RU216784U1 - Working body of the front loader - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model relates to road-building and municipal self-propelled machines and can be used as a working body of a front-end loader with a jaw bucket for clearing roads and other surfaces from snow.

The task solved by this utility model is to expand the functionality of the working body of the front loader, increase its productivity by increasing the width of the treated surface, making it possible to shift the snow cleared out of the road to the side of the road by installing an additional mounted blade of a simple design on the double-jaw bucket of the front loader.

The working body of the loader contains a double-jaw bucket, consisting of a front jaw 1 with side walls and a bottom with a front cutting part, a rear jaw made in the form of a straight blade 2 (hereinafter bucket blade 2) with a lower cutting part, sidewalls and lugs welded to its upper part 3 with a horizontal axis 4 installed in them, a hinged blade 5 and hydraulic cylinders for controlling the working body of the loader (not shown). The jaws 1 and 2 of the bucket are pivotally connected in their upper part.

Mounted blade 5 is mounted on a carrier frame 6, consisting of two vertically and parallel mounted support beams 7 and 8 of rectangular cross section, connected to each other by a transverse beam 9 and a brace 10. Eyelets 11 and 12 are fixed at the upper ends of the support beams 7 and 8, for hanging on the horizontal axis 4 of the carrier frame 6 with a mounted blade 5.

Mounted blade 5 is made in the form of a rigid welded structure with a frontal sheet 13 of a curved profile, stiffeners 14 on its reverse side and side wall 15. An elastic plate 16 is fixed on the lower part of the blade 5. Blade 5 with one of its sides and by means of flat elements 17 and 18 stiffness curved profile corresponding to the profile of the mating parts (front sheet 13 blade 5 and support beam 7) is fixed on the support beam 7 at an angle of 35-45 degrees to the plane of the carrier frame 6, and the other side through a horizontal bracket 19 is connected to the support beam 8. Bracket 19 is fixed relative to support 7 by spacer 20.

The inventive working body of a front loader with the front jaw of the double-jaw bucket fixed in the upper position, due to the attachment to the rear jaw of the bucket, made in the form of a direct blade, an additional mounted blade on the right at an angle to the working plane of the direct blade of the bucket, mounted cantilevered and rigidly fixed to the carrier frame , has an increased and adjustable working width of the treated surface, provides the ability to shift the snow being cleared off the road to the side of the road, which expands its functionality and increases the performance of the front loader.

Description

The utility model relates to road-building and municipal self-propelled machines and can be used as a working body of a front-end loader with a jaw bucket for clearing roads and other surfaces from snow.

One of the main machines used to clear roads from snow in cities and towns, as well as to clear sites near various industrial and civil facilities, are front loaders. This is due to their high versatility, manufacturability, mobility, maneuverability during work and high energy efficiency. The main working body of the front loader is the bucket. To perform snow removal work, the front loader is equipped with interchangeable attachments - a snow plow. After the snow melts, the blade is removed, and the front loader is again equipped with a bucket or other attachments, which allows you to operate the loader without downtime all year round. Re-equipment of a front loader is a rather laborious process. To increase the efficiency of using front loaders and reduce the time for their re-equipment for snow removal, snow plows are installed on loaders without removing their main working body - a bucket.

Known working body of a front loader for snow removal, described in US patent No. 2986826, according to (C1. 37-117.5), Appl. 06/23/1958, publ. 06/06/1961, "Scraper blade and adapter bracket for front-end bucket loader", mounted on the loader bucket. According to the invention, a front loader with a bucket is additionally equipped with a direct moldboard, which is installed in front of its bucket on a frame covering the lower part of the bucket. The frame with the blade is attached to the bucket using spring ties and a connecting lever, one end of which is pivotally connected to the blade frame, and the other, to the upper part of the bucket.

The disadvantage of the known design lies in the insufficient reliability of attaching the mounted blade to the loader bucket, the small width of the blade of the treated surface and the limited possibility of manipulating the blade.

Known hinged blade for snow removal, installed on the bucket of a front loader, described in US patent No. 4328628 "Snowplow assembly for front loader", class. E01H 5/06, E02F 3/62, Appl. February 6, 1980, publ. 11/05/1982 The blade is placed in front of the loader bucket with the possibility of rotation on a figured support frame, consisting of a semicircular beam rigidly attached to the rear wall of the blade and a paddle frame, at one end pivotally connected by means of cantilever beams to the rear of the blade, and at the other end of the frame, made in the form of a two fork frame with upper and lower support elements, is attached to the bucket with clamps installed in its lower part. The final fastening of the blade to the bucket is provided by a connecting lever, one end of which is hinged on the blade frame, the other on the top of the bucket. The blade is rotated by hydraulic cylinders through brackets connected to the central part of the semicircular beam of the blade. The blade can be quickly attached to the bucket by the front loader operator himself. The loader operator, maneuvering the edge of the bucket between the fork frame support elements, and sliding it (bucket) forward under its upper support elements, slightly raises the bucket to ensure that the frame is tilted and fixed at the bottom of the bucket by clamping elements mounted on the bucket and on the frame. Then manually engages the connecting arm, fixed on the frame, with the top of the bucket.

The advantage of the known design lies in the possibility of adjusting the angle of capture of the treated surface by the blade, the simplicity of the process of installing the blade on a front loader.

The disadvantage of the known device lies in the small width of the blade of the treated surface in one pass, and, as a result, the low performance of the front loader.

Known front-end loader Veles with a blade mounted on its bucket (manufactured by the Russian company Industrial Meridian), presented in the link https://uralmachine.ru/product/otval-na-kovsh-frontalnogo-pogruzchika/, an excerpt from which is given in the Appendix 1 to the application.

The well-known hinged blade is installed on the loader bucket with the ability to rotate on a welded box-shaped frame with rectangular section stiffeners. With the help of frame elements covering the lower part of the bucket and clips fixed to the frame, the blade is attached to the front lower part of the bucket. The top of the blade frame is attached to the top of the bucket with chains.

The disadvantage of the known design lies in the insufficient reliability of attachment of the blade to the bucket, the small width of the blade of the treated surface.

Known "Wheeled vehicle with a rotary moldboard", described in US patent No. 3866342, class. E02F 3/76, E02F 3/62, Appl. February 13, 1973, publ. February 18, 1975 According to the invention, a wheeled vehicle with a loading bucket extended forward is equipped with a blade rigidly fixed to its frame, which is pivotally connected to a U-shaped slewing frame connected releasably to the vehicle chassis by means of a trunnion engagement located under vehicle behind the front wheels. The U-frame includes straight drive arms articulated on a trunnion and extending forward and around the front of the vehicle outward from the wheels for maximum turn. The blade has a sufficiently long length, and to ensure its stability and prevent tipping forward and backward, it is rigidly attached from above and below to the space frame of the bridge structure. A front loader equipped with a mounted blade of this design can perform snow removal work on a wide strip of road without removing the bucket. Changing the angle of rotation, inclination of the blade and its lifting is carried out by the hydraulic system of the loader.

Among the advantages of this invention is the ease and convenience of attaching the blade to the vehicle chassis, which is ensured by the trunnion connection of the U-shaped carrier frame to the vehicle chassis, the large length of the blade, the ability to change the angle of the blade relative to the road, allowing the blade to be captured and cleared of snow a large width of the road, as well as by maneuvering the blade, to shift the snow from the carriageway along the sides of the road.

The disadvantage of the known design of the mounted blade lies in the high metal consumption, complexity and large dimensions of the blade frame, and, accordingly, in the large dimensions of the vehicle both in the working and in the transport position, which makes it difficult to control the front loader, especially in narrow places, reduces its maneuverability and snow removal performance.

A common disadvantage of the above-mentioned well-known self-propelled dumps mounted on a bucket is also that during operation they can be damaged due to the method of their installation and high metal consumption, tk. the blades of the plow blades may frequently hit a hard surface or the push frame when turning, causing damage that requires costly repair or replacement.

The working body of the above-mentioned known devices is only a mounted dump, and the loading bucket is their main working body, is not involved in the work process and performs only the role of a bearing and supporting element for a mounted dump.

The closest in technical essence to the claimed, selected as a prototype is a universal working body of a front loader - a double-jaw bucket, described in the book by A.F. Bazanova and others. "Self-propelled loaders", M .: Mashinostroenie, 1979, p. 410, on pp. 167-169, fig. 78, an extract from which is given in Appendix No. 2 to the application, containing two jaws hinged in their upper part, a front jaw with side walls and a bottom with a front cutting part, a back jaw made in the form of a straight blade with a lower cutting part, sidewalls and lugs welded to its upper part with a horizontal axis installed in them, and bucket control hydraulic cylinders.

Front loaders equipped with a double-jaw bucket are characterized by maneuverability, small dimensions, high productivity and are widely used at construction sites, housing and communal services, household plots and landscaping works in cities and other settlements. With simultaneous control of two jaws, the front loader can perform various loading operations. When the hydraulic cylinder raises the front jaw of the bucket and fixes it in this position, the rear jaw of its bucket, which has the form of a direct blade, is used in the summer as a grader (garbage collection, leveling any bulk materials), and in winter as a snow blower for cleaning the surface roads from snow. When clearing snow, the front loader with the rear jaw of its double-jaw bucket pushes the snow mass being cleared in front of it like a blade, and when the blade is full, the loader moves the snow to the side of the road, or grabs the mass of unloaded snow with a double-jaw bucket and loads it into a dump truck.

The disadvantage of a double-jaw bucket of a front-end loader when it is working on clearing roads from snow lies in the small width of the blade of its bucket of the cleared area in one pass, the impossibility of moving the volume of snow to be removed to the side of the road without maneuvering the loader, which increases the time and fuel consumption when clearing snow wide roads and large areas, and thus reduces its productivity.

The task solved by this utility model is to expand the functionality of the working body of the front loader, increase its productivity by increasing the width of the treated surface, providing the possibility of shifting the cleared snow out of the road to the side of the road by installing an additional mounted blade on the double jaw bucket of the front loader.

The problem is solved by the fact that the working body of the front loader, including the jaw bucket, consisting of two jaws pivotally connected in their upper part, the front jaw with side walls and the bottom with the front cutting part, the rear jaw, made in the form of a direct blade with the lower cutting part , sidewalls and lugs welded to its upper part with a horizontal axis installed in them, and hydraulic cylinders of its control, according to the utility model, a double-jaw bucket, with a front jaw fixed in the upper position, is equipped with a hinged blade mounted on the right at an angle to the working plane of the direct blade of the bucket, cantilever mounted on a bucket blade mounted on a horizontal axis with the ability to move along it a bearing welded frame, consisting of two rectangular sections with lugs at their upper ends and holes in them for installation on the bucket blade axis vertically and parallel to installed support beams rigidly connected between battle with a cross beam and

brace, and a bracket, while the blade, made in the form of a rigid welded structure with a frontal sheet of a curved profile, reinforced on its reverse side with vertical and horizontal stiffeners, with an elastic plate fixed on its lower part, and a side wall covering its right side, its left side is rigidly fixed on the right support beam of the frame, and its right side is rigidly connected by means of the frame bracket to its left support beam.

Fixing the front jaw of the double-jaw bucket in the upper position makes it possible to use the rear wall of the bucket as a direct blade for cleaning the road surface from snow.

The implementation of the supporting frame from a small number of simple parts: two support beams of rectangular section, interconnected by a transverse beam and a brace, and a frame bracket, in the form of a welded structure, allows you to create a simple and reliable frame as a supporting element for a mounted blade, which increases reliability and durability of the structure, which improves the performance of the working body of the loader.

The presence of lugs with holes in them at the upper ends of two vertically mounted support beams of the carrier frame provides the possibility of installing and moving the carrier frame on the horizontal axis of the bucket blade, and, accordingly, the possibility of moving the hinged blade relative to the plane of the bucket blade.

Installing a hinged blade to the right of the working plane of the direct blade of the bucket allows you to increase the width of the work surface and increase its productivity.

Installation at an angle to the plane of the direct blade of the bucket of the mounted blade, mounted cantilevered and rigidly fixed with its left side on the right support beam of the supporting frame, and on the right side by means of the frame bracket on its left support beam, as well as the presence of a side wall on the right side of the mounted blade, prevent shedding of the raked of snow on the roadway on the left in the direction of the loader, ensure the movement of the raked mass of snow along the mounted blade towards the bucket blade, contribute to slipping and displacement of the raked mass of snow along it out of the road to the side of the road on the right in the direction of the loader, reduce the load on the lower surface of the bucket blade and make it possible for the front loader to work non-stop, thereby increasing its productivity.

The ability to move the carrier frame with a mounted blade along the horizontal axis in the lugs of the bucket blade allows you to change (adjust) the grip width of the “combined” working body (bucket blade and mounted blade) of the loader depending on the tasks and conditions of its work, which expands its functionality and improves snow removal performance.

The implementation of the hinged blade in the form of a rigid welded structure with a frontal sheet of a curved profile, reinforced on its reverse side by vertical and horizontal stiffeners, and a side wall on the right provide the ability to capture a larger amount of snow with the blade.

Fixing an elastic plate on the lower part of the mounted blade ensures tight and elastic contact of the mounted blade with the treated surface, prevents wear of the blade itself, which increases its durability.

Thus, the combination of the claimed features, allowing you to increase and adjust the width of the working body of the treated surface, to ensure the shift of the snow cleared from the road surface outside the road - to the side of the road, makes it possible to expand the functionality of the working body of the front loader, increase its productivity.

The claimed working body of the front loader is novel, differing from the prototype in the above essential features, such as:

fixation of the front jaw of the two-jaw bucket in the upper position;

execution of the supporting frame from a small number of simple parts in the form of a welded frame of a simple design,

the presence of lugs with holes at the upper ends of two vertically and parallel mounted support beams of rectangular section of the load-bearing frame of the attachment blade;

the ability to move the carrier frame with a hinged blade along the horizontal axis in the lugs of the bucket blade;

installation of a hinged blade on the right to the working plane of the direct blade of the bucket;

installation at an angle to the plane of the direct blade of the bucket of the mounted blade, mounted cantilevered and rigidly fixed with its left side on the right support beam of the supporting frame, and on the right side by means of the frame bracket on its left support beam, as well as the presence of a side wall on the right side of the mounted blade;

implementation of a hinged blade in the form of a rigid welded structure with a frontal sheet of a curved profile, reinforced on its reverse side with vertical and horizontal stiffeners, and a side wall covering its right side,

fixing an elastic plate on the lower part of the hinged blade, which together ensure the achievement of the technical result envisaged by the applicant.

The inventive working body can be used as a working equipment of the JCB 4 CX / JCB 3CX backhoe loader when cleaning roads, streets and other surfaces from snow. upper part, therefore meets the criterion of "industrial applicability".

The utility model is illustrated by drawings and photographs shown in FIG. 1-7:

fig. 1 - The working body of the front loader. Loader bucket blade with mounted blade (front jaw not shown).

fig. 2 - General view of the working body of a front loader equipped with a mounted blade in its extreme right position.

fig. 3 - Image of the junction of the hinged blade to the bearing frame support by flat stiffeners on the front side of the blade front plate. View A in Fig. 1.

fig. 4 - Image of the junction of the hinged blade to the bearing frame support with flat stiffeners on the back side of the blade front plate. View B fig. 1.

fig. 5 - The working body of the front loader. View from above.

fig. 6 - The working body of the loader with the middle position of the mounted blade on the bucket blade.

fig. 7 - The working body of the loader at the extreme left position of the hinged blade on the bucket blade.

The inventive working body of the loader is made as follows (Fig. 1-7).

The working body of the loader contains a two-jaw bucket, consisting of a front jaw 1 with side walls and a bottom with a front cutting part, a rear jaw made in the form of a straight blade 2 (hereinafter bucket blade 2) with a lower cutting part, sidewalls and lugs welded to its upper part 3 with a horizontal axis 4 installed in them, a hinged blade 5 and hydraulic cylinders for controlling the working body of the loader (not shown). Jaws 1 and 2 of the bucket are pivotally connected in their upper part.

Mounted blade 5 is mounted on a carrier frame 6, consisting of two vertically and parallel mounted support beams 7 and 8 of rectangular section, interconnected by a transverse beam 9 and a brace 10. At the upper ends of the support beams 7 and 8, lugs 11, 12 are fixed with holes in them for hanging on the horizontal axis 4 of the carrier frame 6 with blade 5.

Mounted blade 5 is made in the form of a rigid welded structure with a frontal sheet 13 of a curved profile, stiffeners 14 on its reverse side and side wall 15. An elastic plate 16 is fixed on the lower part of the blade 5. Blade 5 with one of its sides and by means of flat elements 17 and 18 stiffness of the curved profile corresponding to the profile of the mating parts (front sheet 13 and support beam 7) is fixed on the support beam 7 at an angle of 35-45 degrees to the plane of the supporting frame 6, and the other side is connected to the support beam 8 by means of a horizontal bracket 19. Bracket 19 fixed relative to the support 7 by a spacer 20. Mounting the hinged blade 5 to the support beam 7 with flat stiffeners 17 and 18 from the side of the front sheet 13 and from its reverse side increases the rigidity of the structure and the reliability of mounting the blade on the carrier frame 5, which ensures reliable and durable operation hinged dump.

The work of the front loader, equipped with the inventive working body for snow removal, is carried out as follows.

Before starting work, the horizontal axis 4, installed in the eyes 3 of the blade 2 of the bucket, is removed. Hinged blade 5 with a carrier frame 6 is mounted on a stand so that the holes of the eyes 11 and 12 of the support beams 7 and 8 of the hinged frame 6 are located at the same level horizontally. Using the hydraulic control system of the working body of the loader, the front jaw 1 of the double-jaw bucket is lifted up and fixed in the upper position. Then the blade 2 (rear jaw) of the bucket is brought to the hinged frame 6 and the level of the location of the holes of the eyes 3 and the holes of the eyes 11 and 12 are combined. Then the horizontal axis 4 is manually inserted into the holes of the eyes 3, 11 and 12 and fixed from axial displacement with locking fingers 21 The carrier frame 6 with blade 5, taking into account the required working width of the working body of the loader, is fixed in the holes 22 on the axle 4 with locking bolts 23 through the eyes 11 and 12 in one of its 3 possible positions:

the extreme left position of the carrier frame 6 on the axis 4 of the blade 2 of the bucket, providing the smallest width of the working body of the loader, corresponding to the width of the blade of the bucket and the transverse dimension of the loader (2500 mm) (Fig. 7);

the average position of the carrier frame 6 on the axis 4 of the blade 2 of the bucket, providing the width of the working body of the loader - 2910 mm (Fig. 6);

the extreme right position of the carrier frame on the axis of the bucket blade, providing the greatest width of capture by the working body of the loader - 3320 mm (Fig. 1).

Before the final fixing of the supporting frame 6 with a mounted blade 5 on the axis 4 of the blade 2 of the bucket, it is checked that the left side of the mounted blade 5 closely adjoins the working plane of the blade 2 of the bucket, and with the left lower part rests on its lower part 24.

Before starting work, the front loader driver from his workplace in the cab lowers the working body onto the surface to be treated by means of a hydraulic control system of the working body, after which the vehicle starts moving.

The snow cleared by the mounted blade 5, installed at an angle relative to the blade 2 of the bucket and, accordingly, at an angle relative to the direction of movement of the loader, moves along the frontal sheet 13 of the mounted blade 5 towards the blade 2 of the bucket, thereby contributing to slippage and displacement of the mass of snow raked by the working body of the loader behind limits of the road to the side of the road on the right in the direction of the loader. Due to the presence of the side wall 15 on the mounted blade 5, the shedding of snow on the roadway on the left in the direction of the loader does not occur. The driver of the front loader, using the hydraulic control system of the working body, can move the working body up, down and turn it at the right angle for better contact with the road surface. When clearing wide roads from snow, the driver of a front-end loader, after cleaning one lane of the road, turning the loader in the opposite direction, can continue to clean the other side of the road, shifting the mass of snow cleared by the working body to the right in the direction of the loader.

For transport crossings, the design of the front loader provides for fixing the working body in a raised and raised position.

The inventive working body of the front loader is technically applicable, in comparison with the prototype has enhanced functionality that improves the performance of the front loader.

Claims (1)

The working body of a front loader, including a jaw bucket, consisting of two jaws pivotally connected in their upper part, a front jaw with side walls and a bottom with a front cutting part, a rear jaw made in the form of a straight blade with a lower cutting part, sidewalls and welded to it the upper part with lugs with a horizontal axis installed in them, and hydraulic cylinders for its control, characterized in that the double-jaw bucket with the front jaw fixed in the upper position is equipped with a hinged blade installed on the right at an angle to the plane of the direct blade of the bucket, cantilever mounted on a bucket blade installed on the horizontal axis of the blade with the possibility of moving along it the carrier frame, consisting of two rectangular sections with lugs at their upper ends and holes in them for installation on the axis of the bucket blade vertically and parallel to the installed support beams, rigidly connected to each other by a transverse beam and a brace, and a bracket, while rep al, made in the form of a rigid welded structure with a frontal sheet of a curved profile, reinforced on its reverse side with vertical and horizontal stiffeners, with an elastic plate fixed on its lower part and a side wall covering its right side, its left side is rigidly fixed on the right support frame beam, and the right side is rigidly connected by means of the frame bracket with its left support beam.

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