RU218204U1 - DEVICE FOR OBTAINING CHARCOAL - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to the field of wood pyrolysis, namely to the production of coal, and can be used in the forestry and woodworking industries for processing technological wood and its waste. The device for producing charcoal contains a body with four pyrolysis compartments made in it with retorts located in them to accommodate the feedstock, a combustion chamber, chimneys, a combustion chamber is located in the central part of the body, on both sides of which there are two pyrolysis compartments, each the pyrolysis compartment contains a glass, made in the form of a hollow horizontally oriented cylinder, the front part is welded to the front part of the frame, and the lower part lies on supports that provide an elevated position of the glass, while the glass is installed at an angle to the horizon line with a slope towards the loading of the retort, inside furnace, a kindling pipe passes through the pyrolysis compartment, which enters the combustion chamber, inside the furnace from the back of each glass a pipe connects the glass and the combustion chamber, through which pyrolysis gases enter the combustion chamber, in the upper part of the furnace two emergency pipes depart from the combustion compartment coolant discharge with lids that open and close with a linear drive, pipes exit from each pyrolysis compartment from both ends of the housing to discharge excess pyrolysis gases, for access to the pyrolysis compartments on opposite sides of the furnace body there are two round covers, between which there is a door for loading the combustion chamber, while at the bottom of each round cover there is a hole necessary for the removal of liquids. The technical result is the stabilization of the length of the coal production cycle, thereby increasing the productivity of the furnace. 1 w.p. f-ly, 5 ill.

Description

The utility model relates to the field of wood pyrolysis, namely to the production of coal, and can be used in the forestry and woodworking industries for processing technological wood and its waste.

From the prior art, a plant for the production of charcoal is known (patent for invention RU 2027735, publ. 27.01.1995), containing at least one furnace chamber with a removable container for processed wood, a furnace with a flame tube and a gas duct system, the container is made in the form of a container with a lid and a bottom, in the central part of which a perforated flame tube is vertically installed, open from the side of the lid and the bottom of the container, and the gas duct system includes a flame tube arranged in series, the space between the walls of the chamber and the container, and the outlet gas duct. When using two or more furnace chambers, the system of gas ducts of the installation contains for each pair of adjacent furnace chambers a gas duct located at the level of the lower part of the conveyors and connecting these chambers. The disadvantage of this furnace is its low productivity.

The closest in technical essence is a plant for the production of charcoal (patent for invention RU 2717796, publ.: 03/25/2020 Bull. No. 9), containing at least two pyrolysis compartments with retorts located in them, a furnace, including a combustion chamber that communicates flue with pyrolysis compartments, ash pans and chimney. At the same time, the combustion chamber gas duct is made in the form of a mixer device for uniform mixing of gas flows generated in different zones of the furnace space with incoming atmospheric flows into one stream before supplying and distributing the coolant over the pyrolysis compartments, and the mixer device is configured to transfer heat to the zone the center of the upper part of the retort and includes an emergency coolant discharge pipe. Also, the installation includes a complex for preliminary drying of wood raw materials, made in the form of a base with holes, where at least one retort is installed above each of the holes. The exhaust coolant is removed from each pyrolysis compartment through holes located evenly along the entire perimeter of the bottom of the retort circumference. The disadvantage of this furnace is its low productivity, the complexity of the design.

The problem to be solved by the claimed utility model is the development of a furnace that provides continuous production of charcoal, simple in design and easy to use.

This problem is solved by the fact that the device for producing charcoal contains a housing with four pyrolysis compartments made in it with retorts located in them to accommodate the feedstock, a combustion chamber, chimneys, a combustion chamber is located in the central part of the housing, on both sides of which there are two pyrolysis compartments, each pyrolysis compartment contains a glass, made in the form of a hollow horizontally oriented cylinder, with the front part welded to the front part of the frame, and the lower part lies on supports, providing an elevated location of the glass, while the glass is installed at an angle to the horizon line with a slope in the direction of loading the retort, inside the furnace, a kindling pipe passes through the pyrolysis compartment, which enters the combustion chamber, inside the furnace, a pipe extends from the rear of each glass, connecting the glass and the combustion two pipes for emergency discharge of the coolant with covers opening and closing with the help of a linear drive depart from the furnace compartment, pipes for discharging excess pyrolysis gases exit from both ends of the housing from each pyrolysis compartment, for access to the pyrolysis compartments on opposite sides of the furnace body there are two round covers , between which there is a door for loading the combustion chamber, while at the bottom of each round cover there is a hole necessary for draining liquids. On the side walls of the furnace there are windows for forced cooling of the glasses.

The technical result is the stabilization of the length of the coal production cycle, thereby increasing the productivity of the furnace. An additional effect can be considered a reduction in the cost of coal production, and due to the combination of four pyrolysis compartments and a common combustion chamber in one housing, optimal heat distribution (air and gas flow movement) is ensured, thus saving fuel.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by drawings, which show:

- figure 1 - view of the furnace in front (or rear),

- figure 2 - view of the furnace from above,

- figure 3 - view of the furnace from above in section,

- figure 4 is a side view of the furnace,

- figure 5 - pyrolysis furnace compartments in section.

The device for producing charcoal is a charcoal burning furnace, which contains a body with four pyrolysis compartments (pyrolysis chambers) made in it with retorts located in them to accommodate the feedstock and a combustion chamber, chimneys. The device can be equipped with control and measuring devices, including thermocouples that measure the temperature in the retorts and in the furnace, and a controller that monitors the operating temperature and controls the temperature reset linear actuator, while transmitting sound and light signals to the operator. The device may also be equipped with means for transmitting data via wireless data transmission.

The body consists of a frame frame 1 with a roof 2 and trusses 3. The frame is a spatial structure in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped, welded from rectangular steel pipes, reinforced in places of greater load by longitudinal and transverse pipes. Steel sheets are welded to the frame. They mainly use steel 09G2S with a thickness of 3-5 mm. The size of the frame is mainly 6.7×6.6×3.18 m, the thickness of the pipes is 3-5 mm. The case from the inside is sheathed with fire-resistant material.

Roof 2 is a rectangular structure, made in the size of the upper side of the frame. The roof is made of a welded frame with welded steel sheets. There are 3 trusses on the roof to strengthen it and prevent sagging.

The front and back (opposite) parts of the body are identical. On the front and rear parts of the furnace body are two round covers 4 for installing retorts (cassettes) (figure 1). The covers are also made of a welded frame with steel sheets welded to it. Covers 4 are fixed on a reinforced frame fixed on the frame of the device. Lids 4 have seals, thanks to which they close tightly (hermetically) during operation. Doors 5 are also located on the front and rear parts of the furnace body, located one above the other. Door 5 is fixed on a reinforced frame and is the door of the combustion chamber.

The combustion chamber 6 is located in the Central part of the furnace (figure 3). The combustion chamber is the same for all four retorts. On both sides of the combustion chamber there are pyrolysis compartments with glasses 7 placed in them with retorts. The combustion chamber is lined on the inside with refractory bricks, thus separating the combustion chamber from the pyrolysis compartments. The refractory brick is laid out with a thickness of one brick and laid with periodic passages for uniform movement of heat flows into the glass area, washing it from all sides, but at the same time being a flame arrester, preventing the flame from directly affecting the metal of the glass. This masonry is also an energy accumulator. The brick is laid out at ¾ of the height of the frame. The location of the combustion chamber in the central part of the body allows simultaneous heating and operation of four pyrolysis chambers, which leads to an increase in the productivity of the furnace.

Each retort (cassette) is made in the form of a hollow half-cylinder and installed in its glass (figure 5). Glass 7 is cylindrical. The glass can be wrapped with refractory material around the entire outer circumference. The glass is welded to the outer part of the furnace frame. The retort is inserted into the beaker using a forklift and rests on the bottom of the beaker. In the lower part of the cover 4 there is a hole 8, which is necessary for the removal (draining) of liquids released from the wood at the time of its heating and cooking coal. To do this, the glass 7 with the retort is installed at an inclination to the horizon line with a slope towards the loading of the retort (in the direction of the lid 4), the preferred angle of inclination is 2° for natural draining of the liquid fraction. When the pyrolysis chamber (retort chamber) reaches a temperature above 300℃, these holes are blocked to prevent oxygen from entering the coal preparation zone. Timely removal of the liquid from the retort area allows to reduce the consumption of thermal energy for the evaporation of this liquid. When using dry wood, the hole can be kept closed. Each glass is installed on inverted W-shaped supports 9 for fastening the glass in an elevated state, which ensures better circulation of the coolant around the glass (here, the coolant means hot gases circulating in the furnace). The supports are welded to the bottom of the frame.

On the side (end) walls of the furnace there are windows (flaps) 10 for forced cooling of the glasses. Each pair of dampers has a combined air duct system with a forced fan with a slide valve and automation. When the glass (retort) is overheated, window 10 opens and atmospheric air is forced into the region of the glass. At the same time, the smoke damper of this glass is automatically closed, thereby stopping the draft in this area. In this case, the smoke streams will exit through the remaining open chimneys. In this case, the superheated glass will be cooled, and the thermal energy will be redistributed throughout the furnace volume. Thus, the glass is not just cooled, but the energy is redistributed to other areas of the furnace, while the emergency coolant discharge pipes 13 are closed and all thermal energy remains inside the furnace. If a situation occurs when all four cups (retorts) or the furnace space overheat, then in this case the pipes for emergency discharge of the coolant are triggered.

Due to the absence of partitions between the pyrolysis compartments and, accordingly, the glasses, general overheating is unlikely in this furnace, since the excess heat energy of one of them will be given to the neighboring one.

Inside the furnace there are pyrolysis pipes 11, through which gas enters the furnace from each glass. Each tube exits from the rear upper corner of the cup, descends and runs along the cup to the front of the combustion chamber. The pipe goes along the furnace, several nozzles (about 3-4 pieces) depart from it, releasing pyrolysis gas from the retort into the furnace space evenly. This ensures uniform heating of the furnace and retorts.

Inside the furnace, a kindling pipe (not shown in the drawings) passes through the pyrolysis compartment, which enters the combustion chamber. The ignition pipe inlet is located on one of the end (side) walls of the housing. The kindling pipe is a pipeline for supplying air to the furnace, which is preheated, passing inside the furnace along the pyrolysis compartment. The kindling pipe is always in a heated state of ~300℃, and the air passing through it is heated to about 60℃. The presence of a kindling pipe allows heated air to be supplied to the combustion chamber, which leads to an increase in the productivity of the furnace, to adjust the intensity of combustion in the combustion chamber, which ensures temperature stability within the specified limits, preventing overheating and, accordingly, reduces heat loss.

On the side walls, pipes 12 exit from each pyrolysis compartment to discharge excess pyrolysis gases at the time of an emergency at an elevated temperature in a glass or in a furnace. Also, the pipes 12 allow the primary steam to be thrown out during the drying process of wood at the moment of its heating in the retort.

In the upper part of the furnace, two pipes 13 (emergency coolant discharge pipes) depart from the furnace compartment, each closed with a lid 14, opened and closed using a linear drive 15. When the temperature rises above the operating temperature, the lid 14 automatically opens, providing a temperature drop (cooling the combustion chamber) . These pipes are rarely used, used to cool the whole furnace when the first row of cooling fails.

Chimneys 16 with pipes are located on both ends of the body, through which flue gases are removed from the common space of the furnace. The chimney contains pipes, the movement of gases between which is controlled by dampers and, if necessary, flue gases can go directly into the atmosphere or through a heat exchanger. Each chimney is connected to a direct pyrolysis compartment, which makes it possible to regulate the combustion process, including during the kindling of the furnace.

The device works as follows.

The operation of the furnace is based on the principle of dry distillation of wood without air access. The process takes place in a closed metal retort with external heating up to a final temperature of 450-500°C. As a result of heating, vaporous and gaseous decomposition products (vapor-gas mixture) come out of the wood and charcoal remains.

Wood is placed in the retort, the doors are closed and heating is carried out, adjusting the distribution of hot gases inside the furnace using chimney dampers and a kindling pipe. Primary heating occurs due to the combustion of wood fuel in the furnace. The start of the furnace can be carried out by loading diagonally located pyrolysis chambers, forming a temporary gap for autonomous operation, using slide gates on the chimneys for this. When all retorts are connected to the process, all smoke gates open. Further, the furnace operates autonomously and is controlled by an automatic temperature control system to prevent overheating of the furnace.

When overheating of all four retorts is reached above a temperature of 550°C, an emergency situation occurs, in which the fuel supply to the furnace is stopped, the oxygen supply gas duct to the furnace is blocked, emergency valves open, through which pyrolysis gas escapes into the atmosphere. The gas is ignited and its combustion occurs outside the furnace, while the pyrolysis chambers and furnace cool down, the furnace enters normal operation (about 520 ° C). After that, the fuel begins to be fed into the furnace again, shutting off the emergency valves and opening the gas duct for supplying oxygen to the furnace.

Thus, in addition to increasing the productivity of the furnace, stabilization of the cycle length is ensured, because a high temperature will always be maintained in the common space of four simultaneously gassing retorts (it can be sequential, but there are always two or three retorts in the gas), which makes it possible to maintain a high temperature. And since the gas comes from four glasses (retorts), there is no need to add fuel, which reduces its consumption.

Made a sample of the claimed device, characterized by the following parameters:

Length - 6705 mm

Width - 6620 mm

Height - 3179 mm.

The advantages of this development are:

- environmental friendliness, due to the complete combustion of flue (pyrolysis) gases, obtaining CO at the outlet;

- safety, due to the minimum presence of a person next to the production equipment;

- simplicity in management with the minimum involvement of the person;

- the speed of production of coal, provided due to the design of the furnace, providing optimal movement of pyrolysis gases;

- compactness of a design at high productivity of the furnace;

- lack of foundations and crane installations;

- ensuring the continuity of the coal preparation cycle due to the presence of several retorts,

- the combustion chamber and pyrolysis compartments are located in one common housing, which makes it possible to do without the use of any additional lines for pyrolysis gases, exhaust steam, water and air. Thus, there is no additional heat loss, which directly affects the performance of the equipment.

Claims (2)

1. A device for producing charcoal, containing a body with pyrolysis compartments made in it with retorts located in them to accommodate the feedstock, a combustion chamber, chimneys, characterized in that the device contains four pyrolysis compartments, the combustion chamber is located in the central part of the body, on both sides of which there are two pyrolysis compartments, each pyrolysis compartment contains a glass made in the form of a hollow horizontally oriented cylinder, the front part of which is welded to the front part of the frame, and the lower part lies on supports that provide an elevated location of the glass, while the glass is installed under at an angle to the horizon line with a slope towards the loading of the retort, inside the furnace, a kindling pipe passes through the pyrolysis compartment, which enters the combustion chamber; , in the upper part of the furnace, two pipes for emergency discharge of the coolant with covers opening and closing with the help of a linear drive depart from the furnace compartment, pipes exit from each pyrolysis compartment from both ends of the housing to discharge excess pyrolysis gases, for access to the pyrolysis compartments on opposite sides of the housing furnaces are located on two round covers, between which there is a door for loading the combustion chamber, while in the lower part of each round cover there is a hole necessary for draining liquids. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that windows for forced cooling of the glasses are located on the side walls of the furnace.

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