit;

20 - upper collector of the heat exchange unit;

21 - coil;

22 - threaded pipe;

23 - common collector of the economizer;

24 - rear wall of the boiler.

A fire-tube hot water boiler with an economizer contains a boiler body 1 inside which there is a combustion chamber in the form of a flame tube 4, which is connected to the rear tube plate 3, which in turn is permanently connected to the bottom 7, thus forming a rotary chamber 5.

The smoke tubes of the second pass 8 are permanently fixed with the rear tube plate 3 and the front tube plate 2, the smoke tubes of the third pass 10 are fixed with a permanent connection with the front tube plate 2 and the rear wall of the boiler 24.

The bottom 7 in the rotary chamber 5 is made flat with a flare (with rounded edges) to reduce the deformation from the pressure of the coolant in comparison with a flat wall.

The bottom 7 of the rotary chamber 5 and the rear wall of the boiler 24 are connected by a permanent connection to ensure rigidity and reliability.

On the front wall of the boiler (not shown in the figure), adjacent to the flame tube 4, a layer of thermal insulation is made. A burner flange and a peeper are welded to the front wall (not shown in the figure). The peeper has an air inlet (not shown in the figure).

The second rotary chamber (not shown in the figure), formed by the front cover 9 and the front tube plate 2, provides a change in the direction of movement of the combustion products by 180°.

The front cover 9 consists of two swivel and one removable part of the cover.

In the rear part of the boiler body 1 there is an inspection hatch with a cover 16, designed to inspect and clean the inside of the flame tube and the turning chamber 5.

In the upper part of the boiler body 1 there are: coolant inlet pipe 12, coolant outlet pipe 13, inspection hatch 14, drain pipe 15.

Inspection hatch 14 and front cover 9 contain successively placed heat-insulating layer, two refractory layers and an additional protective layer deposited on the outer surface of the 2nd refractory layer.

The thermal insulation layer can be made of mineral wool, glass fiber or ceramic fiber.

The refractory layer can be made of fireclay, mullite-silica or covelite boards.

The protective layer can be made of shotcrete mass, sealing layer of asbestos fireclay or magnesia mastic.

The protective layer reduces the abrasive wear of the plate by dust particles of combustion products, which increases the efficiency of the fire-tube boiler with an economizer.

The body 1 of the fire-tube hot water boiler and the body of the economizer 17 are located coaxially and are connected to each other by means of a horizontally oriented bypass gas duct 6.

The economizer consists of a housing 17 with eight heat exchange units 18.

The economizer heat exchange unit 18 is made in the form of a coil 21 with lower and upper collectors 19, 20.

The lower header of the heat exchange unit 19 has a baffle dividing it into two sections and two branch pipes (inlet and outlet), made with the possibility of flange connection with the common economizer header 23.

The upper manifold of the heat exchange unit 20 contains a threaded fitting for connecting an air vent.

The coil 21 consists of 6 metal curved tubes, each of which is welded to the lower and upper collectors of the heat exchange unit 19, 20.

The economizer blocks are connected by a detachable connection to a common economizer manifold 23.

The presence of eight heat exchange blocks 18 provides the possibility of dismantling one block for repair, cleaning, replacement without dismantling the entire economizer, which increases the efficiency of the fire-tube boiler with an economizer.

The operation of a multi-pass fire-tube hot water boiler with an economizer is carried out as follows.

The burner device (not shown in Fig.), which is attached to the flange on the front wall of the boiler, to which the front cover 9 is also fixed, supplies fuel and air to the combustion chamber formed by the flame tube 4 and the first rotary chamber 5, in which they are sequential ignition and combustion with the formation of combustion products.

After passing the flame tube 4 and the first rotary chamber 5, the combustion products enter the second pass 8 smoke tubes, passing through which enter the second rotary chamber, then the combustion products in the chamber formed by the front cover 9 and the front tube plate 2 again change the direction of movement by 180 ° and enter the smoke tubes of the third pass 10, passing through which accumulate in the smoke chamber 11.

Further, the combustion products from the smoke collection chamber 11 through the bypass gas duct 6 enter the economizer housing 17, into which the heat carrier (water) is simultaneously supplied through the common economizer manifold 23 to eight heat exchange units of the economizer 18.

The movement of water in the heat exchange unit of the economizer is carried out according to the following scheme: the entrance to the lower manifold of the heat exchange unit 19 is parallel through 6 coils to the upper manifold, the upper manifold of the heat exchange unit 20, then turning along 6 coils, returns to the lower manifold of the heat exchange unit 19. To remove air on the unit a threaded pipe 22 is provided.

After preheating by combustion products, the coolant enters the water volume of the fire-tube boiler through the coolant supply pipe 12. The gas path of the remote economizer is divided into two passages. Combustion products sequentially pass both passages, first the right one, then the left one, and are discharged through the flue into the chimney. Flue gases leaving the boiler through the flue enter the economizer cover, then a 90° turn follows and they go down through 4 economizer units, then a 90° turn follows and the flue gases pass through 4 economizer units, after that a 90° turn and the exit - into the flue leading to the chimney. Water with the required temperature is discharged from the boiler through the outlet pipe 13.

Increasing the efficiency of a fire-tube hot water boiler with an economizer is achieved by

execution of economizer heat exchange units with the possibility of detachable connection and coaxial arrangement of the fire-tube boiler body and the economizer casing connected by means of a horizontally oriented bypass gas duct, which makes it possible to easily install, operate and repair the fire-tube boiler with an economizer without completely stopping its operation and dismantling the entire economizer and maintenance devices without dismantling the removable roof of the boiler room using a truck crane and allows it to be used in a block-modular design with the dimensions of standard containers;

thermal insulation of the front wall of the boiler and the front cover of the hot water boiler, which reduces heat losses;

execution of the front cover with refractory layers, which increases reliability.

Claims (7)

1. A fire-tube hot water boiler with an economizer, containing a front cover and a boiler body, inside of which there is a flame tube with fire tubes enclosing the flame tube, containing a front wall equipped with a flange for mounting the burner, a coolant inlet pipe, a coolant outlet pipe, an inspection hatch, drain pipe located in the upper part of the boiler body, characterized in that the body of the fire-tube hot water boiler and the economizer body are located coaxially and are connected to each other by means of a horizontally oriented bypass gas duct, the front wall of the boiler and the front cover are made with a heat-insulating layer, the front cover is made with two refractory layers, while the economizer contains a common manifold and heat exchange units, each of which is made in the form of a coil with a lower and upper manifolds, while the lower manifold is made with the possibility of detachable connection with the common economizer manifold. 2. Fire-tube hot water boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat-insulating layer is made of mineral wool. 3. Fire-tube hot water boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat-insulating layer is made of ceramic fiber. 4. Fire-tube hot water boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the heat-insulating layer is made of fiberglass. 5. Fire tube hot water boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the refractory layer is made of chamotte. 6. Fire-tube hot water boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the refractory layer is made of covelite plate. 7. Fire-tube hot water boiler according to claim 1, characterized in that the refractory layer is made of mullite-silica plate.

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