RU2165688C1 - Farm crop seed sorting apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture. SUBSTANCE: apparatus has group of screens arranged in parallel one with the other and having working surfaces composed of similar cells. Each working surface is made in the form of metal strips secured in carcass and intersecting one another so as to define rhombic cells. Circle is inscribed in each rhombic cell. Diameter of inscribed circle is selected depending upon type of processed crop and on condition that: 0.5 mm <d <1.2 mm for vegetable and forage grass crop seeds, 1.2 mm <d <5.5 mm for cereals, groats and oil crop seeds, 5.5 mm <d <25 mm for leguminous crop seeds, filbert seeds, where d is diameter of inscribed circle. Screens with cells of larger diameter are disposed at side adjacent to flow of seeds to be sorted. Thickness of metal strips is within the range of 0.5-3 mm, cell density is 60-95% of total area of screen working surface. Usage of similar rhombic cells in apparatus provides versatility of seed sorting and eliminates necessity for employment of special screens with cells of other shape. EFFECT: wider operational capabilities and increased efficiency. 1 dwg, 2 ex

Description

 The invention relates to agricultural production, in particular to post-harvest processing and sorting of seeds of agricultural crops - vegetables, cereals, oilseeds, legumes, seeds of forage grasses, etc.

 Known devices for sorting seeds of agricultural crops having cells with round, slit, triangular and other holes.

 It is known, in particular, a device for sorting seeds of agricultural crops (see AS USSR N 1021407 according to class A 01 F 12/44, publ. 07.06.83), containing a drive for communicating longitudinal vibrations to the device and transverse corrugations . The front wall of each protrusion of the corrugations forms an angle with a horizontal plane greater than the angle formed by the rear wall of this protrusion with a horizontal plane, with each hole of the device made on the rear wall of the previous protrusion of the corrugation and on the front wall of the subsequent one.

 However, the throughput of this device is small due to the presence of holes of the same size, which does not allow the simultaneous processing of crops such as buckwheat and rice, millet and oats, and is also not intended for processing crops with large seed sizes. In addition, the design of the device is complex, requires special devices - a crank and a connecting rod to create longitudinal vibrations.

 A device for sorting seeds of agricultural crops is also known (see Cellular Trier K-236 A, P-236A01, K-236A04. Operating Instructions for the GDR. // Vuta, 5909, 4th edition. 1987), containing a working surface in the form of a trimeric cylinder, made in the form of recesses in the form of cells of the same type of the same shape.

 The disadvantage of this design is the low quality of sorting seeds having different shapes and sizes, since it involves the processing of particles of only the same shape (either oval, or round, or triangular). For processing seeds of various forms, the device provides for the use of additional cereals, which, in turn, complicates the design and increases the cost of both its manufacture and the implementation of the sorting process itself.

 Closest to the claimed is a device for sorting seeds of agricultural crops (see RF patent N 2051759 according to class B 07 B 13/02, publ. 10.01.96), containing a tee block with trime cylinders with a working surface made in the form cells of different sizes and the same shape, arranged in parallel rows along the generatrix of the cylinder, while the working surface of each inlet cylinder is made with cells of various shapes, and the cells are arranged in parallel alternating rows across the generatrix of the cylinder.

 The device allows the processing of seeds at the same time of different shapes and sizes, however, its design is complex and cumbersome, requires large production costs. In addition, the device is not intended for sorting seeds of crops with a diameter of more than 2 cm.

 The invention is aimed at solving the problem of creating a simple and universal device for sorting seeds of agricultural crops, which allows, at the lowest cost, to efficiently sort the seeds with high throughput while expanding the range of processed seeds of crops to diameters in excess of 2 cm.

To solve the problem in a device for sorting seeds of agricultural crops, containing a set of parallel alternating sieves with work surfaces made in the form of the same cells, according to the invention, each work surface is made in the form of metal strips rigidly fixed in the frame and intersecting with each other, forming diamond-shaped cells , in each of which a circle is inscribed with a diameter selected depending on the type of crop being cultured from the conditions:
0.5 mm <d <1.2 mm - for seeds of vegetable crops and forage grasses,
1.2 mm <d <5.5 mm - for seeds of cereal, cereals and oilseeds,
5.5 mm <d <25 mm - for seeds of legumes, hazelnuts,
where d is the diameter of the circle inscribed in the diamond-shaped cell, moreover, for each culture, sieves are selected in an amount of at least two with different sizes of working surface cells, while working surfaces with large cells are installed on the side of the flow of sorted seeds, the thickness of the metal strips is selected in the range 0.5 mm to 3 mm, and the cell density is 60-95% of the working surface of the sieves.

 The sources of patent and scientific and technical information known to the authors do not describe a device for sorting seeds of agricultural crops, which allows simple and economical sorting of seeds with high throughput due to the working surfaces of sieves in the form of homogeneous diamond-shaped cells of a certain size and arranged alternating with respect to the direction flow of processed seeds. At the same time, the cell sizes are selected experimentally in accordance with the type of crops being cultivated and can vary over a wide range, which allows processing crops with seed diameters of more than 2 cm, for example hazelnuts, walnuts, etc. Quickly replace sieves with different cell sizes for each crop allows you to achieve high bandwidth devices.

 The device is illustrated in the drawing, which shows the working surface in the form of diamond-shaped cells 1 formed by rigidly fixed in the frame 2 intersecting with each other metal strips 3.

 The device operates as follows.

 Sorted seeds enter the sieve and under the influence of either vibration forces or reciprocating movement, the sorted mass is divided into fractions of a certain caliber. The first fraction - large impurities falls into the tray, and the second fraction - the seeds of the main product fall on the second sieve with a mesh size smaller than that of the first sieve, where the secondary sorting and separation of the mass into the finished product and small impurities also appear in the tray . If necessary, depending on the type of seeds being processed and the type of seed cleaning machines, it is possible to sort the seeds with a large number of sieves (third, fourth, etc.) with decreasing cell sizes. So, for the subsequent sieve (in relation to the flow of seeds), a working surface with cells whose size is smaller than that of the previous sieve is selected. Moreover, the size difference is selected experimentally, depending on the type of crop.

 Example 1

 Rice seeds were processed on an OVP-20 machine. We used sieves with diamond-shaped cells, the diameters of the circles inscribed in the rhombus were: for the first sieve - 1.8 mm, for the second - 1.6 mm. Rice seeds first came on the first sieve, and then on the second. After sorting, seed purity was 97.4% versus 96.4% on standard sieves used for rice sorting. The number of crushed and beaten grains was 1.34 g per 1 kg of seeds and 1.82 g per 1 kg of seeds, respectively.

 Example 2

 Buckwheat seeds were processed on a ZOM-5 machine. We used sieves with diamond-shaped cells calibrated by the diameter of the circles inscribed in the rhombus: for the first sieve in diameter - 3.6 mm, and for the second - 1.7 mm. Seeds as well as in example 1, first came to the first, and then to the second sieve. After sorting, seed purity was 98.2%, which is 5% higher than standard sieves for sorting buckwheat.

 Moreover, the throughput was 630 kg / h, which is almost two times higher than with known devices.

 Thus, the claimed device allows you to simply, efficiently and at minimal cost to sort the seeds, provides an increase in throughput by 30-50%. Rhombic sieves, due to their versatility, practically replace all types of sieves. When using the inventive device, it practically disappears, with the right selection of sizes, the need to use separately round, slit, triangular, oval and other special sieves, usually used when sorting a specific crop (cereal, cereal, bean, etc.). Thanks to the selected cell sizes, the range of processed crops is quite large - from grass seeds to legumes and nuts.

Claims (1)

A device for sorting seeds of agricultural crops, containing a set of parallel alternating sieves with work surfaces made in the form of the same cells, characterized in that each work surface is made in the form of metal strips rigidly fixed in the frame and intersecting each other, forming diamond-shaped cells, in each of which the circle is inscribed with a diameter selected depending on the type of crop being cultured from the conditions:
0.5 mm <d <1.2 mm - for seeds of vegetable crops and forage grasses,
1.2 mm <d <5.5 mm - for seeds of cereal, cereals and oilseeds,
5.5 mm <d <25 mm - for seeds of legumes, hazelnuts,
where d is the diameter of the inscribed circle,
moreover, for each culture, sieves are selected in an amount of at least two with different cell sizes of the working surfaces, while working surfaces with large cells are installed on the side of the flow of sorted seeds, the thickness of the metal strips is selected in the range from 0.5 to 3 mm, and the density cells makes up 60 - 95% of the working surface of the sieves.