RU218127U1 - Quantum communication transceiver - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to communication technology and can be used in non-local quantum communication systems that use the phenomena of quantum entanglement to transmit. The technical result is to improve the quality of communication by eliminating parasitic noise generated by the residual beam of light. To do this, the non-local quantum communication device contains a light source installed in front of the thermoluminescent crystal, a photodetector located next to the thermoluminescent crystal perpendicular to the propagation of the light beam emitted by the light source, as well as a modulator, demodulator and a light-dampening barrier, while the residual light beam that has passed through a thermoluminescent crystal and being a continuation of the light beam from the light source, is oriented to the light-dampening barrier. 3 ill.

Description

Field of technology to which the utility model belongs

The present utility model relates to information transmission devices, namely to devices that use the phenomenon of quantum entanglement for transmission.

State of the art

From the existing prior art, optical communication systems are known that have a transceiver device (TPU) on the transmitting side, containing a laser and a modulator, and an TPU on the receiving side, containing a photo detector and a demodulator [1, 2]. In this case, the receiving and transmitting sides can be connected both by fiber optic cable and by a space free from obstacles for light.

The disadvantage of PPU used in such communication systems is the presence of a delay in the organization of communication, caused by the finite speed of light propagation.

Closest to the proposed utility model is the non-local quantum communication PPU, presented in the patent [3]. As follows from the diagram in Fig. 2 of the description of this patent, the non-local quantum coupling PPU includes a low-power light source, which is installed in front of a thermoluminescent crystal (the crystals of the transmitting and receiving sides contain electronic color centers entangled between them quantum-mechanically and can be made of doped lithium fluoride). On the receiving side next to the crystal, perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the light rays emitted by the source, there is a photodetector.

The disadvantage of the mentioned PPU non-local quantum communication is the relatively low quality of communication due to the presence of parasitic noise generated by the residual beam of light.

Utility Model Disclosure

The task to be solved by this utility model is to create a non-local quantum communication PPU that provides improved communication quality.

The desired technical result is to improve the quality of communication by eliminating parasitic noise generated by the residual beam of light.

The problem is solved, and the required technical result is achieved by the fact that in the PPU of non-local quantum communication, containing a light source installed in front of a thermoluminescent crystal, a photodetector, which is located next to the thermoluminescent crystal perpendicular to the propagation of the light beam emitted by the light source, according to the utility model, which in a modulator, a demodulator and a light-dampening barrier are additionally introduced into it, while the residual light beam that has passed through the thermoluminescent crystal and is a continuation of the light beam from the light source is oriented to the light-dampening barrier, the input of the PPU of nonlocal quantum communication is connected through the modulator to the input of the light source, the output The photodetector is connected through a demodulator to the output of the non-local quantum communication PPU.

The proposed non-local quantum communication PSP can be used to communicate between subscribers in the half-duplex mode described in numerous sources, for example, in [4]. At the same time, the proposed PPU of non-local quantum communication can be used both for transmitting and receiving information.

Brief description of the drawings

The essence of the proposed PPU non-local quantum communication is illustrated by drawings, which show:

in fig. 1 is a block diagram of a communication system, including a PPU of non-local quantum communication of two transceiver stations, and computers serving as sources and recipients of information;

in fig. 2 - the sequence of operations (block diagram of the algorithm) of the deployment of a non-local quantum communication system;

in fig. 3 - the sequence of operations (flowchart of the algorithm) of information transfer in the implementation of non-local quantum communication using the proposed PPU non-local quantum communication.

Implementation of the utility model

Theoretical background. In 1935, Einstein, Podolsky, and Rosen wrote a paper [5] in which they questioned the validity of the concept of entanglement, which follows from the theory of quantum mechanics, and suggested the existence of "hidden variables" to explain entanglement. In 1962 J.S. Bell mathematically showed [5] that experiments could show the truth of the predictions of quantum mechanics, which was subsequently repeatedly confirmed by experiments [7-9].

There is an experiment [10] with two spatially separated TLD crystals (crystals for thermoluminescent dosimetry) located in Baton Rouge, Louisiana (USA) and Givarlet (France) at a distance of 8182 km. TLD crystals were simultaneously and jointly irradiated with X-rays in order to create entangled traps (electronic color centers) in adjacent crystals. One of these crystals was then sent to Baton Rouge, while its confused partner remained in Givarlet. The heating of the crystal located in Baton Rouge was carried out in accordance with the temperature of another crystal entangled with the first, which was measured by a photomultiplier in Givarlet and was equal to the ambient temperature. Due to the quantum correlations of the entangled states of the electrons of the color centers, signals were obtained with an increase and then a decrease in temperature, due to the shutdown of the heating device in Baton Rouge. The moment at which the maximum TLD temperature was reached at Baton Rouge corresponded exactly to the moment at which the correlation of the photomultiplier signal recorded at Givarlet was at its maximum. Experimentally, it turned out that light of low intensity does not cause decoherence capable of destroying bonds (quantum correlation) between entangled electronic color centers, since TLD crystals co-irradiated several months before the described experiment generated an intense response. Note that in [10] it was also mentioned the possibility of using irradiation with gamma quanta for the same purpose.

This experiment is a practical manifestation of the phenomenon of entanglement in quantum mechanics:

- Two particles are called entangled when they are emitted simultaneously and have a common wave function, for example, photons emitted by a nucleus or an electron, and the photons temporarily interfere with each other. Such particles are quantum correlated, interconnected, so that the interaction with one of them is immediately "felt" by the entangled partner.

- Entanglement between two particles (photons) can be switched to two other particles (electrons).

- Entangled particles, such as electrons, can be "stored" in ion or impurity traps (color centers) and remain isolated from the effects of decoherence from the environment of the traps for significant periods of time.

Color centers are impurity atoms and ions (traps, defects) that have captured an electron or hole, as a result of which the absorption band of the substance and its color change. Initially, the term "color centers" referred only to the so-called F-centers, discovered for the first time in the 1930s. 20th century in alkali metal halide crystals and representing anionic vacancies that have captured an electron. Later, color centers began to be understood as any point defects that absorb light outside the region of their own absorption - cation and anion vacancies, interstitial ions, as well as impurity atoms and ions that have captured an electron and are therefore called electronic color centers. Color centers are found in many inorganic crystals and glasses, as well as in natural minerals [11].

Within the framework of the microscopic approach (Lorentz theory) for light, there is a polarization of electrically elastic displacement. In the process of forced (under the action of an incident light wave) oscillations of electrons with the frequency of the driving force, the electric dipole moments of atoms periodically change, the frequency of which is also equal to the driving force. Under the action of this force, the (optical, valence) electrons of the atoms of matter perform forced harmonic oscillations (oscillate) with the frequency of the incident wave, while emitting secondary waves (light) with the same parameters [12].

Description of the PPU of nonlocal quantum communication. In order to understand the structure, principle of operation, as well as the role and place of the proposed PPU of non-local quantum communication in the organization of non-local quantum communication, it is necessary to consider the composition and principle of operation of the entire system of non-local quantum communication.

The drawing (Fig. 1) shows a block diagram of a non-local quantum communication system, which is based on the use of the phenomenon of quantum entanglement and which includes 2 identical non-local quantum communication stations, including the proposed identical PPU non-local quantum communication 112 and 212, between which non-local quantum communication, shown in the drawing by a dotted line. Mentioned first and second transceiver stations of non-local quantum communication also include computers 1 and 2, respectively, acting as sources and recipients of information.

In total, the first transceiver station 1 of non-local quantum communication contains

the first computer 1, acting as the first source and recipient of information,

first modulator 110,

first demodulator 109

and the first optical unit 101,

which includes a first light source 103, a first photodetector 104, a first light-dampening barrier 105 adapted to absorb excess light, and a first non-local quantum coupling core 102 made in the form of a thermoluminescent crystal,

the output of the first computer 1 through the first modulator 110 and the input of the first optical unit 101 is connected to the input of the first laser 103, the output of the first photodetector 104 through the output of the first optical unit 101 is connected to the input of the first computer 1,

the first light beam 106 emitted by the first light source 103 is oriented towards the first non-local quantum coupling core 102, the first light-dampening barrier 105 is oriented to receive the residual light beam 107 that has passed through the first non-local quantum coupling core 102, and the first photodetector 104 is oriented to receive light 108 scattered by the first non-local quantum bond core 102.

The second transceiver station 2 non-local quantum communication contains

the second computer 2 acting as the second source and recipient of information,

second modulator 210,

second demodulator 209

and a second optical unit 201,

which includes a second light source 203, a second photo detector 204, a second light-dampening barrier 205 adapted to absorb excess light, and a second non-local quantum coupling core 202 made in the form of a thermoluminescent crystal,

while the output of the second computer 2 through the second modulator 210 and the input of the second optical unit 201 is connected to the input of the second laser 203, the output of the second photodetector 204 through the output of the second optical unit 201 is connected to the input of the second computer 2;

the second light beam 206 emitted by the second laser 203 is oriented towards the second non-local quantum coupling core 202, the second light-dampening barrier 205 is oriented to receive the residual light beam 207 that has passed through the second non-local quantum coupling core 202, and the second photodetector 204 is oriented to receive light 208 , scattered by the second core 202 of non-local quantum communication.

The main elements of the system of non-local quantum communication can be called the first core 102 of non-local quantum communication of the first PPU 112 of non-local quantum communication and the second core 202 of non-local quantum communication of the second PPU 212 of non-local quantum communication, which are made in the form of thermoluminescent crystals containing quantum-entangled electronic color centers.

The considered system of non-local quantum communication is made with the possibility that messages coming from the computer of the transmitting side are transmitted by pulsed, in accordance with the binary symbols "1" or "0", irradiation with a beam of light on the transmitting side of one of the nuclei 102 and 202 of the non-local quantum and continuously irradiating the light beam on the receiving side of the other of the non-local quantum coupling nuclei 102 and 202, with the measurement on the receiving side of the duration of light scattering by the receiving side non-local quantum coupling core, which is performed using the receiving side photodetector.

Moreover, any of the two transceiver stations (1 or 2) of non-local quantum communication can serve as the transmitting side, while the other transceiver station of non-local quantum communication will serve as the receiving side.

In the considered system of non-local quantum communication for the formation of quantum-mechanically entangled electronic color centers, thermoluminescent crystals of the first core 102 of non-local quantum communication of the first transceiver station 1 of non-local quantum communication and the second core 202 of non-local quantum communication of the second transceiver station 2 of non-local quantum communication are previously simultaneously and jointly irradiated quantum - entangled x-ray or gamma quanta to create entangled traps (electronic color centers) in adjacent thermoluminescent crystals for the first non-local quantum bond core 102 and the second non-local quantum bond core 202, respectively.

In addition, the first photodetector 104 and the second photodetector 204 may be oriented perpendicular to the first light beam 106 and the second light beam 206, respectively, emitted by the first light source 103 and the second light source 203, respectively, to receive, respectively, the light 108 and the light 208 scattered, respectively, by the first core. 102 non-local quantum communication and the second core 202 non-local quantum communication.

In turn, the first light-blocking barrier 105 and the second light-blocking barrier 205 can be placed perpendicular to the first residual light beam 107 and the second residual light beam 207, respectively, passing through the first non-local quantum coupling core 102 and the second non-local quantum coupling core 202, respectively. This drawing shows 3 different types of connection:

- traditional electrical connection - solid single line;

- traditional optical communication - a solid double arrow, while the light rays emitted by the light sources 103, 203 are shown by arrows 106, 206, respectively, the light scattered by quantum mechanically entangled electronic color centers is shown by arrows 108, 208, and the residual light rays (secondary waves generated by thermoluminescent crystals when light rays fall on them from the corresponding source and passed through it) are shown by arrows 107 and 207;

- non-local quantum bond - a dotted line between the first and second nuclei 102 and 202 of non-local quantum bond, between which non-local quantum bond occurs, due to the entanglement of the electronic color centers of thermoluminescent crystals that are part of the first and second nuclei 102 and 202 of non-local quantum bond.

Description of the operation of the considered communication system. In FIG. 2 shows the sequence of operations (flowchart of the algorithm) for deploying the technical means of a non-local quantum communication system, the result of which is the creation of a communication system with two quantum-entangled thermoluminescent crystals. The implementation of such a sequence of operations makes it possible to form the entanglement of particles such as electrons, while, as noted above, entangled electrons can be "remained" in ion or impurity traps (color centers) and remain isolated from the influence of decoherence from the trap environment for significant periods of time. .

To clarify the essence of the communication system under consideration, as an example, consider the situation when it is necessary to transfer information from the first computer 1 to the second computer 2, i.e. when the first computer 1 is the transmitting side and the second computer 2 is the receiving side.

Let us consider the case when in the considered system of nonlocal quantum communication it is not necessary to transmit any information. The source, which is the second laser 203 (FIG. 1), emits the second beam 206 of light in a continuous mode. This light, arriving at the thermoluminescent crystal of the second core 202 of the nonlocal quantum bond, causes in it the polarization of the electrically elastic displacement of the electrons of the electronic color centers quantum-mechanically entangled with the electronic color centers of the crystal in the first core 102 of the nonlocal quantum bond. In the process of forced (under the action of an incident light wave) oscillations of electrons with the frequency of the driving force, the dipole electric moments of the color centers periodically change, the frequency of which is also equal to the frequency of the driving force, which consequently emit light with the same parameters, i.e. with the same frequency of photons and in the same direction. Thus, from the second photodetector 204, located perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the second beam 206 of light, there are no signals.

Due to the imperfection of the crystal structure - the presence of inhomogeneities and impurities - a small part of the light from the second beam 206 of light is inevitably scattered. This stray light must be considered as spurious noise and therefore must be filtered out by suitably adjusting the sensitivity of the second photodetector 204.

Let now in the considered system of nonlocal quantum communication it is necessary to transmit a binary symbol of information. If the source, which is the first light source 103, emits a short pulse of the first light beam 106, which corresponds to the transmitted binary symbol, for example, "0", or a longer pulse of the first light beam 106, corresponding to the transmitted binary symbol "1", then under the action of this first beam 106 of light in the thermoluminescent crystal of the first core 102 of non-local quantum bonding, polarization of the electrically elastic displacement of the electrons of the color centers occurs. Since the electronic color centers entangled between the thermoluminescent crystals of the first and second nuclei 102 and 202 of nonlocal quantum coupling are described by a single wave function, the directions of polarization of the electrically elastic displacement of the electrons of the latter, due to the laws of quantum mechanics, cannot be independent of each other. Therefore, the directions of light emitted by electronic color centers in thermoluminescent crystals of the first and second nuclei 102 and 202 of non-local quantum communication will differ from the direction of the first and second beams 106 and 206 of light emitted by sources in the form of the first and second light sources 103 and 203.

In other words, for the time (which determines whether the binary symbol will be “0” or “1”) of the passage of the first light beam 106 through the thermoluminescent crystal of the first non-local quantum bond core 102, the scattering intensity of the second light beam 206 by the thermoluminescent crystal of the second non-local quantum bond core 202 the quantum coupling that results in light 208 (scattered by the thermoluminescent crystal of the second non-local quantum coupling core 202) will increase. As a result, the light 208 scattered by the thermoluminescent crystal of the second core 202 of non-local quantum coupling falls on the second photodetector 204. The second photodetector 204 reacts to it (due to its higher intensity compared to parasitic noise) as a useful signal. The duration of such a useful signal is exactly equal to the duration of the scattering by quantum-mechanically entangled electronic color centers in the thermoluminescent crystal of the second core 202 of non-local quantum communication, the second beam 206 of light incident on it with the formation of light 208 (scattered by the thermoluminescent crystal of the second core 202 of non-local quantum communication), and means and is exactly equal to the duration of the passage of the first beam 106 of light through the thermoluminescent crystal of the first core 102 of non-local quantum communication, i.e., according to the transmitted binary symbol "0" or "1".

The above-described sequence of operations (flowchart of the algorithm) for transmitting information in the implementation of non-local quantum communication using the proposed PPU non-local quantum communication is illustrated in Fig.3.

As for switching the direction of information transfer in a nonlocal quantum communication system operating in half-duplex mode, we note that a lot of literature is devoted to the organization of communication in half-duplex mode, in particular, [4, 13].

Thus, the required technical result is achieved, which is to improve the quality of communication by eliminating parasitic noise generated by the residual light beam.

Information sources

1. Patent RU 2106749 C1, H04B 10/02 (2006.01), 03.10.1998. Space optical communication line between two objects.

2. Patent RU 2116700 C1, H04B 14/00 (2006.01), H04 B 1/707 (2006.01), 27.07.1998. Communication device.

3. Patent RU 2702613 C2, H04 B 10/70 (2013.01), 06/27/2019. Communication method.

4. Cowley J. Communications and Networking: An Introduction. - Springer, 2006. - P. 8-9.

5. Einstein A., Podolsky B., Rosen N. Can Quantum-Mechanical Description of Physical Reality Be Considered Complete? // Phys. Rev., 1935, vol. 47. - P. 777-780.

6. Bell J.S. Speakable and Unspeakable in Quantum Mechanics, New York, Cambridge University Press, 1993.

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10. Desbrandes, R., Van Gent, D. Intercontinental quantum liaisons between entangled electrons in ion traps of thermoluminescent crystals, 2006.

11. Nepomnyashchikh A.I., Rldzhebov E.A., Egranov A.V. Color centers and luminescence of LiF crystals // USSR Academy of Sciences. Siberian Branch, Institute of Geochemistry named after Academician A.P. Vinogradova, 1984.

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13. Goldstein B.S. Signaling in communication networks. Volume. 1. - M: Radio and communication, 1998. - 423 p.

Claims (1)

A transceiver for non-local quantum communication, comprising a light source installed in front of the thermoluminescent crystal, a photodetector located next to the thermoluminescent crystal perpendicular to the propagation of the light beam emitted by the light source, characterized in that it additionally contains a modulator, a demodulator and a light-dampening barrier, while the residual light beam that has passed through the thermoluminescent crystal and is a continuation of the light beam from the light source is oriented to the light-dampening barrier, the input of the transceiver of non-local quantum communication is connected through the modulator to the input of the light source, the output of the photodetector is connected through the demodulator to the output of the transceiver of non-local quantum communication.

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